1、1一、猜测词义题简介考察学生对于阅读材料中挑出单词或短语，对其进行解释。二、猜测词义提问方式1. The underlined word/phrase/sentence “” means/refers to_.2. According to the passage, the word “” properly means_.3. By “”, the author means_.4. In this story, the underlined word “” means _.5. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “”?6.
2、Which of the following can best replace the word “”?三、猜测词义题解题方法1. 根据上下文语境进行猜测。这是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，如因果关系、同义词、反义词、定义等猜测词义。2. 利用构词法进行猜测。英语中最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。1). 派生法在一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，一般只改变词义。加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。如：词汇题知识精讲2常见的否定前缀有：un-, dis-, im-, in-, mis
3、-,常见的形容词后缀有：- ful, -ing, -ed, -y, -able, - ible, -ical, -al,2). 合成法把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词。如：cold-blooded 冷血的 kind-hearted 心肠好的 high-class 高级的3). 转化法一种词类转化为一种或几种词类。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词意义有密切联系。如：face 脸 face 面对 nurse 护士 nurse 护理daily 每日的 daily 日报 waste 浪费 w
4、aste 废物3. 根据释义猜词词义。释义常有定语从句或由is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called, be known as 等词汇或破折号“” ，冒号“：”等标点符号引出解释。4. 指代类型词义猜测正确选项符合两个特征：(1). 前文中的重复词；(2). 正确选项符合句义。一、考点：阅读理解中不可避免会遇到一些生词（部分是熟词偏义） ，这要求同学们能根据上下文（语境）和构词法等，迅速准确地猜测出词义。这就是我们词义猜测题的考查内容。题模一：通过上下文语境猜测词义例 1.1.1Some people worry that teens
5、 with after-school jobs will have difficulty finding time for schoolwork. Actually, having a job helps teens make better use of their time. Instead of considering working after school a hindrance, it should be looked at as real-world education.1. The underlined word “ hindrance” in Paragraph 2 proba
6、bly means “_”.三点剖析题模精选3Asomething that encourages teens to studyBsomething that helps teens improve studyCsomething that prevents teens from studyingDsomething that makes teens lose interest in study题模二：通过构词法猜测词义例 1.2.1This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed follo
7、wing the use-by dates. “We want this to be clearly communicated so customers are not misinterpreting the information and wasting a lot of food,”.1. The underlined word “misinterpreting” probably means_.Apaying attention toBtaking no notice ofCmaking guesses aboutDhaving a wrong idea about题模三：通过同义词或反
8、义词猜测词义例 1.3.1Imposed_Time: Activities including unexpected and difficult or dangerous situations which happen suddenly and which require quick action to deal with them.1. What does the underlined phrase “ Imposed Time ” means?AUnreasonable time.BValuable time.CBusy time.DUnpredictable time.例 1.3.2 T
9、he question is: Why do schools teach music in a way that turns off so many young people rather than catch their imagination? Can we do a better job of using the power of music to get kids excited about school?1. The expression “turn off” in Paragraph 1 means “_”.4Amake kids feel coolBmake kids feel
10、boredCmake kids feel confidentDmake kids feel nervous题模四：通过释义猜测词义例 1.4.1Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion_designers for their own Barbies. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie
11、.Whats the meaning of the underline words “fashion designers” in the passage?A珠宝设计师 B发型设计师 C舞台设计师 D服装设计师题模五：通过常识猜测词义例 1.5.1It was a great way to get his mind off what he had to do later. As they got close to the school, he could feel his heart beating. His hands were starting to sweat. He hated this
12、!1. What does the underlined word “sweat” probably mean?A触摸 B鼓掌 C出汗 D指点随练 1.1E-waste is fast becoming a serious problem around the world. This report will examine this problem and provide some possible ways to solve it.We live in a society that is producing and using electronics(电子产品) all the time.
13、It is often cheaper to buy new products than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies always encourage people to change their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away old ones. In the EU alone, about 8,700,000 tons of e-
14、waste is produced each year. Sadly, just over 1,000,000 tons is recycled.Burying(填埋) e-waste or burning it cause serious problems for the 随堂练习5environment. Electronics have dangerous things in them. These things can then get into the ground or pollute the air when they are burnt.In recent years, _.
15、However, their plans are not always managed properly. Sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana. Here they are often burnt in public areas, which is very bad for peoples health. Setting up recycling centers is a good way to solve this problem. E-cycling centers could recycl
16、e the parts that can be reused and deal with the rest properly.Another way is to make producers responsible(负责任) for their used products. This means that producers must take back old products which are no longer wanted. They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused.As for us, we sh
17、ould try to cut down on e-waste. Change electronics only when we have to. And dont buy a product just to have the latest model.E-waste is a serious problem in the modern world. Both producers and users must take actions and try to keep it to the smallest amount.1. According to the passage, it is oft
18、en _ to buy new electronics than to repair old ones.Amore expensiveBmore difficultCcheaperDworse2. In the passage the underlined word “they” refers to _.Athe old productsBthe producersCthe usersDthe new products3. Which of the following is the best for the blank in Paragraph 4?Athe e-waste problem h
19、as been solvedBthe e-waste problem continues growingCmany countries have started recycling e-wasteDpeople havent realized the e-waste problem yet4. Which sentence shows the writers opinion?6ABurning e-waste causes problems for the environment.BE-waste problem is very serious and people should take a
20、ctions.CSometimes electronics are sent to poor countries such as Ghana.DIn the EU alone, about 8,700,000 tons of e-waste is produced each year.随练 1.2No one else knew about the extra (额外的) club in Zach Nashs golf bag. It belonged to a friend, and Zach forgot it was there as he played his way to win i
21、n a junior tournament (锦标赛) this summer in Wisconsin, US.The 14-year-old accepted his medal, and celebrated with grandparents who had come from a long way to watch. But when he stopped by his country club to share the news, a professional player noticed something wrong. “Count your clubs,“ he told t
22、he teenager.Fifteenone more than allowed. Zachs eyes filled with tears.If Zach had just won a basketball or a soccer game and someone had discovered an offence (违反) after the win, it would not have mattered.Bending the rules has become acceptable, if not encouraged, in many sports. It is nothing unu
23、sual for soccer players to make a turtle dive (假摔) in the hope of breaking rules.Golf is different. In a win at all costs world, the game holds itself to a higher standard.Golf isnt a game where referees (裁判) watch closely. In golf tournaments, dozens of competitors are spread across acres of land,
24、so officials cannot hope to see each shot. Competitors call punishments on themselves.Players feel the weight of history. Golf began at least the 15th century, but it became popular as a pastime for the wealthy who seemed to always have strict rules of behavior, even when it came to shooting at each
25、 other in rights.“It was a sport for gentlemen, not laborers, and gentlemen did not care about winning. They cared about doing the right thing,“ said Robert Simon, a golf coach at Hamilton College in New York.Honesty became a symbol of honor. When one of the games early stars, Bobby Jones, was prais
26、ed for calling a penalty on himself at the 1925 US Open. He replied, “You might as well praise a man for not robbing a bank.”So even the error had no effect on Zachs final scorehe never used the extra club, the teenager packed up his medal and dropped it in the mail. “But this was golf, and rules ar
27、e rules. I just knew what I had to do,” he said.7Then came another tournament. Before teeing_off, Zach counted his clubs four times.1. Zach Nash returned the medal he won in the junior tournament because _.Ahe was caught cheating by a playerBhe decided to follow the rules of golfChe used another pla
28、yers club by mistakeDhe made a mistake counting his final score2. Which of the following statements about golf is TRUE according to the passage?AIn golf, honor comes before win.BEarly golf players didnt care about the rules.CGolf players usually do whatever it takes to win.DGolf referees watch each
29、shot and call punishments.3. The underlined phrase “teeing off ” in the last paragraph probably means “_”.Agetting startedBgetting caughtCleavingDwinning4. What is probably the best title of the passage?AZachs medal.BThe history of golf.CHonesty counts in golf.DGolf is rich mens game.随练 1.3Almost ev
30、ery Chinese person can recite(背诵 ) the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work ”. But sadly, many of us dont actually get the real meaning of these lines: Dont waste food.8ACCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed
31、 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.Chinese people are well-known for being fr
32、iendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of s
33、aving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some leftover food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized the waste of food.What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tipd:* Dont order too much
34、in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.* Dont leave any food in your bowls while having meals.* Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Dont buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.1. How many people w
35、ere hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Food Program?A200 million.BSix million.C925 million.D625 million.2. What does the writer want to show us through Li Hongs story?AMany Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food.BMany Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the
36、 weak.CChinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food.DMany Chinese people dont agree with the behavior of wasting food.3. The underlined word “leftover” means _ in Chinese.A过期的B剩余的9C腐烂的D难吃的4. According to the passage, we shouldnt waste food because _.Afood comes from very
37、hard workBsix million children die of hunger every dayCthere is enough food to feed all the peopleDChinese are hospitable and generous随练 1.4To stop the childhood obesity epidemic(流行 ), health experts have long strongly advised parents to make healthy changes to their familys lifestylesuch as eating
38、healthily, reducing TV time, exercising and getting a good nights sleep.These behaviors have been linked to a lower risk of obesity in kids, but researchers at Ohio State University were interested in learning whether their effect might be cumulativethat is, whether families who adopted(采用) not just
39、 one but two or more of these behaviors could reduce their childrens risk of obesity even further.Led by Sarah Anderson, researchers studied data on 8,550 children in a national study, and found that indeed children who practiced two healthy lifestyle behaviors were slimmer than those who adopted on
40、ly one behavior, while youngsters who implemented three beneficial habits were the least likely to be overweight.“If children had all three practices, their risk(风险) of obesity was 40% lower than children who had none of the routines(常规).” Anderson says.The three behaviors that Anderson studied were
41、 eating dinner regularly with the family, limiting the amount of time in front of the TV, and getting enough sleep. The children who were least likely to be too fat ate dinner with their families six or seven times a week, slept for at least 10.5 hours each night and watched less than two hours of t
42、elevision per day.The findings suggest that adopting these routines can be a powerful way for families to encourage healthy weight in their children, Anderson says.In addition, says Dr. David Ludwig, director of the Optimal Weight for Life Program, the routines are relatively easy for most families
43、to adopt. “This is a beautifully simple study. It makes a very important point, and one that needs to be noticed time and again. These are all behaviors that are within the reach of us all.”101 What does the underlined word “implemented” in Paragraph 3 probably means?Achose BSupportedCPracticedDBrok
44、e2. What can you infer from the passage?AAnderson studied more behaviors than three.BDr. David Ludwig agreed for Sarah Anderson.CIts not easy for us all to adopt all behaviors.DThe more practices children had, the lower risk of obesity there was.3. Which might be the best title for the passage?AThre
45、e Habits Help Kids Be SlimmerBHow to Lead a Good LifestyleCIt Is Not Easy to Be SlimDHow to Keep Kids off TV作业 1Every month, Julia and her cousins would go for the big family meal at their grandparents house. They would always wait excitedly for the moment their grandfather would give them a few coi
46、ns. Then all the children would buy sweets. The grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents realized that, behaving like this, the children would never learn to manage their money. So they proposed a special test, the children would have to show what they could manage to get with those few coins over t
47、he course of a year.Some of the children thought that they would save their money, but Ruben and Nico, the two smallest kids, paid no attention, and they continued spending it all on sweets. Every time, they would show off their sweets in front of the other children, laughing and making fun of (取笑)
48、their cousins. They made 自我总结课后作业11Clara and Joe so angry that these two could no longer stand to keep saving their money. They joined Ruben and Nico in spending whatever they had on sweets.Monty was a clever boy, and he decided to start managing his money by exchanging it: buying and selling things
49、, or betting (打赌) it with other children, in card games. Soon he had surprised the whole family. He had saved a lot of money for little hard work. The way he was going, he would end up almost a rich man. However, Monty was not being very careful, and he hadnt a single coin left, after putting a losing bet on a horse race.Poor Julia ha
