1、第二部分 语法专题突破,专题七 形容词和副词,（必考：每年2-8题，2-10分，单项填空、完形、短文填空）,命题点 1 形容词和副词词义辨析,命题点 2 形容词和副词的比较等级,命题点 3 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空,形容词和副词为郴州中考的必考点。主要考查形容词词义辨析（12次）、副词词义辨析（6次）、形容词比较级（4次）、副词比较级（1次）和用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空（3次）。除了用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空在短文填空中考查外，其余均在单项填空和完形填空中考查。,命题点1 形容词和副词词义辨析,（必考：每年1-4题，1-6分，完形）,考向一 形容词词义辨析（高频：7年12考
2、，完形）,郴州中考对形容词的考查多是在语境中的词义辨析，也有同类形容词辨析。如：人物描述类，如：famous, poor, strange, friendly等；也有词义相对类，如：rightwrong, badgood,考法精讲,等；还会在固定搭配中考查。均在完形填空中考查。以下为郴州中考常考的形容词类别： 人物描述类（2017.31，2016.43，2014.34） active 积极的 clever 聪明的 crazy 疯狂的 famous有名的 friendly 友好的 healthy 健康的 honest 诚实的 polite 礼貌的 poor 贫穷的 shy 害羞的 strange
3、 奇怪的 strong 强壮的,天气类（2015.33，2013.32）,sunny 晴朗的 rainy 有雨的 windy 有风的 snowy 有雪的 cloudy 多云的 foggy 有雾的 hot 热的 cold 冷的 cool 凉爽的 warm 温暖的 wet 潮湿的 dry 干燥的,情绪类（2017.37，2016.43） angry 生气的 bored无聊的 excited兴奋的 happy 开心的 lonely孤单的 nervous紧张的 sad难过的 sorry抱歉的 tired劳累的 unhappy 不开心的 worried担心的,物品描述类（2013.31） busy忙碌的
4、 comfortable舒服的 delicious美味的 difficult困难的 funny有趣的 hard硬的 heavy重的 important重要的 interesting有趣的 long长的 quiet安静的useful有用的,词义相对类（2017.35，2014.40，2013.32，2011.45） rightwrong badgood hotcold quietnoisy longshort easyhard expensivecheap poorrich youngold differentsame warmcool usefuluseless,固定搭配类（2017.31）
5、be crazy about对疯狂 be sure about确保 be serious about对严肃 be careful about对小心 be good with和相处好 be strict with对严格 be popular with受到的欢迎,be good for对有好处 be bad for对有害 be famous for以闻名 be full of充满 be proud of为感到自豪 be afraid of害怕 be similar to与相似 be ready to乐意做某事,注：以上红色的词为郴州近7年中考所考查过的 更多形容词类别和固定搭配详见本书字词句篇记背
6、手册,拓展： 辨析v.-ing形容词与v.-ed形容词 1. v.-ing 和v.-ed是由现在分词和过去分词转化而来的形容词,具有形容词的性质。,2. v.-ing形容词主语一般为物，用来形容“物”本身具有的性质,表示“令人的”。如: This is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。 3. v.-ed形容词主语一般为人，用来形容“人”的感受,表示“感到的”。如: He is interested in history.他对历史感兴趣。,【现学现用】Simon used to be_, but now he takes part in different activi
7、ties and has made many new friends.A. honest B. outgoing C. shy 2. The price of this bicycle is quite_. I cant afford it.A. high B. low C. expensive,C,A,3. Dont hurry him. You will just have to be _ and wait until he finishes the work.A. active B. patient C. famous 4. My little sister is still very
8、_ with me because I broke her new cup yesterday.A. angry B. worried C. bored,B,A,5. Today, its a little _. Lets fly kites in the park.OK. Lets go.A. snowy B. rainy C. windy 6. Now people have free time and spare money,so travelling is becoming more and more_.A. difficult B. popular C. different,C,B,
9、7. Are you clear about the job of a policeman, Ben?Yes, to keep people _ and thesociety in good order.A. busy B. safe C. dangerous,B,考向二 副词词义辨析（高频：7年6考，完形）,郴州中考对副词的考查主要集中在方式副词（7年4考）和时间副词（7年3考），偶尔涉及频度副词（2013.40），多在完形填空中考查，也会在短文填空中考查。针对语境辨析类试题，考生首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息，并分析三个选项表达的意思，仔细分辨他们之间的差异，最后选出,正确的答案。针
10、对短文填空题，主要记住一点，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。同时，考生积累记忆常见的副词是关键。 方式副词（2017.71，2016.38，2015.32，2014.39） 常见的以-ly结尾的副词（2016.38,2015.32,2014.39） carefully小心地 carelessly粗心地 clearly清晰地 easily简单地,especially尤其 excitedly兴奋地 finally最后 immediately立刻 quickly快速地 sadly伤心地 slowly缓慢地 suddenly突然地 luckily幸运地 unluckily不幸运地 2.其他类(2
11、017.71) fast快地 well好 alone独自 enough足够地,时间副词（2017.38，2012.45）,频度副词（2013.40）,程度副词,程度副词,词义,程度副词,词义,quite,相当,完全，十分,only,仅仅,rather,相当，颇,even,甚至,very,非常,enough,足够,much,许多,hardly,几乎不,pretty,非常,almost,差不多,so,如此,such,如此,too,太,nearly,几乎,地点副词,疑问副词,【现学现用】 8. It was late. She opened the door _ because she didnt
12、want to wake up her grandma.,B,A. angrily B. quietly C. heavily,9. The new amusement park will be opened next week. But the tickets for the first day have _ sold out.A. ever B. yet C. already 10. This math problem isnt so difficult that I can work it out _.A. easily B. usefully C. loudly,C,A,11. The
13、 soldiers were so tired that they could _ keep their eyes open after a long journey.A. quickly B. hardly C. easily 12. Do you like going mountain climbing?Yes. I_ do it on weekends with my friends.A. seldom B. often C. never,B,B,湖南真题精选,13.（2017泰州改编）My little sister is a(n) _ girl and she always asks
14、 me different kinds of strange questions.A. curious B. creative C. energetic,A,综合提升,14.（2017重庆B卷改编）There was a big fire yesterday. _, no one was hurt.A. Luckily B. Loudly C. Badly 15.（2017西宁改编）Why was the young man so _ in himself？Because he had too many failures.A. disappointed B. surprised C. inte
15、rested,A,A,16. (2017滨州改编)Its best to stay indoors, _ when PM2.5 reaches dangerous levels.,C,A. exactly B. possibly C. especially 17.（2017江西改编）Sleeping is a good thing, but some people sleep _.A. easily B. badly C. well,B,18. （2017莱芜改编）In order to sell more products, we need to come up with more _ id
16、eas.A. common B. simple C. creative,C,2018预测,19. He won in the story competition and his parents were very _.A. smart B. proud C. upset 20. With the development of technology and economy, more and more high-speed railways will be built _.A. quickly B. slowly C. simply,B,A,21. Sam is _ about his spee
17、ch because he thinks he is well prepared.A. honest B. confident C. active 22. Tom fell off his bike, and his hand was hurt _ this morning.A. clearly B. carefully C. badly,B,C,23. Tom, dont be _. You should make your bed every morning.Sorry, Dad. Ill do it at once.A. lazy B. shy C. careless 24. Dont
18、be _ to make mistakes when you speak English because practice makes perfect.A. sad B. afraid C. happy,A,B,命题点2 形容词和副词的比较等级,郴州中考对形容词和副词的比较等级多考查形容词比较级，只考查1次副词比较级，主要涉及原级比较、有标志词than的比较级和特殊句型the+比较级，the+比较级，均在单项填空中考查。,（2017.24，2016.30,2014.25,2012.30,2011.24，单项填空）,考法精讲,解答此类试题时，首先分析语境，找到句中的关键词，如：as.as通常是原
19、级比较，than通常是比较级，one of后通常是最高级。同时考生还要注意多积累比较等级的一些特殊句型(如：the more.the more.; more and more.等)、多音节形容词和不规则形容词比较等级形式。,形容词和副词的比较等级变化 1.规则变化（2012. 30，2011. 24）,构成方法,原级,比较级,最高级,单音节,直接在词尾加-er或 -est,few fast,fewer(2012.30) faster(2011.24),fewest fastest,以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r 或-st,nice large,nicer larger,nicest larges
20、t,以重读闭音节结尾, 若末尾只有一个辅音字母, 则双写这一辅音字母, 再加-er或-est,big fat hot,bigger fatter hotter,biggest fattest hottest,巧学妙记： 形容词和副词比较等级变化口诀 比较级要变化, 一般词尾加-er； 词尾若有哑音e, 直接加-r就可以； 一辅重读闭音节, 辅音字母要双写； 辅音字母加个y, 要把y改为i； 最高级加-est, 前面加the 莫忘记； 形容词若是多音节, 只把more, most前面写。,2. 不规则变化(2017.24, 2014.25),原级,比较级,最高级,good/well,better
21、,best,ill/bad/badly,worse,worst,many/much,more,most,little,less,least,far,farther/further,farthest/furthest,old,older/elder,oldest/eldest,short _ _ few _ _ thin _ _ late _ _ badly _ _ lazy _ _ far _ _ delicious _ _,shorter,shortest,fewer,fewest,thinner,thinnest,later,latest,worse,worst,lazier,lazies
22、t,farther/further,farthest/furthest,more delicious,most delicious,well _ _ little _ _形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1. 形容词和副词的原级比较(2016.30),better,best,less,least,AB：A.+not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B,I am not so careful as Lucy.我不如露西细心。 I cant type as/so fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。,表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”结构（
23、一倍：once; 两倍：twice;三倍及以上：基数词+times）,Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。,2. 形容词和副词的比较级（2017.24，2014.25，2012.30，2011.24）,主语+be+the+比较级+of the two.表示“两者之间较的一个”,Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是这对双胞胎中较高的那个。,表示“越来越”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+形容词原级”,Our hometown is
24、becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。 She goes farther and farther. I cant see her.她走得越来越远。我看不见她了。,3. 形容词和副词的最高级,主要结构,例句,主语+be+the+最高级+of /in+比较范围,He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩中最高的。 He runs(the) fastest in the whole class.他是全班跑得最快的。,表示“最的之一”时，用“主语+be+one of+the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构,J
25、ay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。,表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who+be+the+最高级，A，B or C？”结构,Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是广州？,表示“中第几最”时，用“the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数形式+其他”结构,It is the second tallest tower in the world. 这是世界上第二高的塔。,湖南
26、真题精选,26. (2017年24题)The harder we study, the _ result we will get.A. good B. better C. best,B,综合提升,27.（2014年25题）The article is kind of difficult for me.,Take it easy. The more you read, the _ youll understand.A. well B. best C. better 28.（2012年30题）The more careful you are, the _ mistakes you will mak
27、e.A. few B. fewer C. fewest,C,B,29.（2011年24题）The high-speed trains are much _ than the common ones.,B,A. fast B. faster C. fastest 30.（2017 张家界19题）Lily and I both like sports, but she plays tennis _ than me.A. good B. better C. the best,B,31.（2017岳阳24题）Macron is _ president in French history.A. the
28、youngestB. younger C. young,A,32.（2017永州22题）Why do many people buy things online on Nov. 11th?Because there are so many sales, and the prices are _.A. much lower B. more cheapC. more expensive,A,33.（2017湘潭23题）One of _ places for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.A. popular B. more popular,C. the mo
29、st popular 34. (2016株洲28题)As our children get bigger, our house seems to get _. A. the smaller B. smaller C. smallest,C,C. the most popular 34. (2016株洲28题)As our children get bigger, our house seems to get _. A. the smaller B. smaller C. smallest,C,35. (2016常德33题)Li Huas shoes are as _ as Zhang Huis
30、. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheapest 36.（2015长沙29题）There will be _,A,A,cars in the city because people will prefer subway. A. fewer B. less C. more,2018预测,37. Mr. Wang is very friendly to us. He is _ of all the persons I know.A. patient B. more patient C. the most patient,C,38. The earlier kids lea
31、rn to be independent, the _ it is for their future.A. good B. well C. better 39. I think its necessary to learn how to work in groups.I quite agree. Sometimes its even_ than grades.A. important B. more importantC. the most important,C,B,40. As people get older, their short-term memory becomes _ and
32、they cant remember things clearly.A. bad B. worse C. worst 41. After practicing speaking English for several months, I can speak much _ now.A. well B. better C. best,B,B,42. The talent show is _ the game show. I like both.A. as boring as B. not so interested asC. as interesting as 43. Which season d
33、o you like _ in Chenzhou, summer or winter?Summer.A. well B. better C. best,C,B,命题点3 用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空,郴州中考2017年新增题型考查了用所给形容词和副词的适当形式填空，具体考查特点如下：,（ 2017.67,2017.71,2017.72，短文填空）,考法精讲,3. 所填的1个形容词比较级，在句中作定语，修饰名词；4. 所填的2个副词分别为时间副词（2017.72）和方式副词（2017.71）。,1. 方框中给出1个形容词比较级，2个副词；2. 所填词均和方框中给出的词一致，没有变形；,如何判
34、断空格处使用形容词 1.位于系动词后作表语。如： The girl is very careful.这个女孩很细心。 2.位于名词前作定语（2017.67）。如： Tell me your honest opinion.告诉我你的真实想法。,3.位于复合不定代词之后，修饰复合不定代词。如： I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 4.位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make, leave, keep等动词连用。如： Youd better keep the window open.你最好让窗户开着。,如何判断空格处使用副词 1.位于实
35、义动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，常用频度副词（2017.71）。如： It is usually crowded in the supermarket at weekends.在周末超市通常是拥挤的。 2.位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子。如： Unfortunately, he was out.很遗憾，他出去了。,3.修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（2017.71）。如： He parked the car very easily.他很轻易就把汽车停放好了。 4. 用于固定搭配中（2017.72）。如： half an hour later半个小时后,如何判断空格处使用比较等级 1. 若空
36、前有much, even, far等比较级标志词时，用比较级； 2. 形容词与副词比较等级的常见句型 详见本专题命题点2形容词和副词的比较等级,形容词与副词的转化 常见形容词变副词主要有如下几种情况： 1. 加-ly或去e加-ly。如： carefulcarefully 细致地；小心地；谨慎地 certaincertainly 无疑；肯定；当然；行 clearclearly 清楚地；清晰地；明白地 usualusually 通常地；一般地 widewidely 广泛地；普遍地,2. 以y结尾的变y为i加-ly。如： easyeasily 容易地 happyhappily 开心地；高兴地 hea
37、vyheavily 在很大程度上；猛烈地 (un)lucky(un)luckily (不)幸运地,3. 以le结尾的变le为ly。如： (im)possible(im)possibly (不)可能地 probableprobably 很可能；大概,simplesimply 简单地 更多形容词词性转化详见本书字词句篇记背手册,湖南真题精选,综合提升,In our class no one can sing _ than Alice.,better,In China, its _ to stick your chopsticks into your food when you eat. The k
38、id is so young that he can_ dress himself. I think David is the _ basketball player in our school.,impolite,hardly,most famous,The library is between the school and the hospital. You can find it _. Hed like to get some suggestions on how to learn _ and well. Nowadays WeChat is _ used in our daily li
39、fe. I know _ how the event developed gradually.,easily,wisely,widely,exactly,We think Mr. Li is one of _ teachers in our school. The difficulties will become weaker as long as you face them _ enough. Although he is two years younger than me, he is much _ than me now. Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us _.,the most popular,bravely,taller,patiently,
