1、Unit 4 Growing up,Grammar (2),B: Using since, till and until,1.How to use since,since 译作“自从以来”,(1)接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。,(2)接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。,(3)接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I
2、 met her last time. / Lily has stayed at home since she left school. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。,(4)用于句型“Its / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时状语从句”中，译作“自从以来, 已经(时间)了”。如Its / has been three months since he moved to this city要求：主句的谓v.用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 (5)用于句型“一段
3、时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从以来, (时间)已经过去了”。如上个例句还可写成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。 (6)注：当since用于否定句时，主句的谓v.可以是终止性动词。如 He hasnt seen the film since last month.,(7)相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on.
4、,注:ever since作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用 如:,I have given up smoking ever since.,另外，还可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重语气而已。如:,I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.,(8) since还可引导原因状语从句，译作“由于；因为”，相当于because。如:,Since he was lazy, he didnt finish his homework.,2. How to use till and until,Till and unti
5、l mean up to a certainly time. Until can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence, but till is usually used in the middle of the sentence.,a. 用于肯定句作“直到为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到until / till所表示的时间为止。例如： 1). He waits until / till the children are asleep.他等着直到孩子们睡熟。 2). I shall stay here unti
6、l / till twelve oclock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。,b.用于否定句作“在以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until / till 所表示的时间才发生。例如：,He couldnt ride until / till he was fifteen years old. 他直到十五岁才会骑自行车。 c.用于“not.until.”的句式可以转换成when 或after引导时间状语从句，但主句必须要用肯定形式。例如： 1).They didnt get off until the train came to a complete sto
7、p.=They got off after the train came to a complete stop. 火车停了他们才下车。 2). The student wont come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work.=The students will come into the classroom when the teachers finish their work. 当老师们完成工作时，学生们将走进教室。 d.用于延续性动词的肯定或否定句中，但含义不同。例如： 1). The meeting contin
8、ued until / till 7:00. 会议一直开到七点。 2). We didnt have the meeting until /till 7:00. 直到七点我们才结束会议。,e. 用于“It is / was not until.that”或含有“not.until.”的强调结构中，其中的until不能改为till。例如： 1). It was not until the film had begun that he arrived. 直到电影开始他才到。 2). It is not until 8:00 that we begin our class every day. 我们
9、每天八点开始上课。 f. Not until放在句首时，句子要倒装，其中的until不能改为till 。例如： 1). Not until the last moment did he change his mind. 直到最后一刻他才改变主意。 2). Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜雨才停。,g.句首通常只用until,不用till。例如： 1). Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那之前，我对此事一无所知。 2). Until you told me I had no idea
10、 of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。 h.某些固定词组或谚语中通常只用till。例如： 1). from morning till night 从早到晚。 2). up till now直到现在,B1.Practise: Fill in the blanks with since, till or until.,1.I have been crazy about playing basketball _ I was a little boy. 2.The weather has been awful this week. The rain did not stop_ for sev
11、en days. 3.We played basketball in the playground this afternoon_ it was getting dark. 4.It is the first time we have played basketball_Monday. We enjoyed ourselves very much. 5.I waited for 20 minutes at the bus stop_ the bus arrived. 6.It is Friday evening. I will not go to bed_ Ifinisg watching m
12、y favourite TV programme.,since,until,until/till,since,until/till,until,D. Using as soon as and whenever,1.How to use as soon as,As soon as means when something happens, or a short time after something has happened.,as soon as 的用法一般是两种情况：,1)指未发生的动作，规律是：主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时,如： I will tell him the
13、news as soon as he comes back。,注：有时时,为了特意表达刚刚完成某事就如何如何,需要用现在完成时。 如：I will go with you as soon as I have washed my face.,2）指紧接着发生的两个短动作，主从句都用一般过去时 如：He took out his English books as soon as he sat down.不过，我也见过从句和主句都用一般现在时的情况。 如：As soon as he finishes his classwork, he runs out of the class.他一做完课堂作业，就
14、跑出了教室。,2. How to use wheneverWhenever means at any timewhenever的用法一般是两种情况:1). conj. 每当 Whenever she comes, she brings a friend. 她每次来都带个朋友。2). ad. 不论何时, 每逢Ill discuss it with you whenever you like.你愿意什麽时候我就什麽时候和你商量这件事.,C1. Practise: Fill in the blanks with as soon as or whenever.,1. David often goes
15、to play basketball_ school is over. 2.He watches the NBA_ there is a game on TV. 3._ he talks about basketball, he gets excited. 4._ he learnt that the NBA players would come to China, he tried his best to get a ticket.,as soon as,whenever,As soon as,Whenever,C2: Complete the following article with
16、the correct conjunctions you have learnt in this unit.,Yao Ming was born in Shanghai in 1980. He got his first basketball_ he was only four years old, but he did not become serious about basketball_ he was 12.Yao joined the Houston Rockets in 2002 and became the best Chinese player to ever play in t
17、he NBA._ he went to the USA, he knew little English, but he quickly learnt the language. The best moment in his career was in 2004-he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China_ he was needed. He took part in the Olympics in 2004 an
18、d in 2008 as one of the Chinese athletes._ he ended his basketball career, Yao Ming has done more charity work, especially for poor Chinese teenagers,when,until,When/Before,whenever,After,D: Choose the correct answer.,( )1. You cant watch TV_ you finish your homework.A. before B. if C. while D. afte
19、r ( )2. -Whats your plan this summer holiday?-Ill go to Beijing_ the school team endsA. whenever B. till C. as soon as D. before ( )3. _ I was in the US, I made many American friends.A. While B. Although C. Unless D. Until ( )4. Many students didnt realize the importance of study_ they left school.A. when B. until C. as D. after ( )5.You should go over your test paper_ you hand it in.A. before B. when C. while D. after,A,A,D,A,C,Homework1. Prepare for Integtated skills2. Do after school exercises,
