1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage Part Language Focus,.单词自测,1._ adj.电的，电动的_ n.电 2._ adj.内置的，嵌入式的 3._ n.黏土，陶土 4._ adj.& n.液体(的),electric,electricity,built-in,clay,liquid,5._ n.粉末；火药_ n.力量，统治_ adj.强大的；强有力的 6._ n.(计算机)编程 7._ vt.控诉，控告；谴责 8._ n.盗版；海上抢劫 9._ vi.逐渐消失；(使)变淡；走下坡路，衰落,powder,power,power
2、ful,programming,accuse,piracy,fade,.短语默写,1._ 在起重要作用 2._ 创立，建立 3._ 获利，赚钱 4._ 以结束 5._ 最后但同样重要的 6.work out _ 7.at any time _ 8.take part in _ 9.concentrate on _,play an important role in,set up,make a profit,end in,last but not least,计算，算出,在任何时候,参加，参与,集中精力于,1.accuse vt.控告；谴责语境感悟,(1)(教材P51)Music industr
3、y accuses Fanning of piracy 音乐界控告Fanning盗版 (2)Do other people accuse you of being self-centered? 别人指责你太以自我为中心吗？ (3)The police charged the prisoner with stealing the jewels. 警方指控囚犯偷窃珠宝。,归纳拓展 accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 即时跟踪 完成句子 I d
4、ont think its fair to _. 我觉得指责我有态度问题有失公允。,accuse me of having an attitude problem,The woman _her boss of having broken the labor law because he fired her when she was pregnant. A.competed B.charged C.accused D.amazed 解析 句意：这位妇女控告她的老板违反劳动法，因为她在怀孕期间被解雇了。accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事，符合句意。 答案 C,2.fade vi.逐渐消
5、失；(使)变淡；走下坡路，衰落 语境感悟,(1)(教材P51)In 2001 Fannings dream finally began to fade. 2001年Fanning的梦想终于开始破灭。 (2)Shes fading away day by day because of illness. 由于疾病，她的身体日渐衰弱。 归纳拓展 fade away (人)衰弱；病重死亡；逐渐消失 fade in (使画面)淡入；(使声音)渐强 fade out (使画面)淡出；(使声音)渐弱,即时跟踪 用适当的介/副词填空 George saw the monitor black out and t
6、hen a few words faded _. Memories of my sister faded _after many years. Fade _ the music at the end of the scene. My enthusiasm for Chinese football team _ because of their countless failures. A.appeared B.faded C.used up D.gave up 解析 句意：由于他们无数次的失败，我对中国足球队的热情逐渐消失。appear出现；fade逐渐消失；use up用光；give up放弃
7、。由句意知选B。 答案 B,in,away,out,1.end in 以结束/告终；以结尾语境感悟,(1)(教材P46)During the first few years，the company did not make a profit and Jeff Bezos thought that his efforts would end in failure. 前几年里，公司没有盈利，Jeff Bezos认为他的努力将以失败告终。 (2)You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. 你最后会得宇航员所说
8、的二氧化碳头痛病。 (3)If he carries on driving like that，hell end up dead. 如果他继续那样开车，早晚得死于非命。,归纳拓展 end up最终成为，最后处于 end up doing以结束；结果 end up with以结束 end upadj.以状况而告终 即时跟踪 完成句子 Their long struggle _. 他们长期以来的斗争以失败告终。 At first they hated each other but they _. 他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了最好的朋友。,ended in failure,ended up bec
9、oming best friends,2.concentrate on 集中精力于语境感悟,(1)(教材P51)He left university in order to concentrate on the project. 为了潜心研究这个项目，他大学辍学了。 (2)You should fix your mind on your work. 你应该专心工作。 (3)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。,归纳拓展 “集中精力于/致力于”的表达法有： concentrate ones energy/
10、mind/attention on. focus on. fix ones mind/attention on. put ones heart into. devote oneself to. 即时跟踪 用concentrate的适当形式填空 With his attention _ on his favorite novel，he didnt notice me come in. From now on，your thoughts must _ on your work.,concentrated,be concentrated,祈使句 语境感悟,(1)(教材P47)So，join the
11、Computer Club now to learn more about computers and the Internet. 因此，现在就加入电脑俱乐部吧，学习更多关于电脑和因特网的知识。 (2)Give me some cigarettes，can you? 给我些香烟，可以吗？ (3)Walk faster，cant you? 走快点，不行吗？,(4)Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. 始终谨记：你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。 归纳拓展 (1)教材原句为祈
12、使句，表示提出建议。祈使句一般都为提出意见或建议、发出命令或要求等 (2)“分句1and/or分句2”也是祈使句的常见结构，分句1相当于一个条件状语从句，分句2相当于一个主句 注意：有时根据语境的需要，祈使句的反意疑问句也可以用can you，cant you等。,即时跟踪 完成句子 Work hard _. 努力工作，你会通过考试的。 _，will you? 请别忘了寄信，好吗？,and youll pass the exam,Dont forget to post the letter,Sir，may I have three days off next week? _.You have
13、two meetings to attend. A.It depends B.Of course C.Forget it D.Thats for sure 解析 句意：先生，下周我可以请三天假吗？不行，你有两个会议要参加。Forget it不行，表示拒绝，符合句意。It depends视情况而定；Of course当然；Thats for sure那当然，那是肯定的。 答案 C,Part Grammar被动语态,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动
14、语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。,一、被动语态的构成,1.被动语态是由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成的，如果要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以用介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。,In the near future，more advances in the robot technology will be made by scientists. 在不久的将来，科学家在机器人技术方面将取得更多的进步。 This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve by the government l
15、ast year. 这个沿海地区去年被政府确定为国家野生动物保护区。,2.被动语态的形式。,Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting are being exhibited at the culture show. 像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术正在文化展示区展出。 All visitors to this village are treated with kindness. 所有到这个村的游客都受到了善意的对待。 After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team was
16、rescued four days later. 迷失在暴风雨中四天后，一名海军成员被救起。 Experiments of this kind had been conducted in both the U.S.and Europe well before the Second World War. 早在第二次世界大战之前这种实验在欧洲和美国就进行过。 How many expressways will have been completed by the end of next year? 到明年年底将建成多少条高速公路？,二、被动语态的用法,1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要说出谁是执
17、行者。,Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。,2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。,A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。(强调a new Hope School) Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. 阅览室里的书和报纸禁止被拿走。 (强调books and newspapers),3.为了使语气委婉，避免提及自己
18、或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得到更好的安排。,The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新实验室的建设必须在下个月月底前完成。 Youve been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已经被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。,三、主动语态与被动语态互换,1.主语谓语宾语。,“主语谓语宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语。 They will discuss the plan at t
19、he meeting. The plan will be discussed at the meeting by them. 他们将在会议上讨论这个计划。,2.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语。,在这个句型中，谓语动词后跟两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的直接宾语转化成主语。 His father bought him a computer last week. He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。,3.主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊情况。,(1)在使役动词have
20、，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动语态时，要加to。 My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. 我的爷爷一天要工作十个小时。 (2)含有宾语从句的主动语态变为被动语态时，通常用it作为被动结构的形式主语，从句放在句子后面，这类动词有：know，say，believe，find，think，report等。 It is said that part of the aircraft wing found o
21、n Reunion Island is from the missing MH370 plane. 据说在留尼汪岛被找到的部分机翼是来自失联的MH370的。,Its well-known that Sichuan Province provides a perfect natural habitat for pandas. 众所周知，四川省是熊猫最佳的天然栖息地。 (3)有些动词虽为及物动词，但宾语并非动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have，hold(容纳)，suit，fit，lack，contain，cost，last，mean等。 The hall can hold 500 people
22、. 这个大厅能容纳500人。 The book contains six chapters. 这本书包含六章。,四、主动形式表被动意义的情况,1.一些表示感官意义的连系动词，如taste(品尝起来)，sound(听起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，prove，turn，grow，fall，keep等，后接形容词或名词构成系表结构。,The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来香。 Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。,2.一些不及物动词，如open，close，shut，lock，move，read，write，wash，sell，
23、clean，cook，burn，draw，cut，wear，begin，start，finish，end，keep等，表示主语的某种属性、特征或所处状态(常与easily，quickly，well等副词连用)，而非强调动作本身时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。,The table cant move.这桌子移不动。 The door locks easily.这门容易锁上。,3.在“be形容词to do”结构中，不定式在作表语的形容词后充当状语，同时，主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，此时习惯上以主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词通常有difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，eno
24、ugh，sure，fit，nice，dangerous，comfortable，exciting，good，important等。,The text is easy to understand.这篇课文容易理解。,4.在need(want，require，deserve，etc.)doing句型中，动名词doing相当于动词不定式的被动式to be done，在意思上没有多大差别。,Our classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. Our classroom wants/needs/requires to be cleaned. 我们的教室需要打扫。,五
25、、被动结构和系表结构的区别,1.被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by人或by抽象名词表动作的执行者，而后者则一般不用。,The tree was blown down by the strong winds. 那棵树被强风吹倒了。(被动结构) The tree was blown down when we saw it. 我们看到那棵树时，它已经被吹倒了。(系表结构),2.系表结构一般只用于一般现在时、一般过去时等几种时态，而被动语态可用于多种时态。,The composition is well written. 这篇作文写得
26、很好。(系表结构) The composition is being written. 这篇作文正在被写。(被动语态),学法点拨 巧记被动语态,被动语态强调“宾”，用be加上“过去分”。 “be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。 “行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。 原句若有双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。 “间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。 “直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。 原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。 情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。 “短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。 不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还是要承认。,.用所给词的适当形式
27、填空 1.Its said that the long bridge _(build)in two months. 2.Where to have the meeting _(discuss)now. 3.Which language _ the most widely _(speak)in the world? 4.The lost boy hasnt _(find)so far. 5.Last year a large number of trees _(cut)down. 6.The students _ often _(tell)to take care of their desks
28、and chairs. 7.The old man is ill.He must _(send)to the hospital.,will be built,is being discussed,is,spoken,been found,were cut,are,told,be sent,8.Vegetables，eggs and fruits _(sell)in this shop. 9.The knives _(make)of metal(金属)and wood. 10.Can the magazine _(take)out of the library?,are sold,are mad
29、e,be taken,.按要求改写下列句子(一空一词),1.Is tea grown in South China？(改为主动语态)2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year.(同义句转换)3.The children will sing an English song.(改为被动语态)4.You neednt do it now.(改为被动语态)5.People use metal for making machines.(改为被动语态),_ _ _ _ in South China?A birthday present
30、_ _ _ _ by my parents every year.An English song _ _ _ by the children.It _ _ _ by you now.Metal _ _ _ _ _.,Do,people,grow,tea,is,given,to,me,will,be,sung,neednt,be,done,is,used,for,making,machines,6.He made me do that for him.(改为被动语态)7.They are watching the football match.(改为被动语态)8.Did they build a
31、 bridge here a year ago？(改为被动语态)9.They have sold out the light green dresses.(改为被动语态)10.We call the game “Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态),I _ _ _ _ that for him.The football match _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ by them a year ago?The light green dresses _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ “Lianliankan”by us.,was,made,to,do,is,being,watched
32、,by,them,Was,a,bridge,built,here,have,been,sold,out,The,game,is,called,.单项填空 1.More efforts，as reported，_ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.,A.are made B.will be made C.are being made D.have been made 解析 句意：正如报道的那样，要加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，
33、此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。 答案 B,2.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ with success in the end.,A.rewarded B.were rewarded C.will reward D.will be rewarded 解析 句意：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态；reward和e
34、fforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 答案 D,3.To my delight，I _ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.,A.was chosen B.was being chosen C.would choose D.had chosen 解析 句意：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。 答案 A,4.My washing machine _ th
35、is week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.,A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired 解析 句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣物。由时间状语this week可知要表达的动作和现在有关，排除A。且洗衣机是被修理的，因此用现在进行时的被动语态，据此排除B、D。 答案 C,5.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for tw
36、o days.,A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped 解析 句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山上两天的游客。游客被困发生在被救之前，表示过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时态。 答案 D,6.Unless some extra money _，the theatre will close.,A.was found B.finds C.is found D.found 解析 句意：除非找到额外的资金，要不然，这家剧院就得关门了。由句意可知，此处是unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，排除A、D两项。题中从句的主语some extra money与动词find之间为被动关系，因此要用被动语态，故排除B项，选C。 答案 C,
