1、Period 3: Section A3 (Grammar Focus4c)Step 1 Free talk Talk about the ways you learn other subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences. How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry? Do you learn history and geography by_? Step 2 4a Answer the questions. Then match the questions an
2、d answers. 1. How do you practice speaking? 2. How do you learn new words? 3. How do you improve your writing? 4. How do you practice listening? 5. How do you improve your pronunciation? 6. How do you learn grammar? a. By watching English programs. b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud. c
3、. By having conversations with friends. d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot. e. By making word cards. f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals. Step 3 4b Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you. Match physics chemistry Chinese history geographye.g. I usually pra
4、ctice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns. a. I usually practice my math by_. b. I usually practice my physics by_. c. I usually practice my chemistry by_. d. I usually practice my Chinese by _. e. I usually p
5、ractice my history and geography by _. Step 4 4c Check what you do to learn English . Then interview your partner. A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises? B: Yes, I do. A: How often do you do them? B: I learn English by My partner learns English by yes no how often yes no how oftendoing
6、grammar exercisestaking notes in Englishreading English books/magazineskeeping a diary in Englishusing an English dictionaryStep 5 Grammar How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation. How can I read faster? Y
7、ou can read faster by reading word groups. How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes. 动名词 定义: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。 基本形式: V-ing 作用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词的基本用法 1. 用作主语 所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. 注意：动名词做主语，有时先用 it 作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这
8、种用法在习惯句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing 2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。 e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收） There is no joking about the matter. It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 2. 用作宾语 1) 作动词的宾语 常见的此类动词有：practice, enjoy, finis
9、h, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。 e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a book and give a report. 2) 作介词的宾语 1. I learn English by doing gramm
10、ar exercises. 2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late. 4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？ 【活学活用】1. She cant help _ (cry) after _ (hear) the bad news. 2. I felt like (laugh), but
11、 I didnt dare. 3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try 等，但表达的意义不同。 e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了 ) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生 ) remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生 doing 动作已经发生 try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力 doing 试试去做（看有何结果） mean
12、to do 打算做（主语一般是人） doing 意味着（主语一般是物） regret to do 对将要做的事抱歉 doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔 stop to do 停下去做另外一件事 doing 停止做手头正在做的事情 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate m
13、ost is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以 write 为例） 时态 语态一般时 完成时 主动语态 被动语态writing having written being written having been written注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 动名词的复合结构： 动名词的逻辑主语动名词动名词的复合结构 Would you mind _（我开窗户吗）？ Would you mind my / m
14、e opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语。 I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife. I cant understand his/him leaving his wife. Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. Step 6 Exercises 1. My watch needs _, but I have no time to go to town to have it _. A. to repair; repaired B. to be repai
15、red; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired 2. You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. A. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell 3. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D. having turned 4. Hearin
16、g the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries 5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak 6. It is no use _ without doing. A. to promise B. promising C. promise D. to be promised Step 7 Homework Write a short composition about how to learn English.
