1、信息可视化与可视分析 Information Visualization and Visual Analytics,林 夏 xlindrexel.edu 2006年8月,Outline,Introduction to Information Visualization The field of Information visualization Applications of Information Visualization For Knowledge Domain Analysis in Libraries/Digital Libraries Dynamic knowledge repre
2、sentation Future of Information Visualization,您看到了什么？,先从游戏开始：,为什么您看到了,应为我看到了 靠直觉 靠感应 靠联想 靠知识 应为一种豁朗尔郎的感觉 “点到为止” “动态连接”,人类智能的开发,信息可视化是对人类智能一种新的开发 理性的智慧 Rational intelligence Natural Sciences 感性的智慧 Emotional intelligence Humanities 知性的智慧 Visual intelligence Perception & recognition,知性的智慧,如何提高认知的功能 理解感
3、知的能力 The power of perception 認知的功能 The power of graphics 图形的功能 The power of associations 联想的功能 通过计算机的功能来提高，放大认知的功能,What is Information Visualization ?,Card, Mackinlay, and Shneiderman: “The use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representation of abstract data to amplify cognition.” Interact
4、ive - 互动式的 Visual representation 可視的 Amplify cognition 提高認知的功能,How Visualization Works?,不同层次的信息处理: 语言与信号的层次 Signs and messages are transferred at a linguistic level. 认知的层次 They are transferred into information at a cognitive level only via perception and interpretation. 信息可视化促进了从语言与信号的层次到认知的层次的转化。 I
5、nformation visualization is about moving information processing from the data/linguistic level to the cognitive level.,The Field of Information Visualization,1995 年前后，随着网络信息技术的发展，一批可视技术有了新的突破 HotSauce (Apple Computer) WebCutter (Mapuciino - IBM) AltaVistas LiveTopic (Statistics approach) SemioMap (S
6、emio Inc. linguistic approach) Xerox PARCs research prototypes 信息可视化领域的一个里程碑是1995年开始的InfoVis 年会。,The Field of IV,另一个里程碑是1999年出版的 “Readings in Information Visualization”信息可视化是一门边缘学科 Computer Science Information Science Psychology Education And many other applied fields.,INFOVIS.ORG,TECHNOLOGY,INTERAC
7、TION,CONTENT,THEORY,Visualization,GUI,Software,HCI,Visualizing 10 years of INFOVIS,More Examples of Information Maps: http:/www.cybergeography.org/atlas/atlas.html,,信息可视化的应用,Knowledge Domain Visualization Information Visualization in Libraries Dynamic Knowledge Representation,信息可视化应用之一： 知识领域可视化 (Kno
8、wledge Domain Visualization),美国科学院2003年举办专题讨论会：会议论文在美科学院学报出了专辑： PNAS, April 6, 2004 (Supp. 1),PNASLink,清华大学网站可视图,清华,北京科技大,北京邮电大学,信息可视化应用之二： 可视化在图书馆的应用,Commercial Products Visual Thesaurus AquaBrowser Xreferplus Concept Map Dewey browsers My Prototypes,Visual Thesaurus,Hyperbolic Tree,AquaBrowser,Xre
9、ferplus,OCLC Dewey Browser,My IV Research,My IV Research Projects Map of Information Scientists Whats New Exploratory PubMed Searching VCE: Visual Concept Explorer AuthorMap Author co-citation Mapping PNASLink Journal mapping Visual Dialog VCE for Dynamic Knowledge Representation,信息可视化应用之三： 动态概念可视图,
10、Example: 怎样表示“大脑”这个概念 ?,A Traditional View,ERIC Thesaurus,A Dynamic View,A Self-Organizing Map,Cognition,Brain Dysfunction,Child Education,based on ERIC,A “Brain” Map based on ,MEDLINE,A Social Classification View,The “BRAIN” Map on Del.icio.us,ERIC “Brain” Map for 1995-2006,Cognition,Child Educatio
11、n,Brain,ERIC “Brain” Map for 1990-1984,Brain Dysfunction,Learning Disabilities,Hyperactivity,INSPECs “BRAIN” map,讨论,动态概念可视图可以根据不同的数据库，不同的用途，不同的用户需要通过电脑即使生成 Concepts can be represented differently and dynamically in different literature databases. Concept representation can be integrated with the und
12、erlying information space. 用户可以用互动的形式通过可视界面来学习，理解新概念及概念之间的关系。 Dynamic knowledge representation encourages explorative learning It provides an overview of what information the system has on related topics. It supports interactive means to let user explore.,VCE Visual Concept Explorer,VCE is a researc
13、h tool created to explore dynamic concept representation applications of information visualization interactive Interfaces for explorative learning VCE is a real-world application Connecting to practical literature databases. Currently is being tested in practical libraries John Hopkins Medical Libra
14、ry Stanford Libraries,Visual Concept Explorer,Whats Next in IV,Several significant developments on the next generation of IV applications At University of Maryland At NIH/NSF At National Visualization Analytics Center,Next Generation of IV Applications,Challenges of second generations of IV Systemat
15、ic strategies for discovery Diverse data types: textual resources, patient histories, trees, and social networks Tighter integration into organizational workflows that amplify individual creativity with the catalytic benefits of social creativity Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland,Visual Discov
16、ery,Overview first, zoom and filter, then details-on-demand.,NIH/NSF Visualization Research Challenges, Jan. 2006,Principal Finding: Visualization is indispensable to the solution of complex problems in every sector, from traditional medical, science and engineering domains to such key areas as fina
17、ncial markets, national security, and public health. Advances in visualization enable researchers to analyze and understand unprecedented amounts of experimental, simulated, and observational data and through this understanding to address problems previously deemed intractable or beyond imagination.
18、,NVAC,The Next Generation of VAC,Meeting, May 23 -24, Stanford University Regional VAC RVAC,VAST,可视分析是信息可视化的一个新的分支。 Visual Analytics of Science and Technology （VAST). 可视分析年会从今年开始。 The first VAST conference will be hold this October in Baltimore, Maryland. 可视分析今后几年将吸引大量的科研投资。,可视分析,Map of the Stock Ma
19、rket,Expectations,A new wave of IV applications is arriving. Focus on information seeking, Focus on knowledge discovery Focus on information analytics Focus on integrated solutions.,IV Development Tools,InfoVis Cyberinfrastructure Indiana University: http:/iv.slis.indiana.edu/ Piccolo Toolkit University of Maryland: http:/www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/piccolo/ the prefuse visualization toolkit: http:/ The visualization toolkit: http:/ OpenDX: http:/www.opendx.org/,http:/iv.slis.indiana.edu/,
