1、 1 2018 (1) 1 1 (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) 2 (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (2012 T5)( ) (3) ( ) (4) (2012 T3)( ) (5) ( ) (6) DNA RNA ( ) 3 (1) (2013 T2 A)( ) (2) (2015 )( ) (3) (2015 )( ) (4) (2015 )( ) 4 (1) (2014 T1 B)( ) (2) (2013 T1 A)( ) (3) (2012 T1 A)( ) (4) (2012 T1 D)( ) (5) (2010 T9 B)( ) (6) (2012
2、 T1 C)( ) (7) ( ) (8)Ca Mg Fe Mn Zn Cu B Mo ( ) 5 (1) (2014 T5 A)( ) (2) (2014 T5 C)( ) (3) (2015 )( ) (4) (2015 )( ) (5) (2014 )( ) (6) CaCO3 (2015 )( ) 7 (1) (2013 T1 C)( ) (2)DNA RNA (2013 T1 B)( ) 2 (3) DNA ATP (2010 T1 B)( ) (4)DNA RNA (2010 T1 A)( ) (5)DNA RNA (2008 T37 C)( ) (6) (2011 T16 A)(
3、 ) (7) SARS DNA RNA ( ) 8 (1) (2013 T1 C)( ) (2) (2013 T1 A)( ) (3) (2013 T1 D)( ) (4) (2010 T1 B)( ) (5) (2012 T17 B)( ) (6) (2009 T1 B)( ) (7) (2013 T1 A)( ) (8) ( ) (9) (2009 T1 D)( ) (10) (2009 T21 D)( ) 10 (1) (2013 T1 A)( ) (2) (2010 T4 B)( ) (3) (2011 T1 A)( ) (4) (2012 T1 D)( ) (5) (2010 T4
4、A)( ) (6) B (2010 T1 A)( ) (7) (2011 T1 D)( ) 11 (1) (2013 T1 B)( ) (2) RNA (2010 T1 D)( ) (3) (2009 T1 D )( ) (4) (2011 T1 D)( ) (5) ( ) 12 (1)RNA (2014 T1 C)( ) (2) (2013 T1 B)( ) (3) (2013 T1 D)( ) (4) (2013 T1 C)( ) (5) (2013 T1 D)( ) (6) (2012 T4 B)( ) (7) (2012 T5 D)( ) (8) (2010 T1 B)( ) 3 (9
5、) ( ) 13 (1) (2011 T1 D)( ) (2) (2011 T1 C)( ) (3) (2011 T1 D)( ) (4) ( ) (5) ( ) (6) ( ) (7) ( ) (8) ( ) (9) ( ) (10) ( ) 14 (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) 15 (1) (2013 T1 A)( ) (2) (2013 T1 C)( ) (3) (2013 T1 B)( ) (4) (2012 T11 D)( ) (5) (2011 T3 B)( ) (6) ATP (2010 T4 A)( ) (7) (2009 T3 B)( ) (
6、8) (2009 T3 D)( ) 19 (1) (2011 T14 A)( ) (2) (2009 T1 B)( ) (3) (2009 T1 A)( ) (4) (2011 T14 D)( ) (5) (2012 T4 B)( ) (6) (2013 T3 A)( ) (7) (2013 T3 B)( ) (8) (2013 T3 C)( ) 20 ATP (1)1 ATP 1 3 (2015 )( ) 4 (2) ATP(2012 T1 A)( ) (3) ATP (2008 T4 A)( ) (4) ATP ADP (2008 T6 )( ) (5) ATP ( ) 21 (1) (2
7、013 T3 D)( ) (2) (2013 T3 A)( ) (3) ( ) (4) (2011 T3 A)( ) (5) (2010 T2 A)( ) (6) H (2010 T2 B)( ) (7) O2 H (2010 T2 C)( ) 22 (1) a b (2012 T9 A)( ) (2) (2011 T12 D)( ) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) (5) H H2O(2010 T4 A)( ) (6) O2 (2011 T1 A)( ) (7) ATP NADPHH CO2 ( ) ( ) (8) ATP ( ) 23 (1) DNA (2013 T3 A)( ) (2)
8、(2013 T3 C)( ) (3) (2013 T3 D)( ) (4) DNA (2012 T1 B)( ) (5) (2010 T3 A)( ) (6) (2010 T3 C)( ) (7) (2009 T23 A)( ) (8) (2009 T23 C)( ) (9) ( ) (10) ( ) 5 2018 (1) 2 24 (1) (2012 T1 C)( ) (2) Y (2008 T8 B)( ) (3) (2011 T22 B)( ) (4) ( ) (5) ( ) (6) (2010 T3 B)( ) (7) 1/2 23 (2010 T21 D)( ) (8) ( ) (9
9、)1 1 1 4 ( ) (10) ( ) (11) ( ) 25 (1) (2013 T6 C)( ) (2) (2013 T6 D)( ) (3) (2012 T16 A )( ) (4) (2011 T1 A )( ) (5) (2011 T2 A)( ) (6)ATP (2009 T2 B )( ) 26 (1) (2013 T7 B)( ) (2) (2012 T3 A)( ) (3) DNA (2012 T3 D)( ) (4) (2012 T3 C)( ) (5) (2011 T5 C)( ) (6) ( ) 7) (2013 T2 A)( ) (8) (2013 T2 B)(
10、) (9) (2013 T2 C)( ) 27 (1) (2009 T14 A)( ) (2) (2009 T14 C)( ) 6 (3) (2009 T7 B)( ) (4) (2009 T14 D)( ) (5) (2009 T7 C)( ) (6)F1 1 1 ( ) (7)A a A A a a ( ) (8) ( ) (9) ( ) (10)DD dd AABB AAbb Dd AaBb Aabb AabbCCdd ( ) (11) ( ) (12) ( ) (13) ( ) 28 (1) F1 4 ( ) (2) ( ) (3) AaBBccDD 8( ) (4) 3 1 ( ) (5) ( ) (6) ( ) 29 (1) ( ) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) (4) X ( ) (5) ( (7) (2012 T10 A)( ) (8) ( ) (9) X Y ( ) (10)
