1、学优中考网 2012 中考英语冲刺版：阅读理解精选共 36 集【第 28 集】阅读理解解题策略指导 一、阅读理解解题策略指导 阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。 4既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。试题中所选
2、的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人)体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1.文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释；2.文章的某细节或情节；3.文章的主题；4.文章的背景知识；5.文章的结论或结局；6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力
3、，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。学优中考网 语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。归纳概
4、括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。词意判断：要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重
5、要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常学优中考网 识和经验推断或猜测词意。*训练题精选Mr
6、Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea.“OK, Dad,“ said his son. But he was afraid his son couldnt
7、 remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was o
8、f no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, “Where is your father?“ The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly re
9、membered he had burnt it, so he shouted, “No more.“The man was very surprised. He asked, “No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?“Burnt yesterday evening.“1. Mr Brown told his son that _.A. he would be away from home for four days B. he would be back in seven days C. he would be ba
10、ck in a monthD. he liked a cup of tea2. Mr Brown wrote the words down on _.学优中考网 A. the wall B. the door C. a piece of paper D. his sons pocket3. A man came to visit the boys father on _.A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day4. The man was very surprised because _.A. h
11、e thought the childs father was deadB. the child didnt ask him to sit downC. the child gave him a cup of tea D. he couldnt find that piece of paper5. What was burnt? _.A. The piece of paper B. Mr Smith C. The visitor D. The boy参考答案 KEY: BCDAA*One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is g
12、uessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples.1. “Whats the matter？“ “I went to a party last night, so I“2. “I feel so tired
13、these days.“ I think youd better“3.“Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most“You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So “guessing “is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken Eng
14、lish.1.This passage tells us mainly about _.学优中考网 A. the importance of “guessing “ in learning a foreign languageB. how to guess what one is going to talk about C. some examples of right guessingD. how important it is to guess all the time2.from the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in E
15、XAMPLE I is _.A. “ so I didnt have a good time.“ B. “so I went to bed very late.“C. “. So I felt unhappy.“ D. “ so I got up very early.“3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is _.A. “I think youd better have a good rest and take good care of yourself.“B. “I think youd better have something to dr
16、ink.“C. “I think youd better get some help from your friends.“D. “I think youd better be more careful.“4. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 3 is _.A. “ she is one of the most famous film stars.“B. “she is one of the most beautiful women.“C. “ she is one of the most famous speakers.“D. “ she is on
17、e of the most talkative women.“5. From the passage we can infer (推断) that guessing is _in learning a foreign language.A. the only wayB. more important in spoken English than in written English C. more important than any other wayD. more important in written English than in spoken English参考答案 KEY: AB
18、ADB学优中考网 *Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends. They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain. So they can help each other. But neither of them likes to use his head. Theyre both poor though they work hard. Most villagers have built new houses, but they still
19、live in the low and broken houses. They never find out why.Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife. In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive. He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back. They decided to carry some apples to the city. They borrowed some mo
20、ney from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor. Bad luck! A lot of apples has already been carried there when they arrived. A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格)。They felt unhappy and returned to their
21、 village.“I cant understand why we sustained (蒙受) losses in business while others always profit (盈利)“ Uncle Li asked one day.“The tractor was too small “ Uncle Wang said without thinking. “Well carry more apples on a truck next time!“I agree!“ said Uncle Li. “How foolish (傻的) we were !“1. Uncle Li a
22、nd Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because _.A. they hope to save moneyB. theyre both poorC. their farms are at the foot of the mountainD. theyre not far from their farms 2. The two farmers carried the apples to the city to _.学优中考网 A. make a journey B. visit some places of interestC. me
23、et their friends D. make a profit3. the tow farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because _.A. theirs werent as good as the others B. theirs were much less than the othersC. a lot of apples had been already carried to the cityD. they forgot to carry them on a truck4. Uncle Li and Uncle Wan
24、g were unhappy because _.A. they had sustained losses in businessB. they had lost some money in the cityC. something was wrong with the tractorD. other people profited in the city5. Which of the following is true?A. The two farmers found out why they were poor.B. The two farmers will soon get rich.C. Neither of the farmers is clever.D. The two farmers decided to buy a truck.参考答案 KEY: BDCAC*
