1、第1节 名词,专题一 第二部分 基础语法,语法填空对名词的考查主要包括名词的数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词的词性/形变化。短文改错重点考查名词单复数、不可数名词的用法以及名词与其他词类的转换等。,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.(2018全国),scientist,答案,解析,解析 此处介绍“我”的身份是一名科学家。由空后who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。故填scien
2、tist。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,2.This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. (2018全国),pollution,答案,解析,解析 此处作动词decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,3.You wouldnt think that a few (month) of exercise
3、in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life，and thats also true for building your vocabulary.(201711月浙江),months,答案,解析,解析 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。month为可数名词，其修饰语a few意为“一些”，后跟可数名词复数形式，故month应用复数形式。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,4.In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in
4、 London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017全国),crowds,答案,解析,解析 根据常识，地面上上下班的人群肯定不是一群人，而是一群一群的人，故填crowd的复数形式crowds。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,5.She is determined to carry on with her (educat
5、e). (2017全国),education,答案,解析,解析 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。前面由形容词性物主代词her(她的)修饰，故用educate的名词形式，education是不可数名词。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,6.Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep . (2014辽宁),breath,答案,解析,解析 take a deep breath意为“深深地吸一口气”，属于固定搭配，故答案为breath。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,【单句改错】(每小题仅有1处错误)
6、7.When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night. (2018全国),答案,解析,解析 名词Friday修饰night，意为“周五晚上”。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,Friday,8.After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. (2018全国),答案,解析,解析 all修饰可数名词sort，应用复数形式sorts。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,sorts,9.Th
7、e instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”(2017全国),答案,解析,解析 句意为：教练一直喊“加速！”“减速！”“左转！” word表示“说的话，话语，言语”时为可数名词。这里指教练说的那些话，应用复数形式，故将word改为words。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,words,10.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. (2016全国),答案,解析,解析 表示从
8、“13到19岁”这几年，year为可数名词，故应用复数形式。此外，谓语动词were也提醒我们主语是复数。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,years,11.From the time I was about four until I was about six，I destroyed each of my toy.(2012新课标全国),答案,解析,解析 因each of(的每一个)后接可数名词复数。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,toys,12.It felt very strange to travel without any lu
9、ggages.(2011新课标全国),答案,解析,解析 luggage或baggage(行李)是不可数名词，没有复数形式。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,luggage,13.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (2011新课标全国),答案,解析,解析 表示“在朋友家”，用所有格。,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,2,10,11,12,13,friends,【诊断报告】,考点突破,名词单数向复数的转化规则： 1.基本变化规则 (1)一般在名词后加-s，变成复数。如boybo
10、ys，penpens等。 (2)以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾的，在后面加-es。如classclasses，foxfoxes，brushbrushes，watchwatches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。 (3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i，然后再加-es。如babybabies。 (4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词有些直接加-s，如safe，roof，belief等；有些要把f或fe改为v，再加-es，如thief，life，wife，shelf，self，knife，half，leaf，wolf等。,考点一 名词的数,(5)以-o结尾的名词，除hero，tomato，p
11、otato等少数在后面加-es的词外，一般是在后面直接加-s。如kilokilos，photophotos，zoozoos，radioradios，pianopianos，videovideos。 2.有些词变化不规则，需单独记忆，如：manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，toothteeth，goosegeese，childchildren，mousemice等。 3.复合名词的复数形式：girlfriends，boy students，passers-by，grown-ups。,例1 单句语法填空 She has turned down several (invitatio
12、n) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017全国),invitations,解析 空格前面有修饰语several，意为“几个”，其后的可数名词要用复数，由此可知，这里要用可数名词invitation的复数形式invitations。,答案,解析,例2 单句改错 Words came that the damaged electricity lines had been repaired.,解析 word意为“消息，信息”时，为不可数名词。故把Words改为Word。,答案,解析,Word,1.主要考查动词、形容
13、词、副词向名词的转化 例如：动词变名词：-ion/-tion/-ition/-ation/-sion/-ment/-ance/-ence等。 2.误把形容词用作名词：作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词，形容词一般是对主语的描述。,考点二 名词词性变化,例3 单句语法填空 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top (attract).,解析 空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式
14、。,答案,解析,attraction,例4 单句改错 My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.,解析 主语是key，表语与其构成同位关系，并非对主语的描述，应用名词。故将honest改为honesty。,答案,解析,honesty,1.常表示有生命的东西。如：Toms birthday，the dogs owner。 2.用于表示时间、距离、天体、度量衡与货币价值、国家、城市等。如： (1)时间：a days work(一天的工作)，todays newspaper； (2)距离：twenty minutes ride，f
15、ive minutes walk，a miles distance； (3)天体：the suns heat，the moons surface； (4)度量衡与货币价值：ten dollars worth，twenty pounds weight； (5)国家、城市等：Chinas industry，the citys development，the governments plan，Chinas development。,考点三 名词的所有格,3.表示某人的家或店铺。如：at the doctors在诊所，the tailors裁缝铺，the barbers理发店，at my uncles
16、在我叔叔家。,例5 单句语法填空 Engelbart，the inventor of the computer mouse，developed the mouse in the 1960s as a useful tool to assist the computer，obtaining a patent for it long before the (mouse) widespread use.,mouses,答案,解析,解析 此处表示“鼠标的广泛应用”应用所有格形式，故用mouses。,例6 单句改错 Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody
17、 around，I ran away immediately.,答案,解析,解析 表示“的”，应用所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。,neighbors,1.注意一些高频名词短语。 2.常用复数的名词搭配： make (both) ends meet使收支相抵 take turns to do轮流做 make repairs修理 burst into tears放声大哭 in all directions向四面八方,考点四 名词的固定搭配,例7 单句语法填空 When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his
18、 and had a bad fall.,答案,解析,解析 句意为：那个男孩在追赶他弟弟的时候，失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。根据句中的“had a bad fall”可以推断：摔倒是因为失去了平衡。lose ones balance意为“某人失去平衡”。,balance,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side (effect) such as overwe
19、ight and heart disease.(2017全国),答案 effects,解析 根据空格前的修饰语定答案。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。,答案,解析,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,2.But without sunlight and good soil，soon the leaves began to fall down and the (branch) began to dry.,解析 由空前的the可知，此处应用名词形式，且根据常识可知，树上不止一根树枝，而branch是可数名词，故填
20、branches。,答案,解析,branches,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,3.“Alaya，you dont have to do this if you dont want to.Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasnt going to do it，my (foot) carried me toward the pool.,解析 foot是可数名词，且其前没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。,答案,解析,feet,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,4.The little boy ate so many (potato)
21、and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.,解析 potato前有many 修饰，故用名词的复数形式。,答案,解析,potatoes,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,5.The blood on his shoes and the fingerprint on the scene were_ (proof) of his guilt.,解析 句意为：他鞋上的血迹和现场的指纹是他犯罪的证据。根据句意，再结合空格前的系动词were，根据主谓一致原则，确定用复数形式。,答案,解析,proofs,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,6.DeLo
22、me supervised the project from the (begin) to the end.He says the specialized requirements of robot were demanding.,解析 句意为：德洛姆从头至尾监督了这项工程。设空前为定冠词the，因此应用名词，根据句意应填beginning。from the beginning to the end 意为“从开始到结束”。,答案,解析,beginning,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,7.“The most efficient way is to decrease the loca
23、l population to reduce the (possible) of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said.,解析 前有定冠词the修饰，所以用名词形式。,答案,解析,possibility,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,8.The book gives a detailed (explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea.,解析 根据空格前的不定冠词a以及形容词detailed可知，空格处被不定冠词和形容词修饰，故用exp
24、lain的名词形式。,答案,解析,explanation,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,9.Buckingham Palace is a great tourist (attract)，drawing millions of visitors every year.,解析 句意为：白金汉宫是一个著名的旅游景点，每年都吸引上百万游客前去参观。tourist attraction旅游景点，是固定短语。,答案,解析,attraction,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,10.There are many students living at school；the (child)
25、 houses are all far from school.,解析 由students可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为childrens。,答案,解析,childrens,1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,2,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 11.Mom has a full-time job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.,解析 housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将houseworks改为housework。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,
26、20,12,housework,12.When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.,解析 根据语境可知，此处表示当“我”还是一个非常小的孩子时。由主语I及冠词a都能看出表语的中心词应用单数名词child。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,child,13.Although the bed was broken into piece，the man was surprisingly unhurt.,解析 固
27、定搭配break sth. into pieces意为“把某物打破成碎片”，故用名词复数形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,pieces,14.I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.,解析 air在此处表示“空气”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,air,15.Considering my case，my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advis
28、ed me to set a short-term goal to improve my math.,解析 approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,approaches,16.Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(2018全国),解析 dozens of后面应用chicken的复数形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16
29、,17,18,19,20,12,chickens,17.Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall.,解析 形容词public修饰名词，故其后应用名词形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,anger,18.However，as for William and Kate，the decide to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition tha
30、n a class issue.,解析 前有定冠词the修饰，应用名词形式。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,decision,19.He has finished a day work.,解析 此处作定语，表示时间的长短，应用名词的所有格。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,days,20.He sent his daughter to a girls high school.,解析 女子高中是a girls high school。,答案,解析,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,12,girl
31、s,语篇解读,语篇解读 文章讲述了武汉市一名年轻男子在地铁上播放了一段感人的视频，视频在社交媒体上迅速走红。,.语法填空名词专练 (2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模改编) A young man in Wuhan，Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showing his heart-warming act on a subway train went viral on social 21. (medium) recently. In the video，the man can be seen h
32、olding his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro，with a message in large font on the screen which reads，“Please wake me if you need my seat.”,答案,解析21,media,21.解析 考查名词的数。泛指各种媒体，用复数形式。,The video was recorded by a fellow passenger who posted it on Weibo.The video，whose 22. (long) was
33、 just seven seconds，has been viewed more than 19 million 23. (time) in just two days.Chinese netizens were greatly touched by the young 24. (man) act and greeted him with a storm of 25. (applaud) for his kind 26. _ (behave).A web 27. (use) even commented，“I only needed seven 28. (second) to fall in
34、29. with this young man.,答案,解析25,解析26,解析27,解析28,解析29,解析24,解析23,解析22,length,times,mans,applause,behavio(u)r,user,seconds,love,22.解析 考查词性转换。前有作定语的关系代词whose修饰，表示video的长度，用名词形式。,23.解析 考查名词的数。time在这里为可数名词，意为“次数”。前有19 million修饰，故用复数形式。,24.解析 考查名词的所有格。作定语修饰act，用所有格。句意为：中国的网民被这位小伙子的行为深深地打动，并对他的这个善举报以热烈的掌声。,
35、25.解析 考查词性转换。空格所填词和前面的of一起构成 of所有格形式，修饰前面的名词storm作定语。所以用名词形式。,26.解析 考查词性转换。前由“his kind(他善良的)”作定语修饰，指他善良的行为，故填名词形式。,27.解析 考查词性转换。由语境和句子结构可知，该空作主语，意为“用户”。句意为：一位微博用户甚至评论道：我只要七秒就爱上了这个年轻人。,28.解析 考查名词的数。second在此用作名词，意为“秒”，是可数名词，前有数词seven修饰，用复数形式。,29.解析 考查固定搭配。fall in love with为固定搭配，意为“喜欢上，爱上”。,The humble
36、man refused an interview 30. (invite) after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. In a Weibo post，he thanked netizens for their love and praise.He said he would always fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the train but worried others may need the seat，so he
37、got the idea of making a message on his phone screen.,答案,解析30,invitation,30.解析 考查词性转换。这里指的是采访邀请，用名词形式，前有an修饰，用单数形式。,.短文改错 We had an English story-telling competition day before yesterday.It is required that all the entries be original and interesting，and be presenting in English within five minutes.
38、All my classmates took an actively part in the activity.Two foreign English teachers were invited to act like judges.In the end，Li Ping had got the first place.All the participants said the activity benefited us a lot in many ways. Not only did it improved their spoken English，,答案, the,was,presented,active,as,them,improve,and it also brought them much fun.We all hope that such kinds of activity can be held again.,答案,but,activities,
