1、英 语 阶 梯 阅 读 丛 书英 语 阶 梯 阅 读3主 编 杨 冰 聂 茸副 主 编 王 军 肖 亚 娟代 丽 娜 张 园东 北 大 学 出 版 社沈 阳9 杨 冰 聂 茸 2005图 书 在 版 编 目 ( CIP ) 数 据英 语 阶 梯 阅 读 3 / 杨 冰 , 聂 茸 主 编 . 沈 阳 : 东 北 大 学 出版 社 , 2005 . 9ISBN 7-81102-196-X . 英 . 杨 聂 . 英 语 阅 读 教 学 高 等 学校 教 材 . H319 . 4中 国 版 本 图 书 馆 CIP 数 据 核 字 ( 2005 ) 第 108552 号出 版 者 : 东 北 大 学
2、 出 版 社地 址 : 沈 阳 市 和 平 区 文 化 路 3 号 巷 1 1 号 邮 编 : 1 10 0 04电 话 : 0 24 8 3 68 7 33 1 ( 市 场 部 ) 8 3 68 0 26 7 ( 社 务 室 )传 真 : 0 24 8 3 68 0 18 0 ( 市 场 部 ) 8 3 68 0 26 5 ( 社 务 室 )E-m ail: ne up h n eupr ess . com h t tp : www . neu press. com印 刷 者 : 沈 阳 市 第 六 印 刷 厂发 行 者 : 新 华 书 店 总 店 北 京 发 行 所 幅 面 尺 寸 : 1
3、40 m m 203 m m印 张 : 4 . 375字 数 : 114 千 字出 版 时 间 : 2005 年 9 月 第 1 版印 刷 时 间 : 2005 年 9 月 第 1 次 印 刷责 任 编 辑 : 陈 明 丽 刘 宗 玉 责 任 校 对 : 薛 平封 面 设 计 : 唐 敏 智 责 任 出 版 : 秦 力定 价 : 10 . 00 元前 言新 世 纪 需 要 的 是 新 型 人 才 , 因 此 教 育 要 迎 接 新 的 挑 战 , 面 向 现 代 化 、 面 向 世 界 、 面 向 未 来 。 英 语 教 学 的 改 革 更 是 刻 不 容 缓 。 英 语 语 言 素 质 不
4、仅 表 现 在 掌 握 英 语 语 言知 识 的 深 度 , 更 表 现 在 灵 活 运 用 英 语 的 能 力 上 。 听 、 说 、 读 、 写 四 种 技 能 中 , 阅 读 能 力 的 培 养 一 直 是 英 语 教 学 中 的 重 要 一 环 , 在 各 项 英 语 测 试 中 对 阅 读 水 平 的 重 视 程 度 也 是 显 而 易 见 的 。如 何 更 快 更 好 地 提 高 学 生 的 阅 读 水 平 , 从 而 全 面 提 高 其 语 言 应 用 能 力 , 是 值 得 每 一 位 教 学 者 思 考 的 问 题 。 本 着 用 发 展 的 眼 光 探 索 英 语 教 学
5、改 革 新 思 路 的 这 样 一 个 出 发 点 , 我 们 编 写 了 这 套 英 语 阶 梯 阅 读 丛 书 。丛 书 是 根 据 2000 年 颁 布 的 英 语 教 学 大 纲 的 要 求 , 结 合 作 者 多 年 的 教 学 经 验 精 心 编 写 完 成 的 。 丛 书 与 新 教 材 同 步 , 伴 教 伴 学 , 其 突 出 的 特 点 是 立 足 课 本 , 夯 实 基 础 , 注 重 语 境 , 强 化 语 篇 意 识 , 突 出 能 力 培 养 。 丛 书 不 仅具 有 科 学 性 、 创 新 性 , 更 具 有 很 强 的 针 对 性 和 实 用 性 。本 书 为
6、英 语 阶 梯 阅 读 3 , 共 设 10 个 单 元 , 每 单 元 1 2 选 择 的 文 章 风 格 迥 异 、 内 容 丰 富 、 形 式 多 样 ; 力 求 贴 近 生 活 , 与 时 俱 进 。 书 后 给 出 测 试 题 参 考 答 案 。希 望 该 书 能 成 为 教 师 教 学 的 好 帮 手 , 学 生 学 习 的 好 伙 伴 , 在 减 轻 学 习 负 担 的 同 时 , 为 全 面 实 施 英 语 素 质 教 育 做 出 贡 献 。 由 于 时 间 仓 促 , 水 平 有 限 , 书 中 难 免 有 不 尽 如 人 意 之 处 , 恳 请 广 大 读 者 不 吝 赐
7、教 。杨 冰2005 年 5 月CONTENTSUnit 1 Making a Difference 1Unit 2 News Media 15Unit 3 Art and Architect ure 28Unit 4 A Garden of Poems 40Unit 5 The British Isles 52Unit 6 Life in th e Fu ture 65Unit 7 Living with Disease 78Unit 8 First Did 92Unit 9 Saving t he Earth 105Unit 10 F rightening Nature 119参 考 答
8、案 132Un it 1M a k in g a Di f fer en cePa s sage ASt e ph en William H awkin g w as b or n on J a nua r y 8 , 1942(300 y ea rs a ft er th e dea th of Ga lileo ) in Ox for d , E n gla n d . H is pa r ent sh ouse was in n or t h L o n d on , but durin g Wo rld Wa r I I , O xfor d wa s consi dere d a s
9、a fer pla ce t o h a ve bab ies . Wh en h ewa s eigh t , his fa mily m ov ed t o St Alba ns, a t own a b out 20miles n or th of Lo n d on . At eleven St e ph en wen t t o St Alba ns S ch oo l , a n d t hen on t o U n iversit y Colleg e Ox for d , h is fat h ers old co llege . St ep hen wa n t ed t o
10、 d o m at h em a tics , a lt h ough h isfa th er w oul d ha ve pr efer r e d m e dicine . Ma th em at ics wa s n ot a va ilab le at U n iversit y Colle ge , s o h e did p h ysics inst ea d . Aft er t hr ee y ea rs a n d n ot ver y much wor k h e wa s aw ar de d a f irst class h on our d egree in N a
11、t ur a l Scien ce .St e ph en t h en wen t on t o Ca m brid ge t o d o r ese a r ch in 1 C os m ology, for there w as no one w orking in that area in O xford at the ti m e . H is supervisor w as D enis Scia m a, although he had hoped to get Fred H oyle w ho w as w orking in C a m bridge . A fter gai
12、ning his P h . D . , he beca m e first a R esearch Fel o w , and later on a Professional Fel o w at G onvil e and C aius C ol ege . A fter leaving the Institute of Astro no m y in 1973 , Step hen ca m e to the D epart m ent of A p plied M athe m atics and T heoretical P hysics, and since 1979 has he
13、ld the post of Lucasian Professor of M athe m atics. T he chair w as founded in 1663 with m oney left in the wil of the R everend H enry L ucas, w ho had been the M e m ber of Parlia m ent for the U niversity . It w as first held by Isaac B arro w , an d then in 1669 by Isaac N e wto n .Stephen H a
14、w king has w orked on the basic la ws w hich govern the universe . W ith R oger Penrose he sho w ed that Einsteins G eneral T heory of R elativity i m plied ( 暗 示 ) space and tim e w ould have a begin ning in the Big Bang ( 大 爆 炸 ) an d an end in black holes. T hese results sho w ed it w as necessar
15、y to unify ( 统 一 ) G eneral R elativity with Q uantu m T heory ( 量 子 理论 ) , the other great scientific develop m ent of the first half of the 20th C entury . O ne result of such a unification that he discovered w as that black holes should not be co m pletely black , but should e mit radiation ( 发 出
16、 射 线 ) and eventual y evaporate and disappear. A nother conjecture ( 推 测 ) is that the universe has no edge or boundary in i m aginary tim e . T his w ould im ply that the w ay the universe began w as co m pletely deter m ined by the la ws of science .1. . W hich of the Fol o wing state m ents about
17、 Step hen H a w king is N O T true ?A . H e first w ent to the sa m e col ege as his father did .B . At the beginning he did physics w hich w as against his interest.C . H e w as a w arded a first class honour degree in N atural Science .D . H e left O xford to Ca m bridge to do m athe m atics.2. .
18、T he underlined w ord“ C os m ology”in the second paragraph is m ost probably about .A . m athe m atics B . universeC . m edicine D . la w s of science3. . Put the follo wing facts about Step hen H a w king in order of tim e :a . being a w arded a first class honour degree b . beco m ing a R esearch
19、 F ello wc. . beco ming a Professional Fel o wd. . h olding the post of L ucasian Professor of M athe m atics A . a , c , b , d B . a , b , d , cC . b , a , c, d D . a , b , c, d4. . Stephen H a w kings theory about universe is .A . black h oles of universe should be co m pletely blackB . G eneral R
20、elativity and Q uantu m T heory should be unifiedC . black holes should e mit radiation and eventual y evaporate and disappearD . the w ay the universe began w as deter mined by la w s 3 P assa ge BIt w as early m orning . Peter C orbett helped M ark W ellm an out of his w heelchair and onto the gro
21、und . T hey stood before El C apitan , a huge m ass of rocks alm ost three-quarters of a mile high in Californias beautiful Y ose m ite V al ey . It had been M arks drea m to clim b El C apitan for as long as he could re m e m ber. But h o w could a person without the use of his legs hope to try to
22、cli m b it ?M ark k ne w he couldn t finish the clim b alone, but his frien d Peter, an expert rock clim ber, w ould be there to lend a helping hand . H e and M ark thought that it w ould take seven days to reach the top .Peter clim bed about 100 feet up and ha m m ered a piton ( 岩 钉 ) into the rock
23、 . Fastening one end of a 165-foot rope to the pito n, he let one en d of the rope fall do w n . M ark caught the rope and fastened it to his belt with a special instru m ent. T his instru m ent w ould al o w M ark to m ove up w ard , but w ould prevent him fro m falling even as m uch as a single in
24、ch . H e next reached above his head and fastened a T-shaped bar to the rope , using the sa m e kind of instru m ent.M ark took a deep breath , pushed the T-bar up alm ost as far as his ar m s could reach , and began the first of the 7 , 000 pul -ups needed to reach the top . High above , Peter let
25、out a cheer,“ Y oure on your w ay . ”Seven years before , at the age of tw enty-one, M ark had 4 fallen w hile m ou ntain clim bing , injuring his backbo ne . T he fal cost hi m the use of his legs, but he never lost his love of adventure or his joyful spirit.F or the first four days the tw o m en p
26、rogressed steadily up w ard without incident. But on the fifth day an un bearably hot win d began to blo w , and as tim e w ent by , it beca m e stro nger an d stro nger , causing M ark to sw ay ( 摇 摆 ) violently on his rope . But M ark kept on deter m inedly pushing up the T-bar and pul ing him sel
27、f up . In spite of that, he had to ad mit that he felt a lot better w hen the wind finally died do w n and his body touched solid rock again .It took the m one day m ore than they had expected , but on July 26 at 1 : 45 in the afternoon , the cro w d of people w aiting on the to p w ent wild with jo
28、y as the t w o heads appeared . M ark W el m an had sho w n that if you set your heart and m ind on a goal, no w all is too high , no drea m is im possible .1. . W hat had M ark W el m an long desired to do ?A . To finish one of the m ost difficult rock clim bs in the world .B . T o be the first to
29、clim b El Capitan .C . T o clim b the highest m ountain in C alifornia .D . T o help his friend Peter clim b El C apitan .2. . H o w did M ark cli m b the m ountain ?A . H e fastened the rope to his w heelchair .B . H e ha m m ered in pitons so that he had so m ething to hold on to .C . H e held o n
30、 to the T-bar and Peter pul ed him up .D . He pul ed him self up using a T-bar and special equip m ent. 5 3. . H o w did M ark lose the use of his legs ?A . H e lost his footing and fell fro m the side of a m ountain .B . H e fell during his first atte m pt o n El C apitan .C . H is legs w ere bro k
31、en by the falling rocks.D . W hile w orking out in the gy m , he injured his backbone.4. . W hat w as the w orst proble m M ark had during the clim b ?A . H e struck against the rock and hurt his ar m s. B . A strong wind ble w him a w ay fro m the rock . C . H e kept fal ing several inches.D . W hi
32、le s w aying in space, he beca m e terrified .5. . H o w did M ark react to difficulties during the cli m b ?A . H e ad mitted that he w as frightened .B . H e often w orried about his friends conditio n .C . H e w as able to re m ain calm and deter m ined .D . H e w as joking to cheer him self up .
33、P assa ge CIt doesnt m atter w hen or h o w m uch a person sleeps, but everyone needs so m e rest to stay alive . T hats w hat all doctors thought, until they heard about Al H erpin . Al H erpin , it w as said , never slept. C ould this be true ? T he doctors decided to see this strange m an the m s
34、elves.Al H erpin w as 90 years old w hen the doctors ca m e to his ho m e in N e w Jersey . T hey thought for sure that he got so m e sleep of so m e kin d . So they stayed with him and w atched every m ove m ent he m ade . B ut they w ere surprised . T hough they 6 w atched hi m hour after hour and
35、 day after day , they never sa w H erpin sleeping . In fact, he did not even o w n a bed . H e never needed one .T he o nly rest that H erpin so m etim es got w as sitting in a co m fortable chair an d reading ne wspapers. T he doctors w ere puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness . T hey f
36、oun d only o ne answ er that might explain his condition . H erpin re m e m bered so m e talk about his m other having been injured several days before he w as born . B ut that w as all. W as this the real reaso n ? N o one could be sure . H erpin died at the age of94 .1. . T he m ain idea of this p
37、assage is that .A . large nu m bers of people do not need sleepB . a person w ho actually didnt need any sleep w as foun d C . everyone needs so m e sleep to stay aliveD . people can live longer by trying not to sleep2. . T he doctors ca m e to visit H erpin , expecting to .A . cure him of his sleep
38、lessnessB . fin d that his sleeplessness w as not really trueC . find a w ay to free people fro m the need of sleeping D . find out w hy so m e old people didnt need any sleep3. . A fter w atching hi m closely , the doctors ca m e to believe that Al H erpin .A . w as too old to need any sleep B . of
39、ten slept in a chairC . needed on sleep at alD . needed so m e kind of sleep 7 4. . O ne reason that might explain H erpin s sleeplessness w as.A . that he hadnt got a bedB . that he had gradual y got tired of the sleeping habit C . his m others injury before he w as bornD . his m agnificent physica
40、l con ditionP assa ge DW hen Bil w as a student, he w as w ell ahead of his classm ates in m athe m atics and science. H e needed to go to a school that chal enged hi m . H is parents decided to send him to Lakeside an al -boysschool for exceptional students. It w as Seattles m ost exclusive school
41、and w as noted for its rigorous acade m ic de m ands, a place w here“ even the du m b kids w ere s m art”. L akeside al o w ed students to pursue their o w n interests, to w hatever extent they wished . It w as the ideal environ m ent for so m eone like Bill G ates.A t fourteen , Bill w as already w
42、 riting short progra m s for the co m puter to perfor m . E arly ga m e progra m s such as Tic- T ac- T oe , N oughts an d Crosses, an d L unar Lan ding w ere w ritten in w hich w as to beco m e Bil s second language, B A SI C .B A SI C w as a success because until it ca m e along there had been no
43、efficient ( 高 效 的 ) w ay of getting co m puters to carry out instructions. Although he had not yet co m pleted his degree, G ates left H arvard an d w ent to w ork ful tim e for the co m pany 8 he had for m ed cal ed M icrosoft.His next project w as the soft w are progra m that m ade hi m fa m ous a
44、nd very rich . It w as cal ed D O S , short for D isk O perating Syste m , and it w as bought by IB M in 1980 . T oday it is the operating syste m used in m ore than 14 mil ion perso nal co m puters around the w orld .A s chief executive officer of M icrosoft, G ates is k no w n as a brilliant m an
45、, but one w ho is not easily satisfied . T o m ost people no w , G ates is a person w h o is, in spite of his great w ealth , hu m ble and ordinary . H e spends his m oney careful y . H e eats in fast food restaurants and flies eco no m y class. A n d w hen praised for M icrosofts great success, he
46、has been heard to say,“ Al w e do is to put softw are in a box and if people see it in the stores and like it, they buy it. ”1. . W hen G ates w as a student, he w as good at .A . history and science B . politics and m athe m atics C . history and politics D . science and m athe m atics2. . G ates f
47、or m ed the ne w co m pany M icrosoft .A . because he did not w ant to stay at university B . and left university to w ork there ful tim eC . because he w as already w orking on D O SD . because he could not use D O S w hile he w as at university3. . m ade him fa m ous and very rich .A . H is co m p
48、any M icrosoftB . His idea to sel his softw are progra m s C . T he softw are progra m D O SD . B A SIC 9 4. . M ost peo ple think of G ates , in spite of his rich ness.A . as a crazy personB . as a person w h o lives an expensive w ay of lifeC . as a proud person w ho is only interested in m aking
49、m oney D . as a quite ordinary , nor m al personP ass ag e EC o m puter progra m m er D avid Jones earned 35 , 000 a year by designing ne w co m puter ga m es, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a check card . Instead , he has been told to w ait another tw o years until he is 18 .H e w orks for a s m al fir m in Liverpool, w here m ost young of his age are finding jobs. D avids biggest headache is w hat to do with his m o ney . T hough he has high
