1、第6节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致),专题一 第二部分 基础语法,时态和语态是语法填空和短文改错的必考点，主要考查时态、语态在具体语境中的灵活运用，题干中基本不给出明显的时间状语或标志词，而是要求考生通过上下文的语境来确定时态和语态。,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018全国),has grown,答案,解析,解析 由时间状语sin
2、ce 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,2.I still remember visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江),was shocked,答案,解析,解析 根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；而I与shock是被动关系，故用被动语态。,1,3,4,5,6
3、,7,8,2,3.When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国),are removed,答案,解析,解析 根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,4.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars
4、in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full-time.(2017全国),has been told/was told,答案,解析,解析 空处句意为：萨拉被告知，她能够成为英国新的超级名模，在下一年收入一百万美元。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，tell与主语Sarah是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故填was told。此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态，强调对现在造成的影响。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,5.Later，engineers (manage) to construct r
5、ailways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国),managed,答案,解析,解析 根据句子的时间状语Later以及从句的谓语动词became可知，这里用一般过去时。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,【单句改错】(8题有2处错误，其余每小题仅有1处错误) 6.During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change
6、 there.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 由时间状语“During my last winter holiday”和“went”可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，所以应用find的过去式found。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,found,7.The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 代词that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由and前的is可知，时态为一般现在时。,1,3,4,5,6,7
7、,8,2,includes,8.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. (2017全国),答案,解析,(1)解析 photo与take之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。take的过去分词是taken。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,taken,became,(2)解析 “我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，and连接并列谓语entered
8、和became。,【诊断报告】,考点突破,(一)一般现在时 1.表示现在的状态或经常、反复、习惯性的动作。 2.表示客观事实或普遍真理。 3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as，if等引导的表示将来行为的时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，表示将来的动作或状态。,考点一 时态高频考点(一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时),(二)一般过去时 1.表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last month，just now，the other
9、day，three days ago等。 2.表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作，常与often，always，usually，seldom等表示频率的副词连用。 3.在条件、时间、方式、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 4.用于固定句式中，如：It is time that sb.did sth.(是某人该做某事的时候了)；It is some time since sb.did sth.(自从某人做某事到现在已经多长时间了)等。,(三)现在完成时 1.表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up
10、 to now，in/during/over the past/last few days等连用。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等连用。 3.用于固定句式中，如：It/This/That is the first/second/.time that.(从句谓语动词用现在完成时)这是第一/二/次”。,例1 单句语法填空 Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school (come) first.”
11、(2017全国),comes,解析 此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。,答案,解析,例2 单句改错 I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. (2018全国),解析 根据主句的谓语didnt realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知，此处说的是过去的事情，所以are应改为were。,答案,解析,were,例3 单句语法填空 While regularly eating out seems to (become) com
12、mon for many young people in recent years，its not without a cost.(2018浙江),解析 根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。,答案,解析,have become,(一)过去完成时 1.表示过去某一时间或动作前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by .，until .，when .，before .等。 2.表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 3.用在had hardly/scarcely
13、/rarely .when .和had no sooner .than .句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“刚就”。 4.“It/This/That was the first/second/.time that从句”中，谓语动词用过去完成时。,考点二 时态低频考点(过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和过去将来时),(二)现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 2.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear等表移
14、动、方向的动词。 3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。,(三)过去进行时 1.过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at that time，at five yesterday afternoon等连用。 2.表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，用于此用法的常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。,(四)一般将来时 1.“shall/will动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will动词原形”还可以表
15、示说话时临时做出的决定。 2.“be going to动词原形”表示：a.现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；b.根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 3.“be to动词原形”表示：a.预先安排好的计划或约定；b.说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等；c.注定要发生的事情。 4.“be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间的状语连用。 (五)过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。,例4 单句语法填空 Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the S
16、ilk Road by about 100 BC.,解析 由时间状语by about 100 BC可知，这是发生在公元前100年之前的事情，表示的是“过去的过去”。所以用过去完成时。句意为：到大约公元前100年，丝绸已经成为沿丝绸之路运输的主要货物之一。,答案,解析,had become,例5 单句语法填空 When I also drove forward，a man (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.(2018山东青岛质检),解析 表示过去的某个时候正在做某事，应用过去进行时，故填wa
17、s standing。,答案,解析,was standing,被动语态的使用规则： 1.被动语态的构成规则,考点三 被动语态,2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语有last，cost，spread，happen (to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run out，work out。,例6 单句改错 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.,答案
18、,解析,解析 句意为：每天他都确保烹饪使用的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的食用油。主语“fresh vegetables and high quality oil”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，故将using改为used。,used,例7 单句改错 Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!,答案,解析,解析 look like“看起来像”，没有被动语态。,或Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the s
19、kythey were looked like rain!,例8 单句改错 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.,答案,解析,解析 此处表示“许多研究表明”，主语studies与动词show之间为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。,1.就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的
20、短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 2.就近原则：由or，either .or .，neither .nor .，not only .but (also) .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 3.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。 4.不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。,考点四 主谓一致,5.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。,例9 单句语法填空 Fast
21、food (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语“Fast food”是不可数名词，故填is。,is,例10 单句改错 He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.,答案,解析,解析 主语是we，故应把谓语was改为were。,we
22、re,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.Over the last two generations in the UK and US，industrialization (slow) down and more people have become dissatisfied with life in urban areas.(2017浙江杭州七校联考),解析 根据时间状语“Over the last two generations”可知，本句时态要用现在完成时态，主语industrialization是抽象名词且与谓语是主动关系。故填has slowed。,答案,解析,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,
23、9,10,2,has slowed,2.People (have) better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.(2017北京),解析 句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，因此寿命更长了。由句子结构和句意可知，此句叙述的是现在的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。,答案,解析,have,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.At first，both of them joined together and the frog (lead) his friend towa
24、rds the pool in which he lived，and didnt stop until he reached the side of the water.,解析 与and前的joined呼应，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。,答案,解析,led,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.As you go through this book，you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.,解析 本句中as引导的
25、时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来，故主句需用一般将来时。,答案,解析,will find,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.Actually I did.I phoned the manager this morning，expressing my unhappiness with their food.And he promised that he (look) into my complaint as soon as possible.,解析 由promised可知，此处表示从过去看将要发生的动作，要用过去将来时。,答案,解析,would look,1,3,4,5,6,7,8
26、,9,10,2,6.We (leave) very early so we packed the night before.,解析 句意为：我们打算很早就出发，因此我们前一夜就打好包了。此处表示过去计划好将要发生的动作，用过去进行时表示将来。,答案,解析,were leaving,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.One day I (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was WagmanLinda
27、s married name.,解析 考查句式be doing .when .，再根据One day可判断应用过去时，故填was reading。,答案,解析,was reading,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.Shortly after he borrowed this book，he (call) to London to continue his research.,解析 根据borrowed可推知设空处需用一般过去时，主语he与call为被动关系，故设空处需用一般过去时的被动语态。,答案,解析,was called,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.It
28、is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write (belong) to all people.,解析 主句为It is about taking action to show the world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read and write，belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。,答案,解析,belongs,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.How close parents are to their
29、children (have) a strong influence on the development of the childrens characters.,解析 从句How close parents are to their children作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，故填has。have an influence on为固定短语，意为“对有影响”。句意为：父母与孩子之间的亲密程度对孩子性格的形成有很大的影响。,答案,解析,has,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.Before getting into the car，I tho
30、ught I had learned the instructors orders，but once I started the car，my mind goes blank.(2017全国),解析 由本句中的时态和语境可知，goes应改为went。若上下文叙述的是同一件事情，则时态应具有一致性。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,went,12.Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.,解析 根据时间状语“Since
31、 then”和“for all these years”可知本句用现在完成时。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,have,13.Some students thought its a good idea to keep pets because many old people who live alone at home can get some comfort from them.,解析 根据语境可知应使用一般现在时。故将thought改为think。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,think,14.She t
32、old me they havent yet made any decision about her mother coming to live with them.,解析 根据语境可知，make这一动作发生在told之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,hadnt,15.I hope you consider my application before you give me an answer.,解析 本句hope后面的宾语从句表示将来要发生的动作，应该用一般将来时。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,1
33、7,18,19,20,12, will,16.I have to go to work by taxi because my car is repaired at the garage.,解析 根据句意“我不得不乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂修理。”可知，repair是一个正在发生的动作，且my car与repair之间是被动关系，故此句应用现在进行时的被动语态。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, being,17.That was the first time that I applied for a part-time job，and it w
34、as such a success.,解析 句意为：那是我第一次申请兼职工作，而且我做得很成功。That was the first time从句，从句的谓语用过去完成时。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, had,18.She was proved very patient and warm-hearted.,解析 句意为：结果证明她很有耐心、很热心。此处prove是系动词，意为“结果是，证明是”，不用于被动语态。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,19.In the last years，significant
35、advances have made in strawberry genetic transformation at home and abroad.,解析 句意为：在过去几年里，国内外草莓转基因研究取得了重大进展。根据语境可知，主语“significant advances”是动词“make”的承受者，所以用被动语态。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, been,20.There exist now a park that has a small river running through.,解析 此句为倒装句，主语为“a park”，所以谓语动词用第
36、三人称单数形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,exists,语篇解读 文章讲述了Christopher Cockerell改进了妈妈的缝纫机，使其工作更快，但是妈妈却不想用的故事。该故事告诉我们一个道理：很多人不喜欢新的观点。,.语法填空时态与语态专练 When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once 21._ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work qui
37、cker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.,答案,语篇解读,解析21,watched,21.解析 由前面的时间状语When he was a little boy可知，应用过去时。,“I suppose it would，” said his mother，without paying him any attention. Christopher 22. (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help her. Up in his bedroom there
38、was a toy steam-engine which his father 23. (buy) him as a gift.“I 24. (make) better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother 25._ (not，use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 26. (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother 27. (like)
39、 it.,knew,had bought,shall/will make,not using,was finished,would like,答案,解析23,解析24,解析25,解析26,解析27,解析22,was,22.解析 文章整体是叙述的过去的事，应该用过去时。,23.解析 buy这个动作发生在there was这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,24.解析 句意为：我将要更好地利用它。表示一个将来的动作，应该用将来时。,25.解析 句意为：当他的妈妈不用缝纫机的时候，他将玩具蒸汽机固定在了上面。根据语境可知此处应用过去进行时。,26.解析 job与finish之间是被动关
40、系，时态用过去时，故填was finished。,27.解析 根据语境可知，此处表示过去的将来，故用过去将来时。,“Very clever，” his mother said，when she 28. (see) it. Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 29._ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained. This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries to imp
41、rove anything 30. (have) to learn：Many people dont like new ideas.,答案,解析28,解析29,解析30,saw,been working,has,have,28.解析 由his mother said可知，应该用过去时。,29.解析 由for many years可知，这个动作从过去持续到现在，有可能延续下去，故用现在完成进行时。,30.解析 此处表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。,.短文改错 How is everything going？I would like to express my thanks with your
42、kindness during my stay in London last week. Know that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture，especial the Spring Festival，I would love to introduce it to you.The Spring Festival，one of the most important festival in China，falls on January 1 in the lunar calendar.It has a long history，,答案,for,Kno
43、wing,especially,festivals,that was originally celebrated to drive away a monster “Nian”. Different that in the past，it is now given new meanings.On the New Years Eve，each family have its members gather together.They tell each other their lives in the past year，exchange gifts and to eat delicious meals in the warm of the family.I hope you will come here and experienced this wonderful festival.,答案,which, from,has,warmth,experience,
