1、四 级翻译,1.简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,2.解题技巧,1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达； 2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来； 3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,如何备考,要备考翻译，还是需要做比较多细致的工作的。 首先，大家应该重视语法结构和句型。可以通过做语法专项练习来实现。有语法的盲点应该通过练习和查阅语法书及时扫清
2、。 其次，应该重视搭配。记单词的时候要养成记搭配的习惯，尤其对于动词来说要这样。大家最好能够了解到大学英语课程教学要求里面所规定的搭配，如09年6月第一题里考到的talk sb. out of doing sth。就在其中。当然这并不够因为像以往考过的deprive sb. of sth. 这样基本的重要搭配在大学英语课程教学要求里面又找不到，所以还需要大家自己在背单词的时候尽可能多记一些搭配。,精研2006年6月24日至2010年6月共九套新四级翻译真题，彻底搞懂每个考点，诸多考点反复重考。 背熟四级考试核心词组 。 掌握四级翻译核心语法点，如虚拟语气、倒装句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等
3、。,3.分析考题,翻译考题的考点通常是：语法，词汇和固定搭配。有时一个考题中同时出现多个考点，但是为了分析之便，我们根据考题的侧重点把考题分类成以下三大考点：一、语法结构 (grammar)、 二、重点单词 (key words)、 三、固定搭配 (set structures)。,一 语法结构（grammar）：动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句（最常考）、定语从句。,1动名词 (gerund )：一道。 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路) (2006. 6 ) finding the w
4、ay to the history museum. 2虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）：一道。 89. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006. 12 ) might have survived,3倒装 (inversion)：样题： Not only (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either. 考点：Not only 引起的部分倒装 (助动词提前) did he overcharge me 4状语从句（adverbia
5、l clauses）：六道。重要考点。 1) 目的状语 (adverbial clauses of purpose)：一道。 88. 为了挣钱供我读书, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.（2006. 6） In order to make money to support my schooling,2) 让步状语 (adverbial clauses of concession)：一道。 91. Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the eco
6、nomic crisis.（2006. 6） he was fired by the company 3) 时间状语 (adverbial clauses of time)：一道。 90. Some psychologists claim that people （出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006. 12 ) may feel lonely when theyre away from home.,4) 条件状语 (adverbial clauses of condition)：一道。 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你方便的话
7、) (2007. 6.) if its convenient for you. 5) 比较状语 (结构) (adverbial clauses of comparison or comparative constructions )：两道。 88. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) （2006. 12） to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂)（2006. 6）the more confused I
8、am,5定语从句 (attributive clauses)：一道。 88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域 ) (2007.6) the field (where) we can cooperate.,二 重点单词 (key words)：,89. The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.（2006. 6）we (should) hand in the research report 87. Specialists in intercultural studie
9、s say that it is not easy (2006.12 ) to adapt oneself to life in different cultures. 87. The finding of this study failed to (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内 ) (2007. 6 ) take the quality of humans sleep into consideration.,89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete (决定退出比赛) (2007. 6 ) decided to quit the match. 90. T
10、o make donations or for more information, please (按以下地址和我们联系) (2007. 6 ) contact us at the following address. 注: 词汇是学习语言的基础，一定要重视词汇的积累！,三 固定搭配 (set structures)：,91. The nations population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度). (2006. 12 ) at a rate of 12 million per year. 91. Please come here at ten tomo
11、rrow morning (如果你方便的话) (2007.6 ),at your convenience.,4.解题步骤,第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。 所谓形式包括： 1词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等) 2.虚拟 3.被动 所谓时态是指,根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。 第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。,第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。第四步：通读句子，检查错误。看看句子是否通顺，你的翻译跟原来的英文是
12、否协调一致。,5. 真题详解：2006.12,1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). 06.12 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。第二步： 分析“适应不同文化的生活” 核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt to; adapt oneself to； “生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures (2).重新组合：adapt one
13、self to the life in different cultures 考察知识点：词组固定搭配adapt oneself to sth/doing sth“适应-”,2.Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 第一步：由Since my childhood I have found that可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子。第二步：分析“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力” 核心谓语动词是“比-更有吸引力”， “没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“比-更有吸引力”= be
14、more attractive to sb，“没有什么”=nothing，“读书”=reading，“对我”=for/to me。 (2).重新组合：nothing is more attractive to me than reading 考察知识点：比较级nothing+比较级=最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。,3.The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 第一步：由The victim 可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if
15、 he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。 第二步：分析“本来会有机会活下来” 核心谓语动词是“本来有机会-”，“活下来”作宾语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“本来有机会-”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive (2).重新组合：would have a chance to survive. 正确答案：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival could have survived 考察知识点：虚拟语气与过去
16、相反的虚拟语气，从句用had done，主句用would have done 有机会做某事：have/stand a chance to do sth/of sth-,4.Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 第一步：由Some psychologists claim that people .可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。 第二步：分析“出门在外时可能会感到孤独” 核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“可能会感到
17、”= may feel，“孤独”=lonely，“出门在外时”be away from home. (2).重新组合：may feel lonely when they are away from home. 考察知识点：词性辨析 lonely. adj.孤独的、寂寞的；alone. adj.独自的 ；“出门在外”的翻译。When they are not in their hometown,5.The nations population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度). 第一步：由句中部分可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。 第二步：分析“以每年1200万
18、人的速度” 词组固定搭配“以-的速度”，“每年”作状语，“1200万人”作定语。 第三步： (1).切块对应翻译：“以-的速度”= at a speed/rate of-，“每年”=per year，“1200万人”=12 million. (2).重新组合：at a speed of 12 million per year. 正确答案：at a speed of 12 million per year 或 at a rate of 12 million people per year或 at an annual rate of 12,000,000 people考察知识点：词组固定搭配 at
19、 a speed of- “以-的速度”；注意：million不加s,下面，我们以四级新题型样题和真题中的翻译题为例，进一步说明翻译题型的解题步骤与方法。,大学英语四级翻译题目汇总,大纲样题 87.The substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。 88.Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比)。 90. On average, it is said,
20、visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.,例：四级新题型试点考试样卷翻译87. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加热).关键词加热heat；不管是否(no matter) whether or not连 接heat与其逻辑主语substance之间需采用被动连接，即heat加ed。优 化wheth
21、er (it is) heated or not. 注意，it is可省略。点 评如果heated or not放在句首，whether也可以省略。,88. Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.关键词收费过高overcharge, charge too much/high连 接句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。优 化(Not only) did he charge me too much/high, / did he overcharge me, 。点
22、 评如果未能想出用overcharge/charge too much表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用ask for too much来表达，答案可以是did he ask me for too much。,89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).关键词相比compare (with), in comparison with；我的mine, my losses连 接compare与其逻辑主语Your losses之间需采用被动连接。优 化in comparison with mine或compared wit
23、h mine。点 评此处最好用介词词组，如果用compared with mine，则放在句首更合适。,90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _ (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.关键词一半half；钱money连 接注意后文的as，此处需用一比较连接词as，并在as后需增添一形容词或副词。优 化 half as much money。点 评这里因为前文有spend，这里可以省略money；此处如果先把“一半”的意思撇开，更易“化解”原文，即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱”，spend
24、 as much (money) in a day in Leeds as in London，然后将“(只有)一半”加进去，这样来看(only) half只能放在as much前。,91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.关键词孩子的成功childrens success / success of the children；把归因于attribute to / owe to连 接上文的were more likely后需接to。优 化to attribute their c
25、hildrens success / success of their children to。点 评“把归因于”也可以化解为“相信的原因是”，即believe that their childrens success is due to/ the main factor for their childrens success is。,2006年6月24日英语四级翻译 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. _ (为了挣钱供我上学)， mother often takes on
26、more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)。 90. The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂). 91. Though a skilled worker, _ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 87. finding the way to the history museum 88. In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my
27、 education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees) 89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s) 90. the more confused I am 91. he was fired by the company,2006年12月23日英语四级翻译,87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活). 88. Since my childhood I have f
28、ound that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89. The victim _ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90. Some psychologists claim that people _ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91. The nations population continues to rise _ (以每年1200万人的速度). 87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures 88. nothing is more at
29、tractive to me than reading 89. would have had a chance to survive或would have survived 90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling. 91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million,2007年6月23日英语四级翻译,87. The finding of this study
30、 failed to _ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete _ (决定退出比赛). 90. To make donations or for more information, please _ (按以下地址和我们联系). 91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning _ (如果你方便的话). 87. take peoples sleep quality/q
31、uality of sleep into account/consideration 88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate 89. decided to quit the match 90. contact us at the following address 91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you,2007年12月22日英语四级翻译,87. _ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，doctors can treat th
32、is disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _.(我比以前更容易累了) 89. I am going to pursue this course, _. (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲) 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _. (它更加方便和省时) 91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _ (是用他
33、们能够借到多少来衡量的)，not how much they can earn. 87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions 88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before 89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) 90. th
34、e former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow,2008年6月21日英语四级翻译,87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _. (能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I cant boot my computer now. something _ (一定出了毛病)with it
35、s operating system. 89. Leaving ones job, _(无论是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90. _ (与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _(直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. 87. can be applied to the development of the new technology.
36、88. must be wrong 89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 90. Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished the mission,2008年12月20日英语四级翻译,87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _. (他们至今还没有答案) 88. _(大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best ed
37、ucation possible for their children. 89. Youd better take a sweater with you _. (以防天气变冷) 90. Through the project, many people have received training and _. (决定自己创业) 91. The anti-virus agent was not known _. (直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 87. to which they still have no answers today 88. what most parents are concer
38、ned about 89. in case of temperature drop 90. decide to start their own business 91. until a doctor found it by chance,2009年6月20日英语四级翻译,87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _ (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _. (就不会被大雨淋了)
39、 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _. (更有可能增加体重) 90. (很多人没有意识到的)_ is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is _. (与缺乏锻炼密切相关) difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates wouldnt
40、have been caught by the heavy rain more likely to put on weight what many people dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize closely linked to the lack of exercise / closely related to the lack of exercise,2009年12月英语四级翻译,87. You would not have failed if _.(按照我的指令去做) 88. Despite the hardship he
41、encountered, Mark never _. (放弃对知识的追求) 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before _. (我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 90. Production has to be increased considerably to _. (与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 91. The more exercise you take, _. (你越不大可能感冒) 87. if you had followed my instructions/orders 88. abandoned the pursui
42、t of knowledge 89. find the cure for cancer 90. keep pace with the constantly growing demands of consumers 91. the less likely you are to catch a cold,2010年6月英语四级翻译题,87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had greatdifficulty_(集中注意力在实验上) 88、The manager never laughed;neither_(她也从来没有发过脾气)。 89、We look forwar
43、d to_( 被邀请出席开幕式)。 90、It is suggested that the air conditioner_(要安装在窗户旁边) 91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroadon her own despite_(她父母的强烈反对)in focusing on the experiment had she lost her temper being invited to attend the opening ceremony (should) be installed by the window her parents str
44、ong objection,Examples,1、Because she knew French, she _ （比我们有利）. 2、Its important that the librarian _（确认图书按时归还）. 3、The regulations doesnt _ (生效) until the first of March. 4、My mother wanted me to _ _ (从事教育工作）. 5、After arriving at your new university, the following may assist you in _ （减轻文化冲击所带来的紧张感）
45、.,Analysis,1、Because she knew French, she _ _ . （比我们有利） 词组： have an advantage of / over（比有利） 时态： 根据前半句的knew，此处应使用一般过去时.,over (the rest of) us,had an advantage,2、 Its important that the librarian _ _ .（确认图书按时归还） 从句： 主语从句it is important that 虚拟语气： should + 动词原形，should可以省略 语态： “按时归还”应使用被动语态be returned
46、词组： make sure（确认）,books (should) be returned in time,make sure the,3、 The regulations doesnt _ (生效) until the first of March. 词组： come/go into effect（生效） 4、 My mother wanted me to _ (从事教育工作） 词组： go in for（从事）,come/go into effect,go in for teaching,5、 After arriving at your new university, the following may assist you in _. （减轻文化冲击所带来的紧张感）. 动名词： assist somebody in doing something 词组： cultural shock（文化冲击）,
