1、第6节 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态、主谓一致),专题一 第二部分 基础语法,真题诊断,考点突破,专项训练,内容索引,真题诊断,【单句语法填空】 1.Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country (grow) more corn than rice.(2018全国),has grown,答案,解析,解析 由时间状语since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。,1,3,4,5,2,2.I still remember
2、visiting a friend whod lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江),was shocked,答案,解析,解析 根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；而I与shock是被动关系，故用被动语态。,1,3,4,5,2,3.When fat and salt (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017
3、全国),are removed,答案,解析,解析 根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。,1,3,4,5,2,4.Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full-time.(2017全国),has been t
4、old/was told,答案,解析,解析 空处句意为：萨拉被告知，她能够成为英国新的超级名模，在下一年收入一百万美元。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，tell与主语Sarah是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故填was told。此处也可用现在完成时的被动语态，强调对现在造成的影响。,1,3,4,5,2,5.Later，engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国),managed,答案,解析,解析 根据句子的时间状语Lat
5、er以及从句的谓语动词became可知，这里用一般过去时。,1,3,4,5,2,【诊断报告】,考点突破,(一)一般现在时 1.表示现在的状态或经常、反复、习惯性的动作。 2.表示客观事实或普遍真理。 3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as，if等引导的表示将来行为的时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，表示将来的动作或状态。,考点一 时态高频考点(一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时),(二)一般过去时 1.表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday
6、，last month，just now，the other day，three days ago等。 2.表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作，常与often，always，usually，seldom等表示频率的副词连用。 3.在条件、时间、方式、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 4.用于固定句式中，如：It is time that sb. did sth. (是某人该做某事的时候了)；It is some time since sb. did sth. (自从某人做某事到现在已经多长时间了)等。,(三)现在完成时 1.表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果
7、，常与lately，recently，so far，by now，up to now，in/during/over the past/last few days等连用。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since时间点”或“for时间段”等连用。 3.用于固定句式中，如：It/This/That is the first/second/.time that.(从句谓语动词用现在完成时)，意为“这是第一/二/次”。,例1 Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at
8、the moment，school (come) first.”(2017全国),comes,解析 此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。,答案,解析,例2 I didnt realize how right my parents (be) until I entered high school.,解析 根据主句的谓语didnt realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知，此处说的是过去的事情，所以应填were。,答案,解析,were,例3 While regularly eating out seems to (bec
9、ome) common for many young people in recent years，its not without a cost. (20186月浙江),解析 根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。,答案,解析,have become,(一)过去完成时 1.表示过去某一时间或动作前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by .，until .，when .，before .等。 2.表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 3.用在had hard
10、ly/scarcely/rarely .when .和had no sooner .than .句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“刚就”。 4.在“It/This/That was the first/second/.time that.”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。,考点二 时态低频考点(过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和过去将来时),(二)现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 2.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，st
11、ay，have，wear等表移动、方向的动词。 3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。,(三)过去进行时 1.过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at that time，at five yesterday afternoon等连用。 2.表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，用于此用法的常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。,(四)一般将来时 1.“shall/will动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态
12、。“will动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 2.“be going to动词原形”表示：a.现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；b.根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 3.“be to动词原形”表示：a.预先安排好的计划或约定；b.说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等；c.注定要发生的事情。 4.“be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间的状语连用。 (五)过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。,例4 Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded alo
13、ng the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,解析 由时间状语by about 100 BC可知，这是发生在公元前100年之前的事情，表示的是“过去的过去”。所以用过去完成时。句意为：到大约公元前100年，丝绸已经成为沿丝绸之路运输的主要货物之一。,答案,解析,had become,例5 When I also drove forward，a man (stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as they drove past.(2018山东青岛质检),解析 表示过去的某个时刻正在做某事，应用过去进行时，且主语
14、a man为第三人称单数，故填was standing。,答案,解析,was standing,被动语态的使用规则： 1.被动语态的构成规则,考点三 被动语态,2.只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语有last，cost，spread，happen (to)，take place，belong to，break out，go out，run out，work out。,例6 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil (use) for coo
15、king.,答案,解析,解析 句意为：每天他都确保烹饪使用的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的食用油。主语“fresh vegetables and high quality oil”与动词use之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填are used。,are used,例7 Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey (look) like rain!,答案,解析,解析 look like看起来像，没有被动语态。前面是一般过去时，故此处也用一般过去时。,looked,1.就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，a
16、s well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 2.就近原则：由or，either .or .，neither .nor .，not only .but (also) .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 3.由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。,考点四 主谓一致,4.不定式、动名词或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，
17、谓语动词用复数。 5.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。,例8 Fast food (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017全国),答案,解析,解析 此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语“Fast food”是不可数名词，故填is。,is,例9 He would ask who we
18、(be) and pretend not to know us.,答案,解析,解析 主语是we，且时态应与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致，用过去时，故填were。,were,专项训练,.单句语法填空 1.Over the last two generations in the UK and US，industrialization (slow) down and more people have become dissatisfied with life in urban areas.(2017浙江杭州七校联考),解析 根据时间状语“Over the last two generations”可知
19、，本句时态要用现在完成时态，主语industrialization是抽象名词且与谓语是主动关系。故填has slowed。,答案,解析,has slowed,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,2.People (have) better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.(2017北京),解析 句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，因此寿命更长了。由句子结构和句意可知，此句叙述的是现在的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。,答案,解析,have
20、,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,3.At first，both of them joined together and the frog (lead) his friend towards the pool in which he lived，and didnt stop until he reached the side of the water.,解析 与and前的joined呼应，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。,答案,解析,led,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,4.As you go throu
21、gh this book，you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.,解析 本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来，故主句需用一般将来时。,答案,解析,will find,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,5.Actually I did.I phoned the manager this morning，expressing my unhappiness with their foo
22、d.And he promised that he (look) into my complaint as soon as possible.,解析 由promised可知，此处表示从过去看将要发生的动作，要用过去将来时。,答案,解析,would look,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,6.We (leave) very early so we packed the night before.,解析 句意为：我们打算很早就出发，因此我们前一夜就打好包了。此处表示过去计划好将要发生的动作，用过去进行时表示将来。,答案,解析,were leaving,1,
23、2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,7.One day I (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was WagmanLindas married name.,解析 考查句式be doing .when .，再根据One day可判断应用过去时，故填was reading。,答案,解析,was reading,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,
24、8.Shortly after he borrowed this book，he (call) to London to continue his research.,解析 根据borrowed可推知设空处需用一般过去时，主语he与call为被动关系，故设空处需用一般过去时的被动语态。,答案,解析,was called,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,9.It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write (belong) to all people.,
25、解析 主句为It is about taking action to show the world，that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right to read and write，belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。,答案,解析,belongs,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,10.How close parents are to their children (have) a strong influence on the development of the childrens characters.,
26、解析 从句How close parents are to their children作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，故填has。have an influence on为固定短语，意为“对有影响”。句意为：父母与孩子之间的亲密程度对孩子性格的形成有很大的影响。,答案,解析,has,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,11.She told me they (not，make) any decision about her mother coming to live with them yet.,解析 根据语境可知，make这一动作发生在told之前，表示
27、“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。,答案,解析,hadnt made,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,12.I have to go to work by taxi because my car (repair) at the garage.,解析 根据句意“我不得不乘出租车去上班，因为我的车正在修理厂修理”可知，repair是一个正在发生的动作，且my car与repair之间是被动关系，故此句应用现在进行时的被动语态。,答案,解析,is being repaired,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,13.That
28、 was the first time that I (apply) for a part-time job，and it was such a success.,解析 句意为：那是我第一次申请兼职工作，而且我做得很成功。That was the first timethat从句，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,答案,解析,had applied,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,14.She (prove) very patient and warm-hearted.,解析 句意为：结果证明她很有耐心、很热心。此处prove是系动词，意为“结果是，证明是”
29、，不用于被动语态。,答案,解析,proved,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,15.There (exist) now a park that has a small river running through.,解析 此句为倒装句，主语为a park，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且由now及从句中的has可知，应用一般现在时态，故填exists。,答案,解析,exists,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,语篇解读 文章讲述了Christopher Cockerell改进了妈妈的缝纫机，使其工作更快，但是妈妈却
30、不想用的故事。该故事告诉我们一个道理：很多人不喜欢新的观点。,.语法填空时态与语态专练 When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once 16._ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.,答案,语篇解读,解析16,watched,16.解析 由前面的时间状语When he was a l
31、ittle boy可知，应用过去时。,“I suppose it would，” said his mother，without paying him any attention. Christopher 17. (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help her. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 18. (buy) him as a gift.“I 19. (make) better use of it，” little C
32、hristopher said to himself.So，when his mother 20. (not，use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 21. (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother 22. (like) it.,knew,had bought,shall/will make,was not using,was finished,would like,答案,解析18,解析19,解析20,解析21,解析22,解析1
33、7,17.解析 文章整体是叙述的过去的事，应该用过去时。,18.解析 buy这个动作发生在there was这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。,19.解析 句意为：我将要更好地利用它。表示一个将来的动作，应该用将来时。,20.解析 句意为：当他的妈妈不用缝纫机的时候，他将玩具蒸汽机固定在了上面。根据语境可知此处应用过去进行时。,21.解析 job与finish之间是被动关系，时态用过去时，故填was finished。,22.解析 根据语境可知，此处表示过去的将来，故用过去将来时。,“Very clever，” his mother said，when she 23. (see)
34、 it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I 24._ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained. This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries to improve anything 25. (have) to learn：Many people dont like new ideas.,答案,解析23,解析24,解析25,saw,working,has,have been,23.解析 由his mother said可知，应该用过去时。,24.解析 由for many years可知，这个动作从过去持续到现在，有可能延续下去，故用现在完成进行时。,25.解析 此处表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。,
