1、高考英语阅读理解技巧,新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定：“侧重提高阅读能力“。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题是获得高考英语高分的关键！,规律方法: 在分清文体的基础上议论文: 找主题句(文章的开头/中间/结尾)说明文: 说明什么道理/原理/事由夹叙夹议文: 通过叙述说明什么人生哲理,高考阅读理解常见题型,A. Guess the meaning (词 义 猜 测 型) B. Main ideas (主旨大意型）C. Inference & judgment （推 理 判 断 型）D.
2、 Details (事实细节型 ),一 猜测词义题：单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。,常见问题形式有 1) According to the author, the word “” means _. The word “” most likely means _. The word “” in Line .probably means By the word “”, the author means_. In
3、 Line . , the word “” refers to _. Which of the following is nearest /closest in meaning to “” ? 7) In Line , the word “” could best be replaced by which of the following?,规律方法:,在通读过程碰到生词时不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外，我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反义词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。还可以联想，即回想已知词汇
4、中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。,根据上下文。 本句上一句和下一句本段的中心意思,【例1】 All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的,【例2】The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,2.定义解释法,definition and explanation,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由means, is, or， that is
5、 (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示,【解】 “牧人”,Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Anthropology means _.,人类学,【例3】Children often try to imitate or copy the behavior that they see on television.,【解】 “仿效”,3 同义词,synonym,【例4】Twelve-year-old Sally was an active
6、 girl. But her sister was quite sedate.A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic,4.反义词,antonym,【例5】Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still re
7、mains grubby. Grubby means _.,肮脏的,5、利用对比关系线索,特征：常有but, however,while,unlike,in contrast,on the contrary,instead,despite 等表示对比或反义的词语来提示。,例6,piridikl You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. Periodicals means_.,期刊，杂志,例2silebr
8、itiLike people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like. The word “celebrities”means_.,名人,6、利用解释说明线索,特征：常有 that is(to say), in other words, namely,or 等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句。,【例7】With their shining brown eyes
9、, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,unconditional: nonjudgmental:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,6.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等,prehistorictransnationalunderwearmisleadnonhumanantibodyChildhoodchildishwaterproof,supergirl
10、interactionminiskirtmicrophone rewrite cooperatefriendshiptroublesome careless,方法指导,二 主旨大意题：,这类 试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。,1)What does the writer mainly tel
11、l us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?,常见问题形式有,如何做主旨大意题,1. 要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。 2. 如有标题，标题中的蕴含的
12、信息往往是关键信息。 3.找到中心句。 4. 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,How to find the topic sentence?,主题句的特点是： 1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括； 2).主题句一般结构简单； 3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。,Example 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal u
13、nless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, Fre
14、nch fries and a soft drink.,Q: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph? A. Some people like steak and others red meat. B. Vegetables are very healthy for you. C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it. D. Different people have
15、different tastes in food.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。,Example2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy
16、 all students at the same time.,(2)主题句也会出现在段尾 作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。,Example 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark nightif a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations
17、. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light ofthe campfire has been out.,(3)在短文中间 主题句也可以安排在段中间, 此时前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 然后再作进一步的解释, 支持或发展.,_,_,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desi
18、re to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take
19、things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. Q : What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unu
20、sual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D.A Normal Childs Actions.,B,遵循 “四字”原则:,准-,全-,新-,用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想.,要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的观点 准确地表达出来.,要排除那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的主要 内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大或过小.,所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激发 读者的阅读兴趣.,精-,三、推理判断题：,技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。 注意不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点 解推断题最主要的方法是
21、根据词义关系推断具体细节。,推断题分类,Classification,1. 问题形式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that . The story implies/indicates that .We can infer /concludefrom the passage that .这类题干中
22、通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude indicate(暗示)等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2. 技巧点拨:（1）针对细节推断,一、如何推断隐含意义,1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus
23、 the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle.“It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,Practice1,2. 技巧点拨:（1）针对细节推断,一、如何推断隐含意义,推理判断,2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure yo
24、u turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _.hurt sea animals protect sea animals C. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches,Pract
25、ice2,The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects ,One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂
26、） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”,Practice 3,5. What can we know from the last pa
27、ragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself.B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.DMary determines to go back to the dance floor.,Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor，she refuses to fall into s
28、elfpity.“Everybody on earth can ask，why me？about something or other，”she insists.“It doesnt do any good.No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache pain，and disappointments.Sometimes we can make things better by helping others.Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time.I wan
29、t to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”,高考链接-2010湖南卷,4,2. 技巧点拨:（1）针对细节推断(2) 针对主题思想,一、如何推断隐含意义,推理判断,借助常识,What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ? A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country B.Health is more important than money C.The harmony between man and nature is imp
30、ortant D. Good old days will never be forgotten,Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless.They had been doing an important job-eating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreadi
31、ng diseases.Now, the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning .,高考链接-2010辽宁卷,5,topic sentence,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,1. 问题形式: The writers attitude toward is_. The writer thought
32、 that_. According to the author _.,2.技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。,Brainstorming,说明文中作者的态度: objectiveneutral 在议论文中，有： (1)positive (2)negative (3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic (11)cautious (12)admiring,客观的,消极的,漠不关
33、心的,赞成的,不赞成的,乐观的,悲观的,中立的,积极的,讽刺的,批评的,中立的,Notes,谨慎的,崇拜的,What is the authors attitude towards the modern technology?A. Critical B. Objective.C. Optimistic. D. Negative.,There was a time when some peoples lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking th
34、ere; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced; they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to make tools from w
35、ood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.,高考链接-2010江西卷,6,三、如何推断写作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _. (2)
36、 考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. C. are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.,Brainstorming,To introduce sth,To sell a product or service,To arract readers attention,To attract readers to pay for
37、 a trip to some attraction,To call on,To resist sth,To amuse readers,To argue against and support ones own idea,The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importance
38、D. invite the readers to answer them,“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy
39、 in waves,” he said.,高考链接-2010湖南卷,7,The Cost of Higher Education Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribution to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资)and create jobs. If you believe t
40、hat the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the indivi
41、dual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.,高考链接-2010北京卷,The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to _.Aargue against free university education Bcall on them to finance students studiesCencourage graduates to go into businessDshow their contribution to high
42、er education,8,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of _.,四、如何推断文章出处,Brainstorming,Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals, start helping others in need, and live life
43、to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated daily.,Practice,This text must be taken from _ A
44、a radio program B. a website C. a newspaper D. a TV program,9,四、事实细节题: 主要考查学生 对阅读材料中的 某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力,问题主要包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考具体细节。,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
45、? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,常见问题形式有：,细节理解应注意的问题：,1）对应性：,2）准确性：,3）区分性：,正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应,此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，做题时易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。,有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与
46、原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思索地选定答案，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼压根就不是对应同一事情,选择正确答案：,1. The teacher told his students to do the second and the third exercises, but they should leave the first exercise out. How many exercises should the students do ? One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Zero.2. Jean and Mary asked Della to go ou
47、t for a walk, but she didnt want to. Who probably did not go out ? A. Jean. B. Mary. C. Della. D. Jean and Mary.,其他类型题目： 理解作者的观点和态度题： 既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。,考题主要形式: (1)The writers purpose in writing this story is (2)The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that ,规律方法：,正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。 -假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？,小技巧：辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。,表示贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment.,表示褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring,
