1、Unit 1 getting along with others,Grammar,名词性从句,Noun Clause,Just have a go. Can you choose the best answer to each sentence?,1. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. 2. We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to
2、 study abroad. 3._makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.,that,whether,What,4. See the flags on top of the building? That was_we did this morning. 5. Please remind me_he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. 6. - What did your parents think about your decisi
3、on? - They always let me do _ I think I should. 7. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.,what,when,what,that,Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would com
4、e to China again.,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于 名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、 表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在 句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont
5、like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man, Mr. White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,宾语,1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. 3. This is _ he was often late for school.4. We all know the truth _ th
6、e earth _(move) around the sun.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,That,whether,why,that,moves,At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. What surprised me most was that the old
7、man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity.,Predictive Clause (表语从句),Object Clause (宾语从句),Subject Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause 同位语从句,Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them,1 That he will succeed is certain . 2 Whether he w
8、ill go there is not known . 3 What he said is not true . 4 Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5 Whoever comes is welcome. 6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,主语从句,“It” is used as empty subject
9、,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.It is certain that he will succeed. 2.It is not known whether he will go there. 3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that 很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Its said/ reported that据说/据报道It seems/app
10、ears/happens that显然、明显、 碰巧 Its been announced/declared that 已经通知/宣布 Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying（俗话说）that,在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they wil
11、l support us . He asked how much I paid for the violin. He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job . I find it necessary that we should do the homework.,Tell the function of the following clauses,2.宾语从句,that, whether，if （ that 常可省略）who, what, which, whoever, whatever,
12、when where why how,连词,当whether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if. I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略 We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.He tol
13、d me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,连接词,when / where /
14、why / how / because,that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句),连接代词：,who / whom / whose / which / what,连接副词,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether,1) The idea that computers can recognize huma
15、n voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察) them .,3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.,同位语从句,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents
16、 and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit inChina./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,4.T
17、ime travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof forthe idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especiallykids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents ho
18、ld the view that teenagersshouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be givenmore free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,Do the Exercise,分析下列宾语从句中的连词,I dont d
19、oubt （that ）you will succeed. I dont know whether/if he will come tonight. I doubt if /whether you will keep your promise.,3个句子中的连词that, whether, if （是否）在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词 注意：A. that 本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。 B. whether 和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether 可以用于所有的四种名词性从句，而if 仅可以用于宾
20、语从句。,引导名词从句的关联词。,连接词,一、名词性从句的语序,（1） 名词性从句构成有两种,a. That + 陈述句,That light travels in straight lines is known to all.,This is what we are looking for.,名词性从句考点归纳,b. 疑问词+句子的剩余成分,(2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )
21、,你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ),二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。 但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名 词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主 语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从 句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that / what,1._ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants t
22、o go there is obvious. 3.The result is _ we won the game. 4.This is _ we want to know. 5.Is _ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句
23、c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,if 和whether 的选用,不能使用if 的情况：,1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5.
24、I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if / whether,其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、wh
25、en、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。 I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。 I have no idea _ he looks like. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that 可省略的情况：,t
26、hat不可省略的情况： 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的 引导词that 不能省略,引导词that 的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,1.I dont think _ she is coming. 2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3.The reason is _ he is careless . 4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5.I dont think it necessary _ you should
27、 read English aloud. 6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/ (that),1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,三、同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+ 连接词 + 从句,order, belief, suggestion, advice ,information等,whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位
28、语从句。,fact、idea, news,1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money. 3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4.I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/ whether /
29、 where/ how,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,1.Th
30、e information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.,AT,AP,AP,AT,Attributive or Appositive,He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.,名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advic
31、e 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为 should + do, should 可省略,a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ .b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told
32、 me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _.,he was preparing for the examination,he had been away from his hometown for ten years,light travels in a straight line.,2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied 2.The reaso
33、n _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.,reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,Practice time,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.3.I have no idea _he will c
34、ome back.,Choose the best answer,that,that,when,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.,that,that,that what,7.The question is _the
35、 film is worth seeing.8.They received orders _ the work be done at once.9.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.,whether,that,why,that,10. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.11. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.,What,why,Whether,12. It i
36、s known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.13. I have the information _ hell come soon.,that,that,14. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.- _ he broke it made me nearly mad. 15.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.,That,how,16.- Can
37、 I help you?- Yes, do you know _?A. when comes the bus B. when will come the busC. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes 17. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. that B. if C. what D. that if,18. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was
38、_ night began to fall.,what,that,1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It _ Joe drives badly.A. thought that B. thinks thatC. is thought that D. is thought that 4.It _ he is lat
39、e for class.A. may that B. might thatC. may be that D. might be what 5.This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. when,7.The question is _ it is worth doing.A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made
40、 such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields.A. what B. that C. which D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain.A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 1
41、1.My advice is that he _ regular house.A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who,13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had wo
42、n.A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. if 16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A. which B. what C. that D. where,have anything to do with overall health make the most of misuse our senses ignore ou
43、r sense of touch rather than wear a nightshirt be pleasant to touch sleep deeply give sb. chance to do sth.,与有任何关系 全身健康 充分利用 误用我们的器官 忽视我们的触觉 而不是/胜过 穿着睡衣 手感好 睡得深 给某人机会做某事,Language Points,at the North Pole make ones way to get to my destination walk through the thick snow become worse It is/becomes impossible to do sth. lose sight of continue walking sweat with fear,在北极 朝某地走去 到达我的目的地 走过厚厚的积雪 变得更糟做某事不可能 看不见 继续跑 害怕得出汗,Thank you,
