1、Unit 7,The Rivals,Text A,Figure of speech,simile, metaphor, synecdoche and personification (1)the signified (本体) (2)the signifier(喻体) (3)similarity(相似点) (4)dissimilarity(相异点) The growing savings and loan scandal is a time bomb for President Bush that might not go off this year but could cause him se
2、rious political troubles by 1992.,Simile:,Words often used: like not unlike it was a bit like can be likened to as as if as though as it were be comparable to may be compared to similar to akin to be analogous to be something of Types: descriptive, illustrative and illuminative,I believe it was Mrs.
3、 Thatcher who introduced the idea of all the heads of government at the economic summits addressing each other by their first names. I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first economic summit in Ottawa in 1981. I waited for a lull in the meeting and said,“My n
4、ame is Ron.”,This very week the governing National Party had voted to open its membership to blacks, an organizational turnaround analogous to a P.L.O. recruitment drive among Jews. If not entirely dead, apartheid was clearly in the intensive-care unit with the oxygen turned off. Carlos Lehder was t
5、o cocaine transportation what / as Henry Ford was to cars.,Willy Loman(推销员之死的主角)is a myth. And his brother returns, as it were, almost from the dead. Hes another myth. Willy can barely remember his mother. Its as though he were dropped onto the earth from an eagles wing. A lot of my works goes to th
6、e center of the question of where we belong if there is any root to lifebecause nowadays the family is broken up, and people dont live in the same place for very long. Dislocation, maybe, is part of out uneasiness.,Metaphor: (1)cognitive喻体认同本体,Police work on inner-city streets (市中心贫民区)is a domestic
7、Vietnam, a dangerous no-win struggle fought by confused, misdirected and unappreciated troops.,Writing my autobiography was a pre-emptive strike(先发制人的行动). Three different biographers had inquired about my co-operating with them, and the prospect of sitting talking to somebody for months was horrible
8、. I figured I could write it more quickly myself and why filter it through somebody else?,(2)reflective通过用词来折射,The nation that sent more than 9 million people to college on the GI Bill is now pricing a college education out of reach of its young people. Instead, we have spawned(造就)an unskilled, poor
9、ly educated class that requires extensive social support and contributes little to the economy.,From being boss, guardian, nurse and policeman to Western Europe since 1945, the U.S. now faces a future as a plain partner. The tumbling barriers between the two halves of Europe and the end of the cold
10、war have widened the Atlantic, observes Dominique Moisi of Frances Institute for International Relations, “Europe seems farther away to the U.S. and vice versa.”,Extension of metaphor隐喻的延伸,Unchecked(肆无忌惮)violence has already dulled the luster of the Big Apple. The daunting task before its leaders is
11、 to prevent it from rotting to the core. Image-makers, after all, cannot alter the raw material they work with: they can only polish it. “My job is to present the best reality. We ignore the bad points and present the good.”But the reality cannot always be pre-packaged in this era of constant media
12、attention.,Synecdoche提喻,(1)The part for the whole. He has many mouths to feed in his family.(mouths = people) The poor man is now left without a roof. (roof = house) (2)The whole for the part. The birds sang to welcome the smiling year.(the smiling year = springtime) My TV is out of order.(my TV = o
13、ne or a few components of my TV),(3)The abstract for the concrete. All the wit and learning of the world were assembled there.(the wit and learning = the wise and learned scholars) There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman. (the tiger = ferocity, the ape = shrewdnes
14、s),Personification,Cornell Hull, in the age of print, observed that a lie goes halfway around the world before truth has time to get its trousers on. With television today, truth never catches up with half-truth. (考岱尔赫尔在印刷品时代曾经指出,真相还来不及穿上裤子,谎言已经走遍了半个世界。今天,在电视机的威力下,真相更难赶上半真半假的说词。),Just as clothes can
15、 make the man, office buildings often speak volumes about a company. That is the message of the 1990s design-revolution, a movement that has prompted corporate America to abandon its stolid high-risesthe dull gray suits of architecturefor more flamboyant skylines.( 正如人靠衣装一样，办公大楼也往往能充分说明一家公司的个性。这正是90
16、年代设计革命带来的信息。这个趋势已促使美国企业舍弃冷漠无味的摩天大楼，放弃像暗灰色正式套装般的建筑物，转而寻求更艳丽的建筑物在天空映衬下的轮廓线。),To a kid, a savings account is just a black hole that swallows birthday checks.,Dragging Space and Time The results of two studies announced in early November 1997 provide unprecedented support for “frame-dragging,” a concept
17、 predicted by physicist Albert Einsteins general theory of relativity. Frame-dragging describes how massive objects actually distort space and time around themselves as they rotate. One of the studies examined frame-dragging around black holes, an example of which is shown here in an artists concept
18、ion.,destination(p1),A popular holiday destination 旅游胜地 London seems destined to lose some of its best talents. The Song sisters knew they were destined for great things. send products destined for Saudi Arabia. We are masters of our own destiny.,Companion(p1):sb you spend time with or are traveling
19、 with,Fred has been her constant for the last 5 years. My traveling Cf. company,Company: the state of having other people with you, usu. Pleasant. Ross always enjoys the of women. Im grateful for their on my way back. You are in good , for the prime minister made a similar slip before. （不必觉得丢脸，因为名人也
20、如此） have ; in ; keep ; in with sb; keep with sb Kuwait, in with other Gulf oil states, is concerned to avoid any oil price shocks.,Resume(p1): restart again,After the war he d his studies at Princeton, an Ivy League college. The search d after 2 days. seat or position “I,” he d, “would never ” resum
21、ption: the of negotiations恢复谈判,Exertion(p1):use in a strong or determined way(a formal use),Exert influence, authority, or pressure He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the community on these issues. Youngsters get so absorbed in on-line surfing that that they dont know how much they
22、 are exerting themselves , visually and mentally. (Make great physical and mental effort),Betray(p1): show a feeling or quality without intending to流露,He nodded his head, saying nothing lest his voice him. Betray 背叛 We the ideals of our country when we support capital punishment. I wont his confiden
23、ce, and Ill keep my word. The group of informers d the secret plan to the Germans.,Arouse(p1), a reaction or attitude in sb a feeling or instinct in sb Be d: feel sexually excited Sth you: feel angry Sth you from sleep There is nothing like a crisp, dry sherry西班牙酒 to the appetite. Their black presen
24、ce d public resentment in the exclusively white neighborhood.,Infallibly(p1): never wrong; without fail,Although he was experienced, he was not infallible. Never trust the exaggerated views of the infallibility of computers counting ability. They do make mistakes.,The thoughts buzzed around Mr(p1):
25、make a continuous sound like a bee,Attack helicopters ed across the city. A few tourist were ing about. (move around quickly and busily) Top style consultants will leave you ing with new ideas. The capital is ing with rumors / Olympic preparations. A of excitement filled the court-room as the defend
26、ant was led in.,Refreshment(p1):新鲜感；点心,The lotion cools and s the skin. Many view these meetings as an occasion to share ideas and friendship. Allow me to your memory. Refresh courses It made a refreshing change. s will help you with the journey.,Pitch(p2): throw with force and aim it carefully; fal
27、l forward suddenly and with force,Pitch the ball (in baseball) Stagger and then pitch headfirst into the lake This could the government into confrontation with the work-force. He raised his voice to an even higher . (声音的高低) The competitors all worked themselves up to a very high . (to a high level),
28、Count on sb for(p2): expect it to happen; rely on sb for support or help,He is counting on winning seats and perhaps a share in the new government. I always count on you to cheer me up.,Make a point of doing(p2):do it in a very deliberate and obvious way,She made a point of spending as much time as
29、possible away from her parents.,Infringe(p2): breaking a law or a rule; interfere with peoples rights,The film exploited his image and ed his copyright. They see it as an ment on their own freedom of action.,Alternative(p3):a choice replacing other options,New ways to treat arthritis关节炎 may provide
30、an to painkillers止痛片. You had a right to seek employment. health care (a method very different from usual ones),Dare bet (p7): (normal and modal verb),He to take unpopular, but principled stands at times. Tokyo not raise its interest rates again.(modal verb) Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eye
31、s daring him to comment. Dont you dare go anywhere else, you hear? How dare you eavesdrop our conversation? I dare say that,To the best of(p8),To the best of my abilities/ability 尽我所能 To the best of my recollection 尽我所能回忆,Consist of(p8): be formed from,My diet consists almost exclusively of vegetabl
32、es and milk. His crew consists of strong men. His work as a consultant consists in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories. (haveas the main or only part),Leaders of rivals factions compose the council. The force is composed of troops from NATO countries. The four companies constit
33、ute the Aramco partnership.(be constituted means be established)The cabinet comprises / is comprised of congressional leaders. The multitude of ideas, ambitions and regrets comprise the culture of Russia today.,In so far as(p16): insofar as: explain and add to sth you have just said,We are entering
34、a period of less danger insofar as the danger of nuclear war between the superpowers is less.,Detachment(p20):no emotional involvement or interest,He tries to remain emotionally detached from the prisoners, but fails. Elizabeth viewed his work with a cynical detachment.,Launch out(p22): launch into
35、a speech, task, or fight,Geoff has launched himself into fatherhood with great enthusiasm. Launch a rocket, missile, or satellite a ship, lifeboat a large activity, a military attack a new product,Is bubbling with a feeling(p39): so full of the feeling that you may express the way you feel to everyo
36、ne around,He was quite tireless, bubbling over with vitality. She came to the phone bubbling with excitement.,Sensational(p46):causing great excitement and interest,The world champion suffered a defeat. tabloid newspaper reports大肆渲染,disclosure(p47):giving new or secret information,The public is shocked by insufficient and deliberate concealing of negative information about Anron. Unauthorized newspaper s未获批准未经授权的消息披露,
