1、阅读理解 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMusicOpera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 2412742. http:/.Chamber Orchestra:
2、The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 7231182 for more information. http:/.Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 3813300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in su
3、mmer at Riverbend. http:/www.symphony.org/home.asp.College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCMs Philharmonic Orche
4、stra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 5564183. http:/www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellog
5、g Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 2326220. http:/.1. Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?A. 2412742. B. 7231182.C. 3813300. D. 2326220.2. When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?A.
6、 February. B. May. C. August. D. November.3. Where can student go for free performances with their I.D. cards?A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall. C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.【文章大意】本文是一篇广告类短文。共介绍了五个与音乐有关的活动，包括举办的地点、举办时间、活动内容和联系方式等。1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 opera 定位到第一个活动，第一个活动的联系电话是
7、2412742，选A。【名师点睛】阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：1. 包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对 A 选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项 A 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项 A 往往就是正确答案。如在花与玫瑰两选项中，正确答案肯定是花，花包含了玫瑰。2. 正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四个选项中 A、B 互为正反项，那我们通常先排除 C、D 项，正确答案一般在A、B 项当中。3. 委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读
8、理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to, be liable to 等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, n
9、one, hardly, already 等等。4. 同形项原则命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。5. 常识项原则在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻，富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。6. 因果项原则阅读理解逻辑推理基本上都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果
10、，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。BWhen she was a little girl, Margarita Engle spent her summers in Cuba, where she says she fell in love with nature.Engle, 66, was born to a Cuban mother and an American father. Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home
11、in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer. The Poetry Foundation recently named her its Young Peoples Poet Laureate, a role Engle plans to use to encourage children and teenagers to write down their feelings.Magic happens when you put your emotions(情感) in writing, sh
12、e said.Engle says she has always liked poetry. At age 6, she wrote her first poem about nature. After looking around while taking a walk one day in California, she wrote a rhymed poem about the shapes of hills. As a teen, she wrote sonnets (十四行诗) about nature and stories about people in Cuba.Some of
13、 her books explore the island, its people, markets and landmarks. Her new picture book, “All the Way to Havana,“ features American cars from the 1940s and 1950s. “Forest World“, a new novel, introduces Edver to readers, an 11-year-old who lives in Miami, Florida, with his mother and is shipped off t
14、o Cuba to see his birthplace and meet his Cuban family. When he arrives in Havana, the capital, he learns he has an older sister, Luza, who stayed on the island with her father and grandfather. The two go on an adventure into a Cuban forest.The emotions of the characters are similar to what many chi
15、ldren feel when they are separated from loved ones, Engle said. She hopes that people facing similar challenges can find support and comfort in poetry.4.What made Engle a poet?A. Her visits to Cuba.B. Days spent in California.C. Magic skills in practicing writing.D. Encouragement from the Poetry Fou
16、ndation.5.We can learn from the text that young Engle probably_.A. enjoyed indoor games B. found inspiration in natureC. liked exploring cities in Florida D. made friends with Cuban people6.What is true about “Forest World“?A. It is a new picture book.B. It is based on a real-life event.C. It talks
17、about an adventure story.D. It describes family ties between countries.7.What does Engle stress in the last paragraph?A. The frequent changes of emotions.B. The challenges in writing poems.C. The separations from family members.D. The links between life and literature.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Engle 童年时每年往返于古巴
18、和美国，这让她亲近自然，并激发了她的创作热情，最终成为一位知名的诗人兼作家。4.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer“可知 A正确。【干扰项分析】A 项表示“喜欢室内运动“，文中无与此相关的表述;C 项张冠李戴，第四段描述 Engle 探索的地方是 California， 而非 Florida;根据“she wrote sonnet
19、s (十四行诗) about nature and stories about people in Cuba“可知，D 项过度延伸了原文表述。6.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段提到的小说 “Forest World“的内容可知，该书描写的是 Edver离开美国佛罗里达州前往古巴哈瓦那探亲的故事，揭示的是分隔在两个国家的家庭亲情，故选D。A 项张冠李戴；B 项无中生有；C 项偷梁换柱。7.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，Engle 认为无论是在作品中还是在现实中，孩子离别亲人时心底迸发的情感有相似之处，她希望面临这种处境的人能从诗歌中寻觅到支持和慰藉。故Engle 在此强调生活
20、与文学作品的联系。【长难句解读】“Forest World“， a new novel， introduces Edver to readers， an 11-year-old who lives in Miami， Florida， with his mother and is shipped off to Cuba to see his birthplace and meet his Cuban family.CIn our research, we surveyed nearly 1,400 consumers about what they had eaten over the las
21、t 24 hours and how often they bought foods at supermarkets. We also took note of individual characteristics. When it came to making unhealthy food choices, a consumers individual characteristics mattered more than where they shopped.Young consumers were less likely to eat fruits and vegetables. Peop
22、le without college degrees consumed significantly more sugar and butter. With age and education came better eating habits. Older people and college graduates ate more fruits and vegetables.The clear role played by these connections argues for approaches to helping people improve the diet choices the
23、y make. Particularly when it comes to eating less junk food, targeted interventions(干预) are needed in addition to building supermarkets and stocking them with “good for you“ foods. Policymakers should consider putting in place proven strategies(策略) that push consumers to change their shopping behavi
24、ors, such as taxing foods high in added sugars.In 2014, Berkeley became the first city in the U.S. to put a tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, and consumption of such drinks dropped by more than 20 percent. In Mexico, an 8 percent tax on high-calorie foods put in place the same year reduced junk food pu
25、rchases by about 5 percent.Evidence that people with lower levels of education may be more likely to reduce their consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in the face of such a tax also comes from Mexico. With more U.S. cities following suit, much-needed additional research should follow on whether the
26、se taxes effectively reduce consumption.Some strategies that are not obvious and are aimed at changing individual behaviors also could make a difference in eating and shopping habits. In-store marketing where and how foods are put has shown promise of increasing the sales of healthy foods in superma
27、rkets of low-income neighborhoods.Technology may also play a role. Research has shown that just being exposed to electronically delivered dietary feedback(反馈), including advice on how to eat more fruits and vegetables, led to increased consumption of such foods among lower-income individuals with lo
28、wer levels of education.8.Which of the following would the author agree from the first paragraph?A. Personal tastes vary greatly. B. You are what you eat.C. You eat what you are. D. More supermarkets should be built.9.What does the underlined word “connections“ in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Education b
29、ackgrounds decide economic income.B. Age and education affect the choices of foods.C. Older consumers tend to buy cheap foods.D. Individual characteristics influence where to shop.10.How does the author feel about the taxes?A. Doubtful. B. Opposed.C. Indifferent. D. Cautious.11.What does the author
30、mainly talk about in the text?A .Advice on improving eating habits.B. The importance of healthy foods.C. Peoples different food preferences.D.A latest research discovery.【文章大意】本文为议论文。研究发现，个人特点,如年龄和受教育程度，与个人饮食习惯存在关联。对此，作者提到从税收政策、市场营销和科技三个方面来改善个人饮食习惯。8.C 【解析】 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “a consumers individual cha
31、racteristics mattered more than where they shopped“得知，在选择食品时，消费者的个人特点要比购物地点更有决定性，因为年龄和受教育程度决定购买食品的种类，进而形成饮食习惯，即你的个人特点决定你的饮食习惯。第二段对此阐释得更加清楚，故 C 项最佳。【干扰项分析】A 项在第一段中找不到依据，可以排除;B 项意为“人如其食“，与研究发现相反，可以排除;D项只是下文的一个细节信息，可以排除。9.B 【解析】考查名词指代。根据第二段中的“With age and education came better eating habits“得知，饮食习惯受年龄和
32、受教育程度的影响，故此处 connections 指上文提及的年龄和受教育程度与个人饮食习惯之间的关联，故选择 B。11.A 【解析】考查主旨大意。作者开篇提到一项研究发现，由此引出改善个人饮食习惯的几种方法。故作者主要在文中谈了改善个人饮食习惯的方法，故选择 A。DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named DriveLAB in order to understand the challenges faced
33、 by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are devel
34、oping in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: For many older people, particularly those living alone or
35、in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving c
36、onditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and h
37、ow we might use technology to address these problems.For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of get
38、ting fined. Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.12. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A. To explore new means of tra
39、nsport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.13. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesse
40、s.14. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.15. What is the best title for the text?A. A new Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic Probl
41、emsC. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road【文章大意】为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出 DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式。12.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章首段的内容可知，研制 DriveLAB 的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机所面临的挑战。13.A 【解析 】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe 所说的.driving is important for preserving their independence, giving t
42、hem the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others可知，在 Phil Blythe 看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。14.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。15.D 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款DriveLAB来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满
43、分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Promises act at the personal relationship level. 16 But breaking a promise causes a betrayal response, damaging the bond.17 One is that we freely offer to do something and the other is that we agree to a request to act. When the other person is more in
44、vested(投入) in the outcome, typically when he has asked for something, then he will be more disappointed and trust less if the promise is not kept.Some people make promises too easily. They agree to actions without knowing whether they will be able to keep the promise. 18 We also make promises when w
45、e want to be liked and are trying to please people. Saying “yes“ is socially easier than refusal but can lead to disappointment and decrease in trust.Promises can vary in intensity(强度). There is a difference between saying casually you will do something and swearing on your grandmothers tomb you wil
46、l do it. Breaking a sworn promise has far greater damage to trust because swearing gets greater trust in the first place and consequent disappointment causes a stronger betrayal effect.Expectation can also vary with people. Some people trust too easily. Others take casual offers as sworn promises an
47、d are terribly offended at the slightest transgression(违背). 19 So before making promises to other people, size them up and consider the long-term influence on your reputation. 20 When you surprise them with your determination to keep promises, their trust in you will increase.A. Promises lead to exp
48、ectation.B. Promises come in two forms.C. This often happens when they are focusing on the short term.D. A promise seeks trust and bonds people together more tightly.E. Yet most people are reasonable in how they interpret promises.F. When you make a promise, keep in mind what you want to achieve.G.
49、This includes making promises they might doubt whether you will keep.【文章大意】本文为议论文，作者从五个方面来讨论承诺，最后给出结论:谨慎承诺，有诺必践。16.D 【解析】本段讨论承诺对人际关系的影响，分正面和负面，空后为负面影响，因此空处应涉及其正面作用。该段结尾的 bond 呼应 D 项中的 bonds，故选择 D。17.B 【解析】从空后“One is that we freely offer to do something and the other is that we agree to a request to act“得知，要么主动帮忙，要么应要求帮忙，故承诺呈现两种方式，选择B。18.C 【解析】根据空前的“They agree to actions without knowing whether they will be able to keep the promise“和空后与之并列的情况“We also make promises whe
