1、第二部分 语法专题突破,专题十五 复合句,命题点1 宾语从句,命题点2 定语从句,命题点3 状语从句,命题点1 宾语从句 (长沙、株洲：近4年各3考；岳阳、湘潭：近4年各2考；怀化：4年4考，语法填空、完形填空)分析湖南各地市近4年中考真题可知, 宾语从句是各地市的高频考点。主要在语法填空中考查，完形填空中考查较少。主要考查以下几种形式：,考法精讲,1. 引导词和时态相同, 语序不同(2017，2015年2 考,2014怀化30题)； 2. 引导词相同, 语序和时态不同(2016年2考, 2014年2考)； 3. 时态一致, 语序和引导词不同(2017长沙30题，2016岳阳34题,2015年
2、2考,2014长沙35题)； 4. 仅考查引导词词义辨析(2014湘潭35题)；,考生在做此类试题时, 可以从以下三个方面着手： 1. 先从语序着手。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序； 2. 根据答语来判断引导词。what(提问内容)、when/what time(提问时间)、where(提问地点)、why(提问原因)、how(提问方式)等；,3. 再考虑时态。一般情况下, 宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致, 但是, 如果从句有明显的时间状语, 要根据时间状语来判断时态。,宾语从句的具体用法：,疑问词+动词不定式“疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词ho
3、w, when, where等。这些疑问词和动词不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。,如： I really dont know what to write about. 我真的不知道写什么。 I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他怎样学好英语。,拓,展,1. (2017长沙30题)Could you please tell me _? For two weeks. A. how soon he will be back B. how long he will be away C. how long will he
4、be away,B,综合提升,湖南4年真题面对面,2. (2017张家界23题)Can you tell me , Rose_? Im not sure. Maybe hes in the classroom. A. where is Tom B. where Tom is C. Tom is where 3. (2017益阳30题)Could you please tell me _?how old are you B. when he will come back C. where is he from,B,B,4. (2017怀化30题)Can you tell me_ ? A. wha
5、t does the Belt and Road mean B. what the Belt and Road means C. what will the Belt and Road mean 5. (2016怀化30题)Excuse me, could you tell me_? Go along the street. Its on your right. A. where the bank is B. where is the bank C. where was the bank,B,A,6. (2016株洲35题)Do you know when _ today?is the boo
6、kstore closed B. does the bookstore close C. the bookstore closes,C,7. (2016湘西35题)Tomorrow is Mothers Day. I dont know_. I think you could buy a scarf for her. A. what can I buy for her B. what I will buy for her C. what should I buy for her,B,8. (2015永州26题)Could you please tell me _ next? A. how to
7、 do B. how to do it C. what to do it 9. (2015长沙30题)Could you tell me_ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? Sure. People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.when do people celebrate B. why people celebrate C. how people celebrate,B,C,10. (2015永州27题)He asked me _.A. where was the Chaoyang
8、 ParkB. how far was the Chaoyang Park from hereC. how he could get to the Chaoyang Park,C,11. (2015湘潭35题)Hello! John. Im calling to ask you _ tomorrow. It starts at 9:00 am. A. when the graduation ceremony will begin B. when will the graduation ceremony begin C. when does the graduation ceremony beg
9、in,A,12. (2015张家界35题)Gina always asks_, because her things are everywhere. A. where are her keys B. her keys are where C. where her keys are 13. (2015邵阳24题)Do you know _? A. when Jackie Chan was born B. when was Jackie Chan born C. when did Jackie Chan born,C,A,14. (2015湘西35题)Excuse me，could you tel
10、l me_? Sure. Go along the street. It is on your right. A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. the post office is where,B,15. (2014岳阳35题)I wonder_ for Beijing yesterday. A. when did they leave B. when they left C. when they leave,B,16. (2015怀化30题)Excuse me, do you know_ ? Sure. Th
11、eres a supermarket down the street. A. where I can buy a pair of shoes B. where can I buy a pair of shoes C. how can I buy a pair of shoes 17. (2014益阳26题)She wants to know_ . A. what your mother does B. how old are you C. where are you from,A,A,18. (2014怀化30题)Could you tell me_ ? A. how can I get to
12、 the post office B. how I can get to the post office C. how do you make a kite 19. (2014株洲35题)Could you please tell me_ get to the White House? A. how I can B. how can I C. how could I,A,20. (2014湘潭34题)We plan to have a picnic tomorrow, so I wonder if _.will it rain B. it rains C. it will rain,C,201
13、8预测 21. Excuse me. Could you please tell me _? Of course. Walk along the street to the end and you can find a bank. A. where I can find a bank B. where can I find a bank C. why I can go to the bank,A,22. There are so many foggy days recently. We all wonder _. A. where is the air polluted B. where th
14、e air is seriously polluted C. what we can do to improve the air,C,23. Excuse me. Could you tell me _ about the local history and culture? Of course. You can check it on this computer. A. where can I get the information B. what I got the information C. where I can get the information,C,24. Do you kn
15、ow _? Let me see. I remember it was on March 18th.why they moved here B. when they moved here C. when did they move here,B,25. Could you tell me_ ? Because it rained heavily. A. why you arrived late yesterday B. why did you arrive late yesterday C. how you arrived there yesterday,A,26. There were so
16、 many people over there. I wanted to know_ . what happened B. what happens C. what did happen 27. Look at the man in blue! Do you know _? Oh, he is a policeman. A. what he will do B. what he does C. how he does the job,A,B,28. My father asked me _. I told him I really had fun. A. whether I will go t
17、o the party B. when I went to the party C. whether I enjoyed myself at the party 29. We cant decide _ the problem of stress. A. what to deal with B. why to deal with C. how to deal with,C,C,30. Im just wondering _ for my best friend Lindas birthday. Can you help me? A. what to buy B. when to buy C.
18、where to buy,A,命题点2 定语从句 (长沙：4年2考；岳阳：4年3考；株洲、湘潭：近4年4考；怀化：2017年29题，语法填空、完形填空)分析湖南各地市近4年中考真题可知，定语从句主要在语法填空中考查关系代词who(8次)，which(3次)，that(2次)的用法，关系副词考查较少。完形填空中仅考查1次who的用法(2016岳阳39题)。,考法精讲,选项设置上以关系代词的用法辨析、关系代词与关系副词的混合辨析为主，也会涉及混淆项what。 考生在解答该类试题的时候, 需注意以下三点： 1. 首先根据语境, 分析句子结构, 找出先行词； 2. 然后把先行词还原到从句中, 确定先行
19、词在句子中所作的成分；,3. 最后在选择关系词时, 要看先行词是指人、指物还是既指人又指物。若指人，则用who或whom;若指物，则用which;若既指人又指物，则用that或whose, 然后根据各关系词的用法做出正确的判断。,关系代词的基本用法,关系代词只能用that而不用which的情况： 先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little或the one等时。如：Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我能为您效劳的吗？ 2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。如：He was
20、the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。,3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如： The only thing that I want to do is to have a good rest. 我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。 4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如： The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really well-known. 你刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影真的很出名。,5. 当主句是以who，
21、 which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的那位男士是谁？, 关系副词的基本用法,湖南4年真题面对面 31. (2017岳阳28题)We should look up to those scientists _ sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to s pace. A. which B. who C. what 32. (2017张家界24题)Do you like Jay Chou? Yes. I like singers _ sing pop s
22、ongs. A. which B. when C. who,B,C,考法精讲,33. (2017永州30题)Have you heard about the TV program Reader _ is very popular now? A. which B. who C. where 34. (2017怀化29题)Do you know the man _ is talking with our Chinese teacher? Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King. A. which B. who C. whom,A,B,35. (2016长沙29题)What ar
23、e you doing, Tim? I am listening to the song Long Live _ makes me feel excited. A. which B. who C. / 36. (2016湘潭32题)I prefer friends _ are different from me. A. which B. whose C. who,A,C,37. (2016株洲27题)The watch _ you gave me keeps perfect time. A. who B. what C. that 38. (2015岳阳34题)I love pop music
24、_ I can dance to. A. where B. who C. that,C,C,39. (2014湘潭30题)I prefer the singers _write their own songs. A. which B. whose C. who 40. (2014张家界33题)Home is not simply a place _you go after school. A. there B. which C. where,C,C,2018预测 41. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movi
25、e experience _ people cannot get at home. A. that B. who C. what 42. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. which C. where,A,A,43. What kind of TV shows do you prefer? I like the ones _ make me laugh. A. who B. wha
26、t C. that 44. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. that B. what C. which,C,A,45. Who won the first prize in English speech contest? The prize went to the girl _ speech was the most natural and fluent. A. that B. who C. whose 46. I will never forget the days _ we worked together. A
27、. what B. why C. when,C,C,47. Yesterday I visited the village _my father used to live. A. where B. what C. which 48. Have you found the information about famous scientists _ you can use for the report? Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet. A. where B. which C. who,A,B,命题点3 状语从句 (长沙：4年8考；岳阳：4年4考；
28、株洲：4年6考；怀化：2016年38题；湘潭：4年7考，语法填空、完形填空、语篇翻译)湖南各地市近4年中考真题主要在语法填空中考查状语从句（9次）, 完形填空中考查较少（4次）。,考法精讲,when/as/as soon as引导的时间状语从句（4次）， as long as/unless引导的条件状语从句（2次）， because/as引导的原因状语从句（3次）， though/although引导的让步状语从句（6次）为主。语篇翻译中也会涉及状语从句（13次）。,引导词,(各引导词具体用法可参考本书第二部分专题六 连词命题点2 从属连词P139),时态 1. 主将从现。在时间、条件状语从句
29、中，若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。,2. since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如： Our English teacher has worked in this school since she graduated from Peking University. 从北京大学毕业后，
30、我们英语老师就在这所学校上班。,49. _the dinner was all over， everyone helped wash the dishes， because sharing the housework is every family members duty. A. If B. When C. Before 50. Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? Sure. Ill give it to her as soon as she _ here. A. is arriving B. arrives C. will arrive
31、,B,B,综合提升,51. She was_ angry at what he was doing _ she walked out and closed the door heavily behind her. A. so; that B. such; that C. enough; to 52. We hardly ever contact each other after graduation _we all live nearby. A. unless B. if C. although,A,C,53. She is listening to music _he is doing hi
32、s homework. A. After B. when C. while 54. Chen Wei isnt at school today, because he is taking part in a robot competition in Shanghai. _,C,陈伟今天不在学校，因为他正在上海参加机器人大赛。,55. Although he had failed many times, he didnt give up and succeeded in the end. _ _ 56. She dressed up in order that everyone might notice her. _,尽管他已经失败很多次了，但是他没有放弃并最 终成功了。,她盛装打扮为了每个人都可能注意到她。,温馨提示 请完成练习册,
