1、第2节 冠词,专题一 第二部分 基础语法,语法填空对冠词的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：冠词的基本用法；冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法；以及抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法。短文改错以冠词的错用和冠词的缺少或多余的形式考查。,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.(2018全国),the,答案,解析,解析 “over/in/during the past/last
2、时间段”为固定结构，特指过去的多长时间里。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,2.As result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017全国),a,答案,解析,解析 as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。故填a。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,3.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting.Instead，she is earning 6,500 a
3、 day as model in New York.(2017全国),a,答案,解析,解析 根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音，故用不定冠词a。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,4.This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.(2017全国),the,答案,解析,解析 修饰名词top，表特指，要用定冠词the，故填the。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,【单句改错】(每小题仅有1处错误) 5.Dur
4、ing my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 固定短语go to the countryside意为“去乡下”。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2, the,6.As the kid，I loved to watch cartoons.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 此处表泛指，用不定冠词a。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2,a,7.Around me in picture are the things that were v
5、ery important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用定冠词修饰。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2, the,8.I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 “我”依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指第一天，所以在first前加上the。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,2, the,【诊断报告】,考点突破,1.在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a
6、，在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。 2.用于单数可数名词前表示泛指意义。 3.在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a/an，使之具有了“一”的概念，表示“一份，一阵，一场，一类，一种”等。如：a coffee，a wonderful supper，a surprise，have a good knowledge/understanding of。 4.用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。如：a third try再试一次。,考点一 不定冠词的用法,5.用于“amost形容词名词”结构，此时，most意为“非常，很”。如： I dont know who invented the telephone，
7、but its really a most wonderful invention. 6.用在某些固定词组中。如：have a cold，have a good time，keep a diary，in a hurry，once in a while，at a loss，for a while，once upon a time，all of a sudden，do sb.a favour，as a matter of fact。,例1 单句语法填空 For Pahlsson，its return was wonder.(2017浙江),a,解析 表示泛指。a wonder一个奇迹。,答案,解析
8、,例2 单句改错 They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.(2017全国),解析 因为hour的读音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。表示“一个小时”可以用an hour，也可以用one hour。,答案,解析,an/one,1.表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物，再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到，但谈话双方都知道的人或物。 2.表示世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前用定冠词the。 3.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物
9、。如：the injured伤者。 4.在西洋乐器名词的前面要加the，中国乐器名词不与冠词连用。如：play the piano/the violin/the guitar，play erhu(二胡)。 5.定冠词用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妻俩。,考点二 定冠词the的用法,6.在最高级或序数词前面或由only，very，same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。 注意：a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最的”。,例3 单句语法填空 Now，years later，t
10、his river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.,解析 句意为：多年之后，这条河成为最杰出的环保典型之一。可知，此处most前用the修饰表示的是最高级的概念。,答案,解析,the,例4 单句改错 In that case，we will learn little about world.,解析 句意为：但如果那样的话，我们会对这个世界了解甚少。world表示“世界”，此处特指我们所生活的这个世界，其前应用定冠词the。,答案,解析, the,在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠词a/an，有的用定冠词the，
11、而有的则不带任何冠词，如：in a hurry，as a result；on the contrary，in (the) charge of；at first，in fact等等，这些都需要我们平常加强积累和记忆。 注意：如果在句中出现含有名词的短语或固定搭配时，一定要警惕冠词的多余或缺失。,考点三 冠词的固定搭配或习惯用法,例5 单句语法填空 Unexpectedly，Im face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at top of her lungs.(2018全国),the,答案,解析,解析 at the top of one
12、s lungs用尽量大的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。,例6 单句改错 My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.,答案,解析,解析 句意为：我叔叔说他从来没有梦想过在短时间内致富。in a short period of time为固定搭配，表示“在短时间内”。,a,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired b
13、y even most modern of architects and engineers.,the,解析 根据空格后面的most可知此处表示最高级含义。,答案,解析,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.Later，Hongbao developed into more general best wishes and a blessing on young.,解析 某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要用定冠词。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.That night she told me her son loved me.It
14、 was such unforgettable moment.(2018温州六校协作体联考),解析 此处表示“这是一个如此令人难忘的时刻”。空后unforgettable是以元音音素开头的词，所以用冠词an。,答案,解析,an,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.Yu Rong，a Chinese artist，thinks of a new way to introduce _ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book.,解析 特指花木兰的故事，用定冠词，故填the。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,
15、5.I didnt know why he was at home instead of Mom，but I considered myself very lucky because I was only one who had Dad around in my class.,解析 此处的only是形容词，表示“唯一的”，应与定冠词连用，所以用the。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being b
16、ottle-fed， other is with mumshe never suspects.,解析 由上文中的关键词one可知，这里考查one.the other.“一个另一个”的用法。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.Recently when he took look at his collection of books，he discovered the old book borrowed 61 years ago.,解析 take a look (at.)，为固定短语，意为“看一看”。句意为：最近，当他查看他的藏书时，他发现了那本61年前借的旧书。,
17、答案,解析,a,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.A man and his friend were walking through the desert.During the trip they had a quarrel and the man hit his friend in face.,解析 hit/pat sb.in/on the身体部位，意为“打/拍某人身体的某个部位”，是固定短语，身体部位前必须用定冠词the，柔软的部位用in，硬的部位用on，故填the。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Give your body and bra
18、in a rest by stepping outside for while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.,解析 for a while是固定短语，意为“片刻，一会儿”。,答案,解析,a,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Life for disabled in Uganda is difficult，but for children it can be shock that can never be overcome.,解析 第一空后是形容词，“the形容词”表示一类人，the disabled残疾人；第二空属于抽象名词具体
19、化，表示“一种震惊”，填a。,答案,解析,the,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,a,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.,解析 可数名词复数或不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。all kinds of表示各种各样的，作修饰语修饰后面的名词，因此无需再用the修饰。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,12.First of all，he told us that Chinese papercut
20、is a traditional art form and its a kind of folk culture with the long history.(2018淄博一模),解析 history 在这里为抽象名词具体化，表泛指，用不定冠词。with a long history意为“拥有一段悠久的历史”。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,a,13.After work，he learned to play guitar.He liked living on the farm，for the life was simple.,解析 guitar为西洋
21、乐器，需在其前加定冠词the。因为guitar和主语he是所属关系，故也可以用形容词性物主代词his。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, the/his,14.Cultural relics from Russias Peterhof State Museum-Reserve are on the display at the China Millennium Monument in Beijing.,解析 on display展览，固定搭配。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,15.Now I am living
22、in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.,解析 in the countryside在农村，固定搭配。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, the,16.One of our teachers was in the charge of this activity and he divided us into four groups.,解析 句意为：我们的一位老师负责这项活动，他把我们分成了四组。in charge of为固定搭配，意为“负责”，the多余。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18
23、,19,20,12,17.As result，the plants are growing everywhere.,解析 as a result结果，为固定搭配。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, a,18.After eating two bananas，my son asked for the third one.,解析 a序数词，表示“又一，再一”。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,a,19.To be honest，it is the most difficult problem indeed，but it
24、 is not the hardest in Book Three.,解析 由but后的内容可知，这个问题不是最难的，故它是非常难的。a与most连用，位于形容词前，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,a,20.Realizing it was our last school sports meeting，we decided to make it unforgettable experience.,解析 experience在这里表示“经历”，是可数名词，表示“一次难忘的经历”，其前要用不定冠词；且其前的形容词un
25、forgettable以元音音素开头，故用an。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12, an,语篇解读 火锅(Hotpot)是中国独创的美食，历史悠久，文章向我们介绍了成都的火锅。,.语法填空 (2018四川成都二诊) If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu，theyll probably ask if youve tried hotpot.Everyone 21. (live) here seems to love it，and trying it should be a 22. (fix) p
26、art of everyones culinary tour of Sichuan. Hotpot restaurants can 23. (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu，but the quality and taste can vary hugely.,living,fixed,be found,答案,解析21,解析22,解析23,语篇解读,21.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词seems，所以此处应该用非谓语动词。提示词live和其逻辑主语everyone为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。,22.解析 考查形
27、容词。作定语修饰名词part，用过去分词转化的形容词。fixed意为“固定的，不变的”。,23.解析 考查动词的语态。这里是一个由“but”连接的两个分句。 在第一个分句中，提示词为动词(find)，和句子的主语“Hotpot restaurants”是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，前有情态动词can，所以用“be过去分词”。,When you do go for hotpot，you will often be asked to make a 24. (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients(食材).If youre 25.
28、 (adventure) and up for a challenge，the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing youre after.But 26. you havent yet fully adapted to the local palette，youd better choose a non-spicy broth，or 27. (go) for a less spicy option.Bear 28. mind that some broths like tomato，mushroom or northern
29、style will not be on offer at every restaurant.,答案,解析25,解析26,解析27,解析24,choice,adventurous,if/when,go,in,24.解析 考查词性转换。前有不定冠词a修饰，又作动词make的宾语，用名词形式。make a choice意为“做出选择”。,25.解析 考查形容词。在系动词be后作表语，用形容词形式。,26.解析 考查连词。主句为“youd better choose a non-spicy broth.”，所以这里是一个从属连词。句意为：但是，如果/当你还没有完全适应当地的调料，你最好选择不辣的底汤
30、，或者是微辣的。所以用if/when。,27.解析 考查动词的用法。前有连词“or”，所以该词和上文had better后的“choose”并列，表选择关系，所以用原形。,28.解析 考查介词。bear in mind为固定搭配，意为“记住”。,Half spicy and half clear broth is 29. (ready) available at most restaurants；these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang，or with 30. separate smalle
31、r pot of clear broth in the middle.If you cant bear too much chilies and oil，but want to have a try，ask for yuanyangguo.,答案,readily,a,解析29,解析30,29.解析 考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词形式。,30.解析 考查冠词。这里指的是一个单独的小锅，所以用不定冠词a，表泛指，修饰pot。,.短文改错冠词专练 (2018安徽六校高三联考改编) In traditional Chinese culture，tai chi is often related to a
32、Chinese idea of yin and yang，an idea that one can see two sides in everything. Once upon time，Taoist(道家的) Zhang Sanfeng saw a bird attacking a snake in the Wudang Mountains in Hubei Province. A snakes defense inspired him to create an set of 72 movements，which used softness and power from inside to
33、defeat violent force.,答案,the,the, a,The,a,For those who do it，tai chi can be practiced any time and anywhere without an equipment or a gymnasium.And learning to do it correctly gives us the practical way to achieve such things as balance，motor control and rhythm(节奏) of movement.So it is believed tha
34、t practicing tai chi can in some way help us stand，walk，move and run better.,答案,a,Tai chis benefits certainly go beyond physical ones.For Marleni Calcina from Peru，who has done tai chi for over 10 years，its not only a sport，but also way of life.And it is tai chi that has helped her make the sense of the value of “going slowly”.Now，practicing tai chi is like speaking with her the soul.,答案, a,
