1、考点四 动词的时态和语态,第一部分 语法突破,考向研究 高考对时态和语态的考查往往把两者结合起来进行,主要考查的时态有一般时、进行时、完成时等;借助时间状语确定所用时态;固定句式中的时态。对语态的考查主要表现在各种时态的语态形式,主、被动的混用等方面。,动 词,跟踪训练,栏目索引,动 词,技 法 口 诀 1,找准提示词, 巧解时态题。,关注几种时态的标志词 1.表示经常性或习惯性动作、客观事实或存在的状态要想到用一般现在时。every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等表示频率的时间状语是标志词。 Lig
2、ht travels at 300,000 kilometers a second. 光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。 2.表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般过去时。yesterday,last week,two days ago,the other day,in 1998,时间段later等时间状语是标志词。 When I was at school,I often went to the cinema on Sundays. 上学时,我星期天经常去看电影。,技法点击,3.表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态要想到用一般将来时。tomorrow,next year,in
3、a week等时间状语是标志词。 When shall we know the examination result? 我们什么时候知道考试结果? 4.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作要想到用现在进行时。all the time,now,at this moment,at present等时间状语是标志词。 I dont actually work here.I am helping out until the new secretary comes. 事实上我不在这儿工作。新秘书到来前我在这儿帮忙。,5.表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果产生的影响现在还存在,或持续到现在的动作或状态要想
4、到用现在完成时。since,recently,lately,already,for the last few years,so far,up to now,during the last时间段等时间状语是标志词。 Great changes have taken place in our village in the past ten years. 过去十年里我们村发生了很大的变化。 6.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态要想到用过去完成时。“by,by the end of,by the time”等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,它们是标志词。 By the time
5、Jack returned home from England,his son had graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。,1.Thanks to about 20 technology companies,brightly coloured shared bikes (flood) Beijing since last year. (2018丽水、衢州、湖州三市质检),答案,解析,解析 根据该句的时间状语since last year可知,该句中用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示“自去年以来,色彩鲜艳的共享单车涌入了北京”。,have
6、 flooded/have been flooding,过关检测,2.Its 4 a.m.and Danilo C.Dequia is already awake.Holding a flashlight and carrying a basket,he (walk) in the pre-dawn darkness along the shore of Old Poblacion Beach. (2018浙江“七彩阳光”联盟联考),答案,解析,解析 根据前一句中的Its 4 a.m.和is及其该句中的Holding a flashlight and carrying a basket并结合语
7、境可以判断,该处应用现在进行时,表示“在黎明前的黑暗中,Danilo C.Dequia拿着手电筒,提着篮子,正沿着海岸行走”。,is walking,3.Lanzhous cooking culture (develop) its own time-honored characteristics over the years.(2018浙江重点中学调研),答案,解析,解析 句意为:这些年来,兰州的饮食文化已经发展出了自己悠久的特色。根据时间状语over the years可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填has developed。,4.We sincerely hope more cultura
8、l exchanges of this kind (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.(2018内蒙古包头包钢一中一模),解析 根据句中的in the future可知应用将来时;exchanges与hold之间为被动关系,故答案为will be held。,has developed,will be held,5.Crossman (become) interested in Chinese culture as a teenager when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi.(2018河北唐山一模),答案,解析,解
9、析 根据时间状语when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi可知动词应用一般过去时。,6.These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they (post) earlier.(2018浙江原创冲刺卷八),解析 句意为:这些网站发布了最新的报道,并保存了之前发布的所有文章。the past articles是以前发布的,故用一般过去时。,became,posted,技 法 口 诀 2,参考平行谓语, 记牢固定句式。,1.并列连词and,but,or,both.and,nei
10、ther.nor,not only.but also.,as well as,rather than等可连接两个平行的结构。平行的另外一个结构所选谓语动词的先后关系,则决定着所选动词的时态。 When facing the either-or situation,I smiled and decided to trust my heart.当面对这个二选一的情况时,我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。 2.在“It/This/That is the序数词timethat从句”中,从句要用现在完成时;若前面的is为was,则从句用过去完成时。,技法点击,3.在no sooner.than.,hardly
11、/scarcely.when.中,主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过去时。 4.在It is (about/high) time that.中,从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do。,1.I hardly (ring) the bell when the door opened suddenly,and my son rushed out to greet me.(2018天津质检),答案,解析,解析 该句中含有hardly.when.结构,主句常用过去完成时。,had,rung,2.It was the first time that I ever (see) my strong
12、grandmother cry.(2018吉林长春二模),解析 考查句型It was the.time that.中的时态,在此句型中,that从句中要用过去完成时。,had,seen,过关检测,3.This neglected apprentice(学徒) conquered the lightning,made his name famous, (receive) degrees and diplomas from many colleges,and became forever remembered as “Doctor Franklin”. (2018贵州贵阳一模),答案,解析,解析
13、动作发生在过去,and连接几个并列的谓语动词,故此处与句中的conquered,made和became一致,也用一般过去时,故填received。,received,4.That was not the first time he (betray) us.I think its high time we (take) strong actions against him. (2018江苏泰州中学二模),答案,解析,解析 第一空为That was the first time (that) .的否定形式,从句中应使用过去完成时态;第二空为Its high/about time (that).句型
14、,从句应使用一般过去时或should do。,had betrayed,took/should take,技 法 口 诀 3,语境关系把握准, 相近时态别用混。,1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时仅表示过去发生的并已经完成的动作,与现在没有任何联系;而现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去但对现在造成了影响或动作仍然在持续,均与现在有联系。 2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时强调的是已完成或对现在有影响的动作,而现在完成进行时强调的是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作刚刚停止或仍在继续。请比较: I have written an article.(已完成) I have been
15、writing an article.(还在写),技法点击,1.Every Saturday since then,I (take) one marble out and thrown it away.(2018浙江十校联盟适应性考试),答案,解析,解析 根据句中的since then可知,此处应用现在完成时。,2.I (use) it whenever I have minor coughing since the flu broke out.(2018辽宁鞍山一中模拟),解析 句意为:自从流感爆发以来,我一有轻微的咳嗽就使用它。表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重
16、复发生的行动,用现在完成进行时。,have taken,have been using,过关检测,3.At first,mainly the Chinese (participate),but in the last decade,it has become an international festival and competition. (2018浙江台州三区适应性考试),答案,解析,解析 设空处所填词在句中作谓语,根据时间状语At first可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。,4.He knew no such word as “fail”,and always (succ
17、eed) in all he had tried.(2018浙江联盟校联考),解析 根据句中的knew,had tried可知,此处应用一般过去时,故填succeeded。,participated,succeeded,技 法 口 诀 4,主谓关系分析好, 语态形式记牢靠。,牢记常见时态的被动语态的构成,技法点击,有时做题时我们对于时态问题比较关注,但往往忽略了语态,因此我们可以采用“先语态,后时态”的方式。,1.So far,the photo (like) by more than 750,000 people on Facebook and shared more than 300,00
18、0 times. (2018杭州地区重点中学试题),答案,解析,解析 根据该句中的时间状语so far可知,这里应用现在完成时;根据语境可知,主语the photo与动词like之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。,has been liked,过关检测,答案,解析,2.Fortunately,the “safety bicycle” (invent) around 1885. (2018杭州质检),解析 safety bicycle和动词invent之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;根据时间状语around 1885可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。,was invente
19、d,答案,解析,3.With the building of the global comprehensive strategic partnership towards the 21st century between China and the UK,the relationship (deepen) by people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two countries.(2018山东淄博一模),解析 根据句意“两国人文交流加深了两国关系”可知用现在完成时态的被动语态,故填has been deepened。,has be
20、en deepened,答案,解析,4.It (connect) to the Internet where it gets information from a database.(2018浙江湖州五校模拟),解析 此处应用一般现在时表示客观情况;再结合主语it与动词connect之间为被动关系可知,此处应用其被动语态。,is connected,跟踪训练,答案,解析,1.The traditional Chinese marriage usually (involve) some necessary procedures,such as match-making,engagement,me
21、eting the bride,and three bows.(2018浙江十校联盟适应性考试),解析 根据该句中usually可知,此处表示经常发生的动作,故用一般现在时;主语the traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用单数形式。,involves,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,2.If we are blind to it,we are like a snail crawling slowly alone without knowing what (happen) around us.(2018宁波十校联考),解析
22、句意为:如果我们对它视而不见,我们就像孤独爬行的蜗牛一样,不知道周围正在发生的事情。此处表示正在发生的事情,故填is happening。,is happening,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,3.Plus,I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I (expect) to use chopsticks in almost every restaurant,stand and bar.(2018湖北八校联考),解析 根据句意可知,主语I与expect为被动关系,且描述过去发
23、生的事情,故用一般过去时的被动形式。,was expected,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,4.Pupils,who usually come from the fifth or sixth grade, (divide) into different teams and try to write down every word according to its pronunciation.(2018辽宁丹东一模),解析 Pupils与divide之间是被动关系,用被动语态,且前句用的一般现在时,所以这里也用一般现在时,综上所述,用一般现在时的被动语态,所以填are
24、divided。,are divided,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,5.But since then,sitting around the TV in silence (become) a regular evening activity.(2018河南六市一模),解析 根据句中时间状语since then可知与现在完成时连用,主语是sitting around the TV,动词与之一致用第三人称单数,故填has become。,has become,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,6.Whenever the truck goes by,t
25、he people of Funen turn and stare,some in wonder,others in admiration; for on its sides (print) the words TRACKER DOC and a telephone number.(2018四川德阳二诊),解析 on its sides放在句首,本句为倒装句,主语为the words与print之间是被动关系,用被动语态;由上一分句中的goes,turn和stare可知是描述一般状况,应用一般现在时,所以填are printed。,are printed,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,1
26、0,答案,解析,7.First,some old textbooks were collected and sent to those children so that the books could (reuse) by them.(2018山东聊城一模),解析 books和reuse之间是被动关系,故应用被动形式,且空前有情态动词could,后应用动词原形,故填be reused。,be reused,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,8.For more than twenty years scientists (search) for signs of life o
27、n other planets.(2018青海西宁一模),解析 句子主语scientists和search之间是主动关系,故应用主动语态,且search的动作从过去开始持续到现在,还在进行着,故用现在完成进行时。,have been searching,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,9.Despite the rising wages and costs of doing business in China,many luxury brands,such as Burberry,Armani,and Prada _ (produce) things here so fa
28、r.(2018甘肃一模),解析 句意为:尽管中国的工资和经营成本不断上升,但许多奢侈品牌,如巴宝莉、阿玛尼和普拉达,到目前为止仍在中国生产产品。由时间状语so far可知应该用现在完成时态,且brands和produce为主动关系,应用主动语态,故填have produced。,have produced,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,答案,解析,10.Tian received her first big break at the age of 18,when one of her artworks (display) during the Olympics held in China. (2018湖南衡阳一模),解析 句意为:田18岁时第一次获得重大突破,当时她的一件作品在中国举行的奥运会期间展出。发生在她18岁的事情用一般过去时态,作品被展出用被动语态,故填was displayed。,was displayed,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,