1、2019/1/25,1,英语五种基本句型及巩固练习,2019/1/25,2,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： +link- +（主系表）基本句型二： + （主谓）基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）,2019/1/25,3,英语基本句型-1 主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等，系动词有:1. 表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel
2、, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand；3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,2019/1/25,4,Our English teacher is 40 years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss
3、seems satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays still.,2019/1/25,5,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长。2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children
4、 in the nursery.,2019/1/25,6,5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了。7这个报告听起来很有意思。,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting.,2019/1/25,7,英语基本句型-2 主谓结构此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. Th
5、e red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3. We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.,2019/1/25,8,巩固练习：1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,She went home very late yesterday evening.,The meeting will last two hours.,G
6、reat changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,2019/1/25,9,4每天八点开始上课。 5这个重五公斤。 6. 五年前我住在北京。,Classes begin at eight every day.,The box weighs five kilos.,I lived in Beijing five years ago.,2019/1/25,10,8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,In autumn, some birds fly to t
7、he south.,My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,2019/1/25,11,16. Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗不咬人. A willing helper doesnt wait until he is asked.乐于助人者总是主动助人. 18. 虽然在下大雨, 但火车还是准时到达.The train arrived on time though it raine
8、d hard . 19. 他通过乞讨为生.He lives by begging . 20. 这里有些动物已经灭绝了.Some animals here have died out.,2019/1/25,12,23. 我的腿还在疼.My leg still hurts. 24. 火已经熄灭了.The fire has gone out. 25.最后他们赢了.They won in the end. 26. 1937年爆发了抗日战争.The Anti-Japanese broke out in 1937. 27. 表坏了。The clock doesnt work now.,2019/1/25,
9、13,39.校长笑着进来了。The headmaster came in with a laugh/smile. 40. 这间房子的窗户朝南。The window of this house faces south. 41. 你是谁没关系. 但你会干什么有关系。It doesnt matter who you are , but it matters what you can do. 42. 我在这里一直等到10 点钟。I waited here until 10 oclock. 43. 他急急忙忙地走了。He left in a hurry. 44. 两天后,天放晴了。Two days la
10、ter , it cleared up in the end.,2019/1/25,14,45.汽车的价格会下降的. The price of the car will go down/fall. 46. 这本杂志什么时候会出版?When will the magazine come out ? 47. 这个工程什么时候开工?When will the project start ?48. 他为什么哭了?Why did he cry ? 49. 这个事情怎么发生的?How did it happen ? 50. 除了你，还有三个人赢了。Besides you , three other peo
11、ple also won .,2019/1/25,15,英语基本句型-3 主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物动词+宾语构成。 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。 如： 1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow.,2019/1/25,16,3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She sto
12、pped teaching English two years ago. 5. Mother promises to give me a present.,2019/1/25,17,巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,2019/1/25,18,4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7他不知道说什麽
13、好。,They have carried out the plan successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.,He did not know what to say.,2019/1/25,19,8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实的男孩。9. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。10. 我开窗户你介意吗？,All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,Do you mi
14、nd my opening the window?,Jim cannot dress himself.,2019/1/25,20,英语基本句型4 双宾语结构说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者
15、，表示为了某人，替某人。,2019/1/25,21,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,2019/1/25,22,巩固练习： 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？,M
16、r. Johnson taught us German last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,2019/1/25,23,4他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,Shall I call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a
17、 lot of labour.,He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,2019/1/25,24,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom mo
18、nitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. We should keep the plants in the shade.,2019/1/25,25,用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡。 即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,2019/1/25,26,巩固练习： 1我们叫她Alice。2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。,They have set th
19、e thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,We call her Alice.,We all consider him honest.,2019/1/25,27,5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发。8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let he
20、r go out at night.,2019/1/25,28,12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,2019/1/25,29,英语基本句型6 There be
21、 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如 1. There stands a hill in the middle of the park. 2. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,2019/1/25,30,Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致
22、，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be ,2019/1/25,31,巩固练习： 1这个村子
23、过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3天气预报说下午有大风。,There was only a well in the village.,Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,2019/1/25,32,4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的。6恰好那时房里没人。,The light is on. There must be someone in the
24、 office.,There used to be a cinema here before the war.,There happened to be nobody in the room.,2019/1/25,33,7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 8公共汽车来了。10铃响了。,Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,There comes the bus.,There goes the bell.,2019/1/25,34,练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型 Your sister dances bea
25、utifully. 主+谓 This food looks inviting. 主+系+表 3.They kept their marriage a secret. 主+谓+宾+宾补 4.Good keeps you healthy. 主+谓+宾+宾补,2019/1/25,35,5.The palaces were large and beautiful. 主+系+表 6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. 主+系+表,2019/1/25,36,8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground. 主+谓+宾 9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse. 主+谓+宾 10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment. 主+谓+宾+宾补,
