1、2019/1/12,1,中医学术论文写作,兰凤利 上海中医药大学,2019/1/12,2,中医学术论文英文写作,1 写作目的 2 论文结构 3 写作要求 4 写作方法,2019/1/12,3,1. 写作目的,发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。 与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按2005年收录分析）（IF/2004年）： (1) Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine （1.401） (2) Complementary Therapies in Medicine (1.317) (3) Alternative Therapies in
2、 Health and Medicine (0.971 ) (4) American Journal of Chinese Medicine (0.593 ) (5) Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research （0.341）,2019/1/12,4,2 论文结构 (structure/format),2.1 扉页 (title page) 2.2 正文 (main body) 2.3 附录 (appendix),2019/1/12,5,2.1 Title Page 扉页 (TAA),Title Authors full name and profe
3、ssional address Abstract or Summary Objective, Method, Results, Conclusion Key words (Supported/funded/granted/sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation (标书号、合同号等）/A project funded by the National “863” Program),2019/1/12,6,2.2 Main Body 正文(IMRaD),Introduction Materials and methods Result
4、s (and) Discussion (Conclusion),2019/1/12,7,2.3 Appendix 附录,Acknowledgement References,2019/1/12,8,3 写作要求 (Requirements),The Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMSBJ, 5th Ed., 1997) formulated by The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE):,201
5、9/1/12,9,3.1 Introduction 引言,The purpose of an introduction is to bring the reader into the general area of your study and then state the specific area of study (move from the general to the specific). The introduction shows the scope of your investigation efforts.,2019/1/12,10,Introduction200 words
6、,背景Statement of general area or history of problem 意义Statement of importance or need 进展Statement of previous findings, reports or studies (citations) 目的Statement of purpose of current study 范围Statement of specific area of problem to be studied,2019/1/12,11,3.2 Materials and Methods 材料与方法,Readers mus
7、t be able to reproduce your results, evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness of your methods, and follow the logic in the paper.,2019/1/12,12,Materials and Methods,简要说明研究设计（Study design） 详细说明研究对象：Patients, Subjects, healthy volunteers, animals (sex, age, species, breed, physiological
8、 state, etc.) 随机分组方法和选择标准（Methods of any random assignment of subjects to groups and criteria for admission to study groups） 药物（Drug）,激素（hormone）,试剂（reagent）, 其它化学品（other chemicals）, 商标（trademark）,生产厂家（manufacturer）及所在地（location） 简要说明测定方法（Method of measurement） 简要说明统计分析方法（Method of statistical analy
9、sis）,2019/1/12,13,Materials and Methods,Approval from “Institutional Review Board” (“informed consent” from patients and explanation on “Animal Welfare Act”) Randomized Controlled Trial, RCT: JAMA 1996; 276: 637-639 或 www. consort-statement. org/statement. Htm Past tense,2019/1/12,14,3.3 Results 结果,
10、This section tells the reader what happened in your work. Remember: let your results speak for themselves and dont embellish (leave that for Discussion section),2019/1/12,15,Results,Overview of the results Statistical significance Statistical support, such as figures, tables, pictures, etc.,2019/1/1
11、2,16,Results,In chronological order Integrated, clear, pithy, correlated, and logical Past tense (present tense: truth or well-known fact, e.g. Erectile dysfunction is common in men with diabetes.) Significant/significance:,2019/1/12,17,Points for attention: Such expressions as “The results tended t
12、o be greater than”, “showed no promising trends”, “It could/might be inhibited by” should be avoided.,2019/1/12,18,3.4 Discussion 讨论,The author should tell the reader what the results mean by placing them in the context of previous published studies of the problem.,2019/1/12,19,Discussion,简要说明研究背景 (
13、Background) 简要介绍总的发现 (General findings) 介绍具体要点 (Introduction of points) 与先有发现 (若有) 进行比较 (Comparison in the context of other studies) 意义(Suggested meaning) 结论 (Conclusion): We conclude that 前瞻研究 (Future studies),2019/1/12,20,Discussion,Tense 分清实验过程和结果（past tense）与分析意见（present tense）； 他人研究结果（past tens
14、e或present perfect）与本研究结果（past tense）； 普遍适用的结论（present tense）与只适用本研究的结论（past tense）；,2019/1/12,21,Discussion,The Use of Parenthesis: however, we believe/think/consider, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice) 避免含糊的倾向：These results seem to suggest that oral sildenafil could be useful in some se
15、lected populations and certain conditions.,2019/1/12,22,3.5 Acknowledgement 致谢,Always get the persons approval of your intention to mention him in the acknowledgement and of the form in which you will present the acknowledgement.,2019/1/12,23,Acknowledgement,This study was supported by Medical Resea
16、rch Funds from State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Dr. Wang was supported by a National Research Council Associate-ship. We thank Li Yunlong for his assistance with technical aspects of this study. We are grateful to Mei Mei for assistance in preparing the manuscript.,2019/1/12,24,
17、3.6 References 参考文献,Reference styles should be specific to each journal. References: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals www.acponline.org/journals/resource/unifrqr.htm E.g.,2019/1/12,25,Vega KJ, Pina I, Krevesky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increa
18、sed risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 1; 124 (11): 980-3. (标准杂志文章) Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurse. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar publisher; 1996. (作者为个人的书或专著) Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Chu
19、rchill Livingstone; 1996. (有主编的书或专著),2019/1/12,26,References 参考文献,在排印中（In Press/Forthcoming）, e.g. Leshner Al. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med. In Press 1996. 个人交流（personal communication），尽量避免使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式： In a letter received from Robert J Glynn, MD. in January 20
20、05, he stated that In a conversation in March 2006, Denis A Evans, MD reported that Our findings in this aspect of the study agree with those of Paul A Scherr, PhD (written communication, September 2005),2019/1/12,27,3.7 others 其它,插图说明：Type or print out legends for illustrations using double spacing
21、, starting on a separate page. 插图：Design your figures for the appropriate reduction. 表格：A table should be totally self-contained unit of information.,2019/1/12,28,4 英文写作,4.1 论文写作ABC 4.2 论文标题的撰写 4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作,2019/1/12,29,4.1 写作ABC,4.1.1 Passive or active? Patients were instructed on the use of oral
22、 sildenafil. Blood levels were monitored every four hours. We instructed each patient on use of oral sildenafil and showed patients how to record blood glucose values every four hours.,2019/1/12,30,4.1.2 We or I? (single author) “Resolve to take the great leap and say I. Everybody should by now reco
23、gnize that a mask is more conspicuous than a face.” Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage The author (I) This study, this report, this research, this thesis (I),2019/1/12,31,4.1.3 写作ABC Prewriting: to select a journal, and read “Instructions to Authors”; Simple outlining on the basis of your researc
24、h materials; From Interior to Exterior: writing “materials and methods”, “results”, and “discussion” first, then writing “introduction”, “abstract” and “title”.,2019/1/12,32,4.2 论文标题的撰写,Titles are to be written to be understood by those in your field, telling them exactly what you have done in your
25、work.,2019/1/12,33,4.2.1 文题的一般要求,Titles should be short, clear, and amenable to indexing. (JAMA) 1) short and concise: Write in one line (not a sentence), not containing an active verb, not exceeding 25 words or 120-140 letters and spaces, no abbreviations or chemical symbols except those that are g
26、enerally accepted, e.g. DNA, RNA, AIDS, CT; (Cv could be explained as cardiovascular or costovertebral, etc.),2019/1/12,34,2) Informative: State exactly what you want the reader to know about your paper and your work; 3) Indexing: Pack as many key words or indexing terms as possible into the title w
27、ithout overloading it, key words not in the title will be in the abstract or can go in the “Key Words” section of the paper, key words are usually in the beginning or ending of the title.,2019/1/12,35,4.2.2 简洁 副标题的使用,副标题的作用 A. 突出病例数 Gallstone Ileus: A Review of 40 Cases B. 突出重点内容 Acquired Immune Def
28、iciency Syndrome: Disease Characteristics and Oral Manifestations Balancing: Treatment of Gynecological Diseases,2019/1/12,36,C. 突出研究方法 Urine Cannabinoid Analysis: An Integrated Multimethod Approach D. 突出同位关系 Academic Dismissals: Due Process,2019/1/12,37,E. 解释性用词 Pancreatitis in Systemic lupus eryth
29、ematosus (SLE): A case report and review of the literature Examples of Paired Medicinals: Experiences in Compatibility Developed by Different Schools,2019/1/12,38,F. 提问或选择 Is chronic abdominal pain a surgical symptom or a psychiatric symptom? Chronic abdominal pain: a surgical or psychiatric symptom
30、?,2019/1/12,39,4.2.3 介词的使用,research on management for observation on experience in introduction to contrast between surgery for,2019/1/12,40,4.2.4 格式,1) 词组式 Some Aspects of Renal Tumors Effects of Glucose on Neuroblastoma in Vitro and in Vivo Pattern Identification and Treatment of Dysmenorrhea Expe
31、riences in Treating Infantile High Fever Treatment of Globus Hystericus (Plum-Pit Qi) with Integrative Medicine,2019/1/12,41,2) 主谓式 Lets Do Away with Smallpox Dietary Cholesterol As Carcinogenic for Human Colon Cancer,2019/1/12,42,(3) 疑问式 Can Prostatectomy Be Improved? Must We Specialize Herniorrhap
32、hy for Better Results? Does Danggui Sini Decoction Contain Fresh Ginger? What Are the Indications of Scutellaria Decoction?,2019/1/12,43,4.3 论文摘要的翻译与写作,4.3.1 论文摘要的作用 4.3.2 论文摘要的分类 4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用,2019/1/12,44,4.3.1 论文摘要的作用,“The function of the abstract of a scientific paper is to provide an overvie
33、w of the paper so that the readers know the main story and a few essential details of your work without reading the whole text of the paper. The abstract should make sense both when read alone and when read with the paper.”-URMSBJ,2019/1/12,45,4.3.2 论文摘要的分类,2019/1/12,46,Indicative Abstract（通报性或指示性摘要
34、）：只通报主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一般用现在时表达，如：Free transfer of two undamaged fingers from a non-replantable left arm to a mutilated right hand in a 16-year-old boy is reported. 本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男孩被切断的右手。 Informative Abstract （资料性摘要）：告诉读者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题。,2019/1/12,47,论文摘要的分类,2019/1/12,48,4.3.3 论文摘要中时态的应用,1) Objective/Purpose/Aim Background: present tense or present perfect Objective: present tense or present perfect or past tense 2) Materials, methods and results: past tense 3) Conclusion: past tense, or present tense,2019/1/12,49,Thank you for your attention!,兰凤利 ,
