1、Unit OneKeyComprehensionA1. D2. It contrasts the attitudes of the French and the English-speaking people toward keeping their mother tongue “pure.“3. The author does not appreciate the French attitude. He believes that they have gone to the extreme, because he says that the mind boggles at what the
2、world might face. “That means the French are so sensitive that it is difficult to imagine what they will do to keep French pure in the future.4. B5. It refers to the differences between British and American English with regard to pronunciation and spelling of English. The author seems to agree with
3、the Americans viewpoint.6. C7. The Kings English refers to English in its most proper and formal use. However, as it is used in foreign places, it is often used improperly. Here “lingo“ mocks the formality of English that no longer exists in these foreign Usages8. Foreign varieties of English are ve
4、ry different from the original standard British English, sometimes they are barely recognizable.9. B10. The author thinks that communication is more important than the purification of the English language.B1. fast delivery (of the product)/rapid killing (of the customer)2. Please hang your own coat
5、and hat here/die by hanging yourself3. “revolutionary“ ideas are being sold/disgusting new ideas are being sold4. best bakers/idle, lazy persons5. the latest rnethod/a Christian denomination6. a doctor for womens diseases/regard women as a disease or womanizer (vulgar meaning)7. press the button of
6、the lift to move it/inefficiency of the lift8. how to get service/open the door and call out the words “Room service”. (rude)9. in an European atmosphere/a car that rushes a person to the hospital10. serve the best wine/our wine is very bad; hopeless11. from 12 14 oclock chamber maids are not busy/t
7、reat chambermaids unfairly (with possible sexual meaning)12. the pictures were painted in the last ten years/the painters were put to death13. leave your laundry/be naked or take off your clothes14. dancing is going on/very vulgar language (a reference to male sex organs)15. moral requirement for wh
8、o can share the same room/implies that men and women must marry in order to live togetherVocabulary and StructureA1-b 2-d 3-f4j 5I 6-hB1. sensitive 2. list 3. prevalent4. deficiency 5. withheld 6. certainty7. functional 8. confronte 9. courtesy10. spared 11. stroke 12. ambitious13. purified 14. high
9、lights 15. noveltyC1. A. sensitive B. sense C. sensitivity2. A. compulsory B. compulsion C. compulsory3. A. Lease B. lease C. leasing4. A. deviate B. deviantly C. deviation5. A. prevalence B. prevalent C. prevalent6. A. deficient B. deficiency C.deficient7. A. extracts B. extracting C. extracted8. A
10、, confronted B. confrontation C. confronted9. A, spare B. spare C. spare10. A. stroke B. stroking C. strokeD1. C. make alternative 2. B. of taking advantage3. C. of a head injury 4. D. remains5. A. accepted 6. A. as much energy as7. C. would end up 8. C. has been9. B. or 10. D. with whichE1. languag
11、e 2. associates 3. in-laws 4. total5. responds 6. swell 7. Hardly 8. lives9. dreams 10. aloud 11. ourselves 12. so13. distinguishes 14. humanity 15. makes 16. expressed17. source 18. newborn 19. act 20. traditionSpeaking(Open)103fTranslation and Writing在过去，当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时，他们通常与跟他
12、们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时，他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付，吕口：(1)外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之) ，(2)他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言，或(3)产生一种新的语言这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语) 。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语 )，但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界，将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的，因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。B1. One t
13、heory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices,
14、 other shops, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Adv
15、ertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude / I am grateful to him because every time I encountered
16、difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purification of a language protect the language for thesake of their culture.Reading Practice1.F 2.T 3. F 4.T5.T 6.F 7. F 8.TUnit TwoKeyComprehensi
17、onA1. i People have different opinions about lies but they dont differ much in defining what truth is.ii Lying is usually regarded as evil but in reality many people lie. This is worthy of our attention.2. i Lies are intentionally told untruths/an unintentionally told untruth is not a lie.ii Almost
18、everyone lies.3. i All lies are evil and harmful so they should be avoided.ii Many lies are not evil but are necessary and beneficial to society.4. Open.(But according to the writer,) standards regarding when lies are ac- ceptable vary not only with individuals but aJso with different cultures.5. Th
19、e statement means that when one grows up, one may have the painful experience of realizing that other people may not hold the same opinion about honesty as one does. This is because the reality often runs counter to what is taught to children.6. 2) those that are told with intention to harm the list
20、ener or a third partyand to benefit the liar3) those that dont tell the whole truth (Some information may be leftunsaid.)4) those that are told with no intention of being kept5) those that are told to deceive oneself7. (Open)8. B9. Because it prevents one from realizing ones shortcomings and improvi
21、ng oneself.10. Different cultures may have different standards regarding when lies are acceptable. (e.g. People in some cultures feel it is more important not to hurt others than to tell the truth). It may be hard to change these culturally based beliefs.B1. People cannot make sound judgement about
22、.because we have not told them the truth. We should try to avoid lying because in a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist.2. Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but in reality you find that they often dont
23、, (This is what ones moral beliefs are compared with.)This realizatib. valuingthe community;c. valuing the environment and animals of our natural world.6. The ideaTom and his wife shared then was that they (both Tom and his wife) should go into business together, working as close partners. We learn
24、that this idea was quite uncommon in the 1960s, when wives were not supposed to be involved in their husbands work7. He has most enjoyed trying to make his vision of the company a reality8. The author admires but does not agree with Tom. In para. 17, the author uses“idealist“ to describeTom, that is
25、 to say, Toms idea may not be practical or possible.9. The difference is that his business has not only been a financial success but also has had a great impact on peoples minds.10. The belief is that it is possible to respect nature, people and communities on the one hand and run on effective busin
26、ess on the other hand.B1. Managing for profit and the common good.2. By“spirit-to-spirit“Tom means that both businessmen and consumers will think of others. They will treat each other fairly and with respect.3. “Nature-conscious“ consumers are the people who respect wildlife and all aspects of the e
27、nvironment.4. His wifes family has contributed their profits from their mills to the building of the town, the school, and the libraries, and thus won the respect and a good relationship with the communities. The heritage refers to what her family has done to their communityTom and his wife have uph
28、eld this heritage and continued to make contributions to their communities.5. It refers to the product made from natural ingredients for personal health care. Yes. Because the intention to produce such a product is more important than the final product itself.6. As they came from Maine, they like na
29、ture and they respect one another. They can distinguish their product from others by values.7. Because it is the“look feel, taste and smell of the kind of personal experience they have offered“ that has kept them in business.8. The “values world“ means the b0siness world in which we set our values a
30、nd standards and vocalize them to others.9. Goodness here refers to the quality of being kind, considerate, and helpful, in business. Because to them talking about goodness equates to talking about religion which detracts from the idea that they are competent103f, rational business people.10. Accord
31、ing toTom, inWestern thinking, people can not simultaneously offer respect and also maximize the utilization of resources, white the Eastern- inspired approach involves integrating competing aims into a harmonious middle ground.Vocabulary and StructureA1.B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C6. A 7. A 8. B 9.B 10. D
32、B1. dignity 2. heritage 3. insight 4. ingredients5. makes a difference 6. excellence 7. differentiates8. been ashamed of 9. believe in 10. incorporateC1. A. Just as 2. A. so3. B. that 4. C. twice5. A. expanding 6. C. would never have considered7. B. is 8. D. ofwhich9. D. decomposes 10. B. had readD1
33、. motivate 2. cross 3. accepted 4. convinced5. variety 6. exposed 7. especially 8. explain9. difference 10. arrogant 11. reasons 12. trouble13. aware. 14. hide 15. attempt 16. neglected17.Worse 18. assignments 19. multinational 20. rightSpeaking(Open)Translation and WritingA建立与顾客的联系是 Gerstner 的目标。在“
34、经济周刊”进行的一系列采访中他说道广我是带着一种观点来到这里的(1BM)，即：你与顾客共同开始新的一天，你将以顾客为中心考虑公司的工作，并以顾客为中心组织工作” 。这种方法在某种程度亡是 IBM 公司在计算机服务业中迅猛发展的原因，也是华尔街突然喜欢起 IBM 公司的原因之一。 IBM 就象一台大发动机，多年来首次所有的活塞都开动了：新型的大型机、个人计算机和小型计算机销售情况均喜人。IBM 公司努力地争取成为各家公司在公司内部网络装置中应用 IBM 公司产品时的不可缺少的助手。当今，计算机服务业是 IBM 公司增长最快的业务。不仅 IBM 公司，其它公司的高层领导也试图与顾客建立良好关系。建
35、立关系成了各大公司巨头反复强调的宗旨。西北大学的 JL KelloSS 管理学院的教授 PhilipKotler 说：“越来越多的总经理意识到，他们本人就是负责销售的总经理，正在销售信誉” 。他还说， “这种销售是在各公司的总经理阶层中进行” 。 “其建立的不仅是连接销售员与采购经理之间的桥梁，它还是一座连接各公司总经理之桥” 。B1. Having worked in this company for a certain period of time, most employees came to agreement on its basic beliefs.2. Each company
36、should keep its peculiarities which will differentiate one from another rather than strip them away.3. More and more entrepreneurs believe in managing for profit and the common good and contributing to the well-being of the communities in which their companies are located.4. Being one of the nations
37、 key universities, it is instrumental in developing the communitys culture.5. Respecting customers and offering the best services have made us more and more competitive with large discount chains.6. He has devoted himself to his work for the community and is passionate about what he is doing.7. Some
38、 people believe that it does not make any sense to transplant foreign production and managerial techniques into Chinese companies.8. In spite of the fact that we have made a great success in the development of technology, we are ashamed of the damage we have done to our environment.9. There is no do
39、ubt that the introduction of foreign investment has made a difference to the local economic development.10. The new scheme is open to discussion and new constructive suggestions can be incorporated.Reading Practice1. Because he wanted to get a large order from a company there.2. He attempted to talk
40、 about business with the host.3. He wanted to see if the writer and the company behind him were reliable.4. Those who can establish a truly global partnership.5. BUnit SevenKeyComprehensionA1. C2. Part 2 is from para. 6 to para. 13.Part 2: Human fallibility may be a unique human gift and it is the s
41、ource of new inventions.Part 3: Computer mistakes should not be bemoaned as they can ultimately be used to improve human life.3. If a computer makes a mistake, the person who uses the computer is to blame because it must be a human error and the computer is infallible.4. In para. 3, the author sugge
42、sts that computers represent extensions of the human brain. Computers can do anything we can do, even make mistakes as humans do.5. No. On the consciousness, he says it would be hard to find out if it were true, he uses the words “easy to imagine“ and finally concludes with “but real thinking and dr
43、eaming are other matters.“Yes. On the unconsciousness, he begins with “on the other hand“ which indicates opposite point of view. Evidences all around us and as extension of human brain, the possibilities of error are great.6. The first sentence: Mistakes are at the very base of human thought embedd
44、ed there, feeding the structure like root nodules:7. Because the author tries to explain that “trial and error“ leads to discovery and invention. Yes. He explains the reason in para. 9 and 10.8. The clause is “perhaps even stipulated in our genetic instructions.“9. The examples are the words: blind
45、alleys, up trees, dead ends, blue sky, turnings and bends.10. According to the author, lower animals are absolutely infallible while higher animals like humans are fallible. In comparing the two, the author tries to prove “to err is human.“11. “This“ refers to the fact that higher animals are fallib
46、le. The second “this“ means organizing ourselves for social living on a planetary scale.12. The author imagines computers taking on all sorts of difficult, challenging problems.B1. The apologies made by computers are just as quick and impersonal as the original mistakes. Both are annoying.2. Because
47、 though computers may look like human in some respects, they con not do more than they are programmed to do.3. Yes, he is right. Just as the proverb says,“Failure is the mother of success.“4. The action is exploring something new and different.5. Because the author thinks that the hope is in the fac
48、ulty of wrongness, (Open)6. The exploration means to take efforts in finding something different from what is known before. (Open)7. Here “fast“ means firmly fixed.8. Planetary means worldwide.Vocabulary and StructureA1-e 2-h 3-i 4-b 5-a6-d 7-j 8-c 9-f 10g1. instantaneously 2. sheer 3. fling off 4. obscure5. hypotheses 6. screwed up 7. stipulate 8. blundering9.credulous 10. nonethelessB1. tamper 2. infallible 3. After
