1、第4节 代词,专题一 第二部分 基础语法,近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空着重对替代词it的用法的考查，而短文改错对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.Running is cheap，easy and.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we sh
2、ould all give a try.(2018全国),it/running,答案,解析,解析 此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。give sth. a try尝试一下某事。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,2.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find (they) alive.(2018全国),them,答案,解析,解析 分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,
3、9,2,3.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.(2018浙江),it,答案,解析,解析 句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填it。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,4.“She thought I had hurt (I)，” says Pahlsson.(2017
4、6月浙江),myself,答案,解析,解析 根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,5.A few hours before，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with (it) choking smog.(2015全国),its,答案,解析,解析 空后为名词词组choking smog，设空处作其定语，故应填形容词性物主代词its。句意为：几个小时前我还在香港的家中，呼吸着那里令人窒息的烟雾。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,6.Raise
5、your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.(2014辽宁),it,答案,解析,解析 根据语境可知let的宾语为前文提及的your leg，故用it替代，以避免重复。句意为：抬起你的一条腿并让它悬空几秒钟。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,【单句改错】(每小题仅有1处错误) 7.As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watch them，my parents would not let me.They would say to us
6、that playing card games would help my brain.(2018全国),答案,解析,解析 根据行文逻辑可知，此处说的是“我”的事情，所以用对应的宾格代词me作介词to的宾语。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,me,8.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 根据行文逻辑可知，此处是以作者的口吻写的“我的高中时光”，故应把your改为my。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,my,9.I wante
7、d to do anything special for him at his retirement party. (2015陕西),答案,解析,解析 something 用在肯定句中，表示“某事”；anything一般用在否定句和疑问句中，故把anything改为something。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,something,【诊断报告】,考点突破,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则：,考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词,例1 单句语法填空 Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer.You need to
8、 complete the things you want to do.,them,解析 本题两句话是并列关系，所填的代词指代的是前面的skills，为复数名词，所以用them。,答案,解析,例2 单句语法填空 They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve (they).,themselves,解析 句意为：他们这样做，是因为这样可以使舞台起到让他们的声音被听得更清楚的作用，并不断地鼓励他们去提升自己。设空处作improve的宾语，
9、且与them所指为同一对象，故填反身代词themselves。,答案,解析,例3 单句改错 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steadily.,解析 根据句意和逻辑关系可知，此处作定语的应该和主句的主语he 一致，故用his。,答案,解析,his,1.both，all，either，any，neither，none的使用规则,考点二 不定代词,2.other(s)，the other(s)，another的使用规则,例
10、4 单句改错 My parents were singers but none of them played a musical instrument. (2018山东滨州高三期中),解析 考查不定代词。我的父母都不会乐器。我的父母是两个人，“两者都不”，要用neither，而none是三者及以上“都不”，故要把none 改为neither。,答案,解析,neither,例5 单句改错 Some of us carried the apples to the truck，and other put the baskets onto the truck.,解析 some.others.表 示“一
11、些另一些”，为常用搭配。,答案,解析,others,1.it可指代前面提到的同一个人或物，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象；还可指代环境、情形、时间、地点、距离、天气、季节、度量衡单位等。 2.it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。 3.表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like，love，hate，dislike，appreciate等。 4.it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is no wonder that “难怪”；make it“获得成功；及时赶到”；when it com
12、es to .“当说到”等。,考点三 替代词it的用法,例6 单句语法填空 However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using every day.(2017全国),it,答案,解析,解析 句意为：然而，该地铁很快被证明是巨大的成功，在六个月内，每天超过25 000人使用它。根据语境可知，此处应用it指代文中的the railway。,例7 单句改错 No matter where he is，he makes a ru
13、le to go for a walk before breakfast.,答案,解析,解析 句意为：不论他在哪里，他都把早餐前散步当成一种惯例。it在这里作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。, it,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockaries story about how first aid saved (he) life.(2018广东汕头二模),解析 句意为：这是关于急救如何挽救了18岁的穆萨博卡里的生命的故事。设空处需用形容词性物主代词作名词life的定语。,答案
14、,解析,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,his,2. is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.,解析 句意为：对于学生来说，他们人在教室但心却不在的现象很普遍，因为他们在玩手机。It isadj.for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是的”。其中it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语，故填It。,答案,解析,It,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3
15、.I learned to set (I) a schedule of getting groceries，cleaning my room and doing my laundry on Sundays.(2017浙江名校协作体联考),解析 set这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式。set myself a schedule为自己设置了一个时间表。,答案,解析,myself,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in wit
16、h (he).,解析 作介词的宾语应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填him。,答案,解析,him,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.The violin is (you)，Mr Kreisler.Take it into the world，and let the people hear it.,解析 此处需要用you的名词性物主代词，代指your violin，故填yours。,答案,解析,yours,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.Niki is always full of ideas，but is useful to my knowledge.,解析 句意为：尼基总
17、是充满了想法，但据我所知没有一个有用。根据句意和转折连词but可知，此处表示尼基的想法一个也没用。代词none表示特指，相当于“no上文提到的名词”，可以和of连用，该空后省略了of his ideas。,答案,解析,none,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but contained any useful suggestions.,解析 句意为：基于这项调查，研究小组给出两份报告，不过这两份报告均没有任何有用的建议。根据题干中的two reports以及连词
18、but可知这里指的是对两者完全否定，故填neither，意为“两者都不”。,答案,解析,neither,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.It was time for dinner and was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.,解析 分析该句结构可知，句中that引导的从句为真正的主语，空格处是形式主语，故用it。,答案,解析,it,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，w
19、hile in ，knives and forks.,解析 句意为：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另一些国家，人们用刀子和叉子。some.others.是固定用法，意为“一些另一些”，故填others。,答案,解析,others,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.,解析 make it clear (to sb. ) that.为“动词宾语宾补”结构，本题中真正的宾语是后面的that从句，故用it作make的形式宾语。句意为：苏珊向我声明
20、她希望开启她自己的新人生。,答案,解析,it,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.I told him that his newly bought dictionary was quite different from me.,解析 此处表示“他新买的词典与我的词典很不相同”，故应用名词性物主代词mine代指my dictionary。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,mine,12.Our parents check our bags to make it sure were not getting int
21、o trouble.(2017湖北七市联考),解析 句意为：我们的父母检查我们的包以确保我们不会遇到麻烦。make sure确保，确定，为固定短语，不必在make和sure之间加it。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,13.Finally，we put the figurines(面人) we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.,解析 句意为：最后我们把自己做的面人放在桌上，并且与老工匠师傅合影。“we made”前省略了引导定语从句的关系词which或that
22、，在从句中充当made的宾语，故them多余。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,14.I hope you will pardon me and enjoy yourself with other his friends. (2018皖江名校联盟联考),解析 和其他朋友玩得开心，其他朋友应译为other friends。故去掉his。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,15.When we handed the cleaners the hot porridge(麦片粥) and expressed us appre
23、ciation for their hard work，they looked a little surprised at first.,解析 结合句意可知，此处表示“我们向他们表达我们对他们的辛勤劳动的感激”，故appreciation前应用形容词性物主代词，表示“我们的”，故将us改为our。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,our,16.Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health.Now Id like to tell you anything about the smog.(20
24、18河北省衡水中学八模),解析 句意为：我很乐意告诉你一些关于雾霾的事情。something一些事情，一般用在肯定句中。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,something,17.Dad lost his job，and as Mom explained，“He was lucky to find other one.”,解析 此处表示“他很幸运能找到另一份工作”，故应把other改为another。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,another,18.However，my parents didnt seem
25、to think such.,解析 此处think为动词，其后应用副词so，意为“(指刚说过的事物)这样认为，认为如此”。类似用法还有I hope so，if so等。such为代词或限定词，故将such改为so。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,so,19.Yesterday，one of my favorite stamps was lost，which made me really upset.I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room，but still I couldnt
26、 find them.,解析 根据上文可知find后面的代词指代“我”最喜欢的邮票之一，是一张邮票，故将them改为it。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,it,20.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.,解析 此处应用it指代a beautiful park，故把them改为it。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,it,.语法填空代词专练 My name is Li Kang.Today is my
27、first day at Senior High school and Im writing down my thoughts about 21. . 22. new school is very good and the classrooms are amazing.Every room has a computer with a special screen，almost as big as a cinema screen.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen，whose method of teaching is
28、nothing like 23. of the teachers at my Junior High school.24. thinks that reading comprehension is important，but 25. should speak a lot in class.I dont think I will be bored in Ms Shens class!,答案,解析21,解析22,解析23,解析24,解析25,it,My,that,She,we,语篇解读 本文作者是一名高中新生，讲述了他上高中第一天的见闻。,语篇解读,21.解析 考查it的用法。空处作介词about
29、的宾语，指代前面的my first day at Senior High school，故用it。,22.解析 考查形容词性物主代词。从前文可知作者在谈“我的”新学校，形容词性物主代词在名词new school前作定语。故填My。,23.解析 考查指示代词。此处指代前文出现过的method of teaching，用that。,24.解析 考查人称代词。作主语要用主格人称代词，指代Ms Shen，用She。,25.解析 考查人称代词。作主语用主格，在课堂上多说的应当是“我们”学生，故填we。,解析30,Today we introduced 26. to each other in group
30、s.27. _ were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and 28. was really nice.Ms Shen gave 29. instructions and then we worked by ourselves.Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting with spelling games and other activities.30. of us like her attitude very much.,答案,解析26,解析
31、27,解析28,解析29,ourselves,Some,it,us,All,26.解析 考查反身代词。introduce oneself to sb. 向某人做自我介绍。由主语we可知，此处是“我们互相介绍我们自己”，故用ourselves。,27.解析 考查不定代词。根据常识，第一次见面“有些人”会难为情。,28.解析 考查it的用法。此处替代前文的everyone was very friendly，用it。,29.解析 考查人称代词。在及物动词后作宾语，用宾格，指“我们”，用us。give sb. instructions给某人指导。,30.解析 考查不定代词。从前句和常识来看，应是“我
32、们大家都”非常喜欢她的这种教学态度。故用不定代词all。,.短文改错Recently，as the development of the Internet，there is a kind of language calling the Web Language.The other day our class have a discussion about if we should welcome the Web Language.Forty percent of students think it ridiculous.In their opinions，it cant help people
33、 communicating，nor is it useful for learning English.Besides，it will make Chinese more standard，finally ruining our mother tongue.,答案,with,called,had,whether,opinion,communicate,less, the,(2018黑龙江哈师大附中高三期末),However,60% of our class are fond of it.They think it simple，convenient and helpful in expressing themselves.Personally，I dont think that a good habit to use the Web Language.It may be popular，but you may also make yourself be misunderstood.,答案,it,
