1、重庆大学版高一(4) Unit 2,Grammar Noun Clauses,Learning goals: To help students learn about the rules of Noun Clauses To help students sum up the rules of the usage of Noun Clauses To put the rules of Noun Clauses into practice by consolidation exercises,Step 1 Studying the rule,1) Scientists do not know ho
2、w the honey guide digests the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.,Read the following sentences, paying special attention to the colored parts.,2) They believe that if they do not open a bees nest and leave some honeycomb for the guide,it will lead them to a snake or a leopard in
3、 revenge. 3) The suggestion that students should learn something practical at school is worth considering.,在英语的句子结构中, 本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当, 这个句子就叫名词性从句。,Step 2 Finding the rule,名词性从句,主语从句 (The Subject Clause) 宾语从句 (The Object Clause) 表语从句 (The Predicative Clause) 同位语从句 (The Appositive Clau
4、se),A noun clause is a group of words that functions as a noun in a sentence which begins with a subordinating conjunction, conjunctive pronoun or conjunctive adverb, such as that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how and why.,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,1) What I want to do is taking a bath. 2) The news
5、 that they won the game spread the whole school. 3) I dont think he is an honest boy. 4) The fact is that he stole the car.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),5) Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 6) Do you know the man who is standing over there? 7) It is said that they won the game.,(同位语从句),(定从),(主从)
6、,在复合句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。,他星期三来这里是肯定的。,That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.,注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that。,Step 3 Subject clause,他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。,Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.,注意：主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”。,主语从句,主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。,It is known to
7、 us that he will come here.,It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that . 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显,It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us/all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定,用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：,It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common know
8、ledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,在复合句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。,我不知道你会来这里。,I dont know (that) you will come here.,注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。,Step 4 Object clause,1. 作动词的宾语,
9、我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。,I dont know whether/if he will come.,I want to know whether he will come or not.,Are you talking about whether he will come?,He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.,注意： 在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if. 但是，whether常与or not连用；作介词宾语只用whether; 从句是否定句时一般用if。,2.
10、宾语从句中的否定转移,我认为他不会来这里。,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),注意: 如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。,3. 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.,注意：如果主句中有
11、形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,4. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 5. 作形容词的宾语 Im afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语: anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, asha
12、med, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content.,在复合句中充当表语的从句(即放在系动词后面)叫做表语从句。可以接表语从句的连系动词用be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。,Step 5 Predictive clause,我们的目的是他能认识到错误。,Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.,注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。,问题是它是否值得做。,The question is whether it is worth
13、doing.,注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”。,试区分以下句子,Is this museum what you visited?,Is this the museum that you visited?,Is this museum the one that you visited?,注意: 这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话: 名词前(尤其是单数可数名词前)一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句, 接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。,(表从),(定从),(定从),1. 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fac
14、t, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来, 同位语从句都用that来作连接词, 而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。,他给了她一个承诺, 他会在两个月后回来。 He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.,Step 6 Appositive clause,2. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary that the s
15、ports meeting had been put off.,3. 试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意: 1. 如果是定语从句, 它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的; 而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用, 而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(同从),(定从),Step 7 Applying the rule,Keys to Part 1,Dear Edit
16、or, I am extremely disappointed that you include an article about genre fiction in your magazine last month. That this inclusion is highly inappropriate is obvious to any serious readers.,A library magazine is supposed to be about literaturethat is, written works of art. Literature is fiction that i
17、s original and makes readers see the world in a new way.,It is obvious that genre fiction is the opposite of literature. Genre fiction just follows formulas: for example, boy and girl fall in love and get married. Authors of genre fiction are like cooks who just follow recipes instead of inventing n
18、ew dishes.,It is not surprising that some of these authors turn out a hundred books I wouldnt be surprised if they wrote those things in their sleep. Reading genre fiction is like watching TV. To summarize, my position is that you should stick to literature from now on. Professor Harold Bert.,Dear E
19、ditor,As a writer of genre fiction, I feel I must respond to Professor Bert. I was asked about whether I would try writing literature. My reply was that genre fiction is literature!,First, I wonder whether the professor wants to ignore the fact that 90 percent of all new fiction published is genre f
20、iction, which surveys tell us.Second, I wonder why the professor thinks all great works are fully original. Doesnt he realize that even Shakespeare got most of his stories from other sources?,Finally, I dont understand why the professor thinks watching TV is so bad. Perhaps he is a snob. It seems im
21、portant that genre fiction can bring pleasure.Roslyn Martyn-Jones,Keys to Part 2,1) The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is known to all over the world. 2) The discussion topic for the conference is what our life will be like in twenty years. 3) It is no longer a question now that man can land on t
22、he moon.,4) Many parents do not understand why children are so attracted to computer games. 5) How can we develop economy without destroying environment is still a problem. 6) The local government hasnt decided where they should build another amusement park.,1. The question is _ the film is worth se
23、eing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2. They received orders _ the work be done at once.A. which B. when C. / D. that,C,D,Step 8 Practice,3. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to chang
24、e her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because,C,A,5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. that,B,D,7. I have the information _.
25、A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon,B,8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.- _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 9. It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such
26、 a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what,A,A,10. - Can I help you?- Yes, do you know _?A. when comes the bus B. when will come the busC. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes,D,11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. that B. if C. what D. that if 12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.A. what; that B. it; thatC. what; when D. which; what,D,A,Homework,Go over the Grammar part-noun clauses. Preview Listening and speaking and writing part.,
