1、学优中考网 2012 中考英语：主谓一致考点解析与练习题一、 复习目标：1 复习主谓一致的定义；2，复习巩固主谓一致遵循的原则和用法二、复习过程：（一） 主谓一致的定义：在英语句子中，大部分主语都是名词或代词。名词的单复数形式直接影响着谓语动词的形式，也就是说，谓语动词的单复数形式要和主语保持一致，这种谓语在人称和数方面与主语的一致就叫主谓一致。例如，Tom does his homework on time every day.They are good at playing the guitar.(二)，主谓一致遵循的三项原则：1 语法一致原则：谓语动词要和它的主语在语法形式上取得一致，即
2、单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。China _(be) a big country with a long history.All the students_(love) their math teacher.2 意义一致原则：谓语动词的单数或复数要取决于主语表达的意义，而不是形式。No news _(be) good news.The family _(be) talking about the news.3 邻近一致原则：谓语动词的数要与它最邻近的名词的数保持一致。Not only his parents but also his brother _(go) to the Summ
3、er Palace. They havent been back.(三) 用法：单一主语的主谓一致1 一般情况下，主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单数形式。He _(like ) playing football.2 表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等专有名词作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States _(lie) in North America.The New York Times _(read) all over the United States.3 以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，如news, math
4、s, physics, plastics 等。Maths _(be) very popular in our class.Plastics _(be) a kind of matter.4 表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Ten days _(be) enough for us to do the work.Eighty dollars _(be) a little expensive to buy a coat.5 一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如 trousers, glasses, shoes 等作主语时，谓语部分用复数形式，
5、若前面由 kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词应与等的形式一致。The shoes _(be) his elder brothers.This pair of shoes _(be) his elder brothers.学优中考网 There _(be) two glasses of water on the table.There _(be) many kinds of flowers in the garden.6 代词 something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobo
6、dy, each, neither, either, little, much, one 做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither of the books _(be) mine.Each of them _(have) an English dictionary.One of the students _(have not ) gone to Shanghai.7 非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Playing computer games_(be) my favourite.What you said _(be) wrong.8 people, police 等集体
7、名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。People here _(be) very friendly.The police _(be) running after a thief yesterday.9 有些形容词前面加上定冠词 the，如 the poor, the rich, the old, the young, the blind 等用来表示一类人时，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数。The blind _(be) in great need of help.The rich _(be) for the plan, but the poor _(be) against it.10 family
8、, class, team, group 等集体名词做主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。My family _(be) a large one.My family all _(like) playing computer games.11 由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of a number of+名词或分数 +名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。A lot of students _(be) waiting outside.Three fifths of the water _(be) dirty.One t
9、hird of the class _(come) from country.注：The number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The number of the students in our school _(be) over one thousand.并列主语的主谓一致1 两个或两个以上的单数名词用 and 连接起来做主语时，谓语动词用以下三种情况：（1）当两个并列主语不是同一事物时，谓语动词用复数形式。The boy and the girl _(come) from Japan.Both Lily and Lucy _(invite) to the party
10、yesterday.（2）当这两个名词是同一个人或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。The teacher and writer _(be) my friend.（3）当 and 连接的两个主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl _(have) the right to education.Every teacher and every student _(need) dictionaries.2 由 either, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词
11、常和最接近的主语保持人称和数一致。学优中考网 Neither you nor LI Hua_(have) been to Beijing before.Is he or you _(be) wrong.3 名词后跟 as well as, with , together with, but, besides, except, like, including, along with 等引导的短语时， 后面的谓语动词的数与前面的名词保持一致。The teacher as well as the students _(like) the drawing.My father, together wit
12、h his friends, _(be) going to visit the Great Wall.Everyone except Tom and John _(be) there when the meeting began.There be 结构的谓语（1） There be 结构中的是谓语动词， 它在人称和数上应和其后的主语保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用 is；主语是复数用 are.There _a picture on the wall.There _ some meat on the plate.There _some people in the hall.若 be
13、 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be 动词应采取 “邻近原则” ，即应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。There _an apple and some oranges in the basket.（2） There be 结构常见时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，其时态的变化都是 be 动词来完成和体现的。时态 谓语动词 例句一般现在时 areis There are two girls in the room.一般过去时 werewas There was a bike under the tree just now.一般将来时 will beis(are) going
14、 to be There will_ (behave) a meeting tomorrow morning.There are going to _(behave) two football matches this afternoon.现在完成时 have(has) been There_( havehas) been great changes in my hometown.注：There be 结构还可以和情态动词连用，表示推测。There must be no one in the room.达标练习一 选择1 I think both of them_ is are) good w
15、orks.2 Thirty-five dollars_(isare) too much for this sweater.3 This pair of glasses_(isare) not Mr. Browns.4 Neither I nor classmate _(hashave) seen the new TV play.学优中考网 5 I think maths _(isare) too difficult for the little boy.6 Mrs. Smith with her two daughters _(watchwatches) TV every day.7 Noth
16、ing _(isare) different from what we thought.8 The PRC_(waswere) founded in 1949.9 There _(isare) some milk in the glass.10 There _(isare) several knives and an eraser in the pencil-box.二 改错1 The population of the town are more than one million.2 The headmaster with three teachers have gone to Guangz
17、hou.3 This pair of trousers on the bed are new.4 Neither he nor I are a doctor.5 We usually have seven lessons a day ,and each of them last forty-five minutes.6 The old is taken good care of .8. There are two boys swim in the lake.三挑战中考1.Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invited B. was
18、invited C. had invited D.were invited2. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. are B. is C. was D. were3. Henry, with his friends ,_volleyball every Saturday afternoon.A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played4. _ the books in our library _ about 20,000.A. The number of ;
19、 are B. A number of; is C. The number of; is D.A number of; are5.There _ some children playing on the playground.A. is B. are C. has D. have6. There _ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have7.Do you know how many sheep _ in Australia?A. is there B. there is C. are there D. there are8. Either of the two books _ for you . You can choose one.A. are B. were C. is D. was
