1、冠词的用法常考知识点：,一如何表示一类人或物：,A horse is a useful animal. The horse is a useful animal. Horses a re useful animals.,以上三句都表示“马是有用的动物”表示泛指。用于概括时， the表示“人/物的整个一类”；即表示某个类属的整体。也即 概括某个类属的所有成员，而a/an则指“一类人/物中的任何一个”，是有类似any的含义，换言之， the是指从种类整体角度讲的，而a/an 则是从种类个体的角度讲的。这很像数学中的“点”和“面”的关系， “点”反应“面”，“面“是”由“点”组成的。 这个区别很重要
2、eg.,The tiger is in danger of dying out. 这里说的是老虎这种动物“整个一类”的情况，而不是任何一只老虎的情况，因为任何一只老虎到一定年龄都要死亡的，这不是说老虎这类动物要绝迹，所以不能用a。不过，用复数形式倒可以的，即Tigers are in danger of dying out . 又例： The horse has been praised by many poets as a noble animal. 这里“马”是总称，而非泛指。又如： Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in1876. A. x
3、 B. a C. the D. one 此处讲电话，应是整体而言的，因为无论是哪种型号，款式、价格，它们的功能是一样的，都是电话，故选C。,又如：wheel is most useful invention to mankind. A.The，the B.A,the C.The,a D.A,a 各种各样的轮子，在日常生活中，生产中功能各异，但有一点是共同的，即它们都是圆圆的轮子。因此，此处的轮子是从整体角度而言的，另外，生活中，发明很多，对人类很有用，很难比较哪一项是最有用的，只能说非常有用，故选C。 不过，需指出的是，尽管可以用定冠词+单数可数名词“表示某一类人或物”，但在很多情况下这种用法
4、会让人造成误解或含义不清：如说：A tiger can be dangerous。“老虎是危险的”，意思清楚，但若说成The tiger can be dangerous。则可能有歧义，即可理解为“老虎是危险的”或“这只老虎是危险的”又如“医生工资收入高”可译为：Doctors are well paid 而通常不译为“The doctor is well paid”，否则会让人可能理解为“这个医生收入高”。,总之：当要说指某类人/物中的任何一个时，常用不定冠词，若不产生歧义，也可用定冠词；当要概括某类属的整体时，则只能用定冠词，不能用不定冠词。 如： （1997）Have you seen
5、pen ? I left it here this morning.Is it black one ? I think I saw it some where .A.a,the B.the, the C.the, a D.a, a 在have you seen a pen 中，a pen 分类泛指，a一方面表分类，另一方面表示数量为“一”is it a black one ？指问话人是要找一支钢笔，而答话者所说的a black one 并非特指哪支钢笔，而是一种猜测，故选D。 二、a/an与one 不要混消 1.a/an一方面表示“分类”，另一方面表示数量为“一”，而one则侧重数量，eg P
6、lease give me a pen （不是铅笔，圆珠笔，也不是其他任何东西，而是钢笔，且数量为“一”） Please give me one pen .(不是两支，三支等，而是一支)。,2.a/an 可表示“每一”，而one则不可以，eg His daughter came to see him three times a week。 3.与表示时间的名词连用作状语时，one前面不用任何介词，而a/an前面的介词不可丢，eg. I first saw him one evening in July. I first saw him on an evening in July. 三、专有名词
7、/物质名词/抽象名词具体化 1、“a/an+专有名词”使专有名词具体化，译为“之类的东西/人”，eg. A Mr. Smith wants to see you . He bought a complete Lu Xun. He came here in a new Benz.他是开一辆新奔驰车来这儿的。 He thought he was a Zhu Geliang.他自以为是诸葛亮。 His wife is a Kennedey.他妻子是肯尼迪家族一员。 Suzhou is a Venice of the East.苏州是东方的威尼斯,2、“a/an+物质名词”使物质名词具体化。表示一种，
8、一杯，一份等，eg。 Id like a tea/coffee/drink/beer, please. 我要来杯茶/咖啡/饮料/啤酒。 注意：这四个物质名词都可数， two teas, five coffees等，应重点记忆，千万 不要误认为milk也可具体化。 an iron 一只熨斗 a heavy rain 一场大雨 a strong wind 一阵大风 a heavy snow 一场大雪 3.“a/an+抽象名词“使抽象名词具体化。表示具体的行为，一次动作或概念的具体体现。 eg. He did me a kindness. I have a favour to ask of you
9、. He was a pride/honor (an honor)/comfort to his parents. As a teacher, Tom was a success, but as a father, he was a failure.,Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade. What a pleasant surprise you gave as I am quite at a loss .我真不知该怎么办。 Its a pity you cant swim
10、. 有些抽象名词是由动词转化来的，也与不定冠词连用具体化，eg. We had a swim in the river yesterday. May I have a look at it ? (11) Can you give me a lift ,please. (12) Let go out for a walk . 四、特指或泛指 如果说“a/an+单数可数名词”可以表示分类，又可表示泛指，那么就复数名词或不可数名词而言，它们是不能用a/an，只能与the连用。The的有无取决于该名词是特指还是泛指。,例1 I love music, poetry and art . I love t
11、he art of the 18th century. 例2 He likes cars, girls, food and drink. The cars in that garage belong to the girls who live next door. 例3 Alice is fond of playing piano,while Henry is interested in listening to music. A.x,the B.X,X C.the,X D.the,the 例4 Beyond stars,the astronaut saw nothing but space.
12、 A.the,X B.x,the C.x,x D.the,a 太空中的星体和世界上独一无二的事物都要加the,故“星星”之前应用the，而Space，Society，nature；man/mankind 前一般不用冠词故选A。,例5 Many people are still in habbit of writing silly things in public places. A.the,the B.x,x C.the,x D.x,the In the habbit of doing sth. 是一个短语，而public places 表示泛指，故选C。 例6.She is new come
13、r to Chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries . A.the,the B.the, x C.a,x D.a,the A new comer 表分类泛指，Chemistry 为泛指，故选C。 五.冠词的特殊位置： 1.若修饰名词的形容词受too, so, as, how, however等副词的修饰，则通常将不定冠词置于形容词与名词之间。,She is as good a cook as her mother. It is too difficult a book for beginners. He did
14、nt know how great a mistake he had made. However good a radio you have,you will never get perfect sound. It was so warm a day that we decided to go to the sea. 2.不定冠词与副词quite，rather连用时，不定冠词通常置于其后，但其前有形容词时，则a/an放在quite/rather之前或之后都可以。Eg. He is rather a fool . It is quite a good book./ It is a quite g
15、ood book. 注：定冠词the 也是后置，eg. youre going quite the wrong way . It is quite the most interesting film Ive ever seen.,3.与both/all/half/twice等连用时，冠词常置于其后： I know both the brothers. All the children have gone home. He left half an hour ago. Your house is twice the size of mine. 六：冠词易忽略的用法： 1.a/an 用于序数词之前
16、,表示数量或序数的增加. Soon I saw a second plane. I want to read the novel a third time. 2.a most 表示“非常”，“很”，eg. This is a most interesting story.,3.“the+形容词”表一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。 表一类物，作主语时，谓语用单数, The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. The beautiful is not always the same as the good .美的东西不一定都是好的东西。
17、注；the+某些表国籍的形容词连用表类别。 The British are very proud of their sense of humour.英国人以自己的幽默感而自豪。 The Chinese are a friendly people.中华民族是一友善的民族 4.the 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较对象中的一个：Of the brothers，the younger is more interesting. 5.the 用于加强特指含义“正好是”，“刚好是”等，the要重读。 This is the word to be used here.这是用在这里最恰当的字眼。 He is t
18、he man for the job.他是最适合做这项工作的人。,6.用于姓氏的复数前，即“the+姓氏复”表示全家人或全家中两个或两个以上的人。 The Browns live next to us. 7.用于“hit+sb+介词+the+身体部位”及“catch/bold/take sb bythe+身体部位”。eg “他打了我的脸”，不能说He hit my face，而应说：He hit me in the face. He caught the thief by the collar. 8.the用于逢整十的数词的复数前，指世纪中的年代。 He moved to the south
19、in the seventies.他于70年代搬到南方去了。 The war broke out in the forties.,9.The 用于某些单数可数名词前，使意义抽象化，指其属性或功能等。 The color is pleasant to the eye.这颜色悦目。 He is fond of the bottle.他喜喝酒。 10.表示计算单位，用the,主要用于by the 十计量单位，含有a/each/per的意义，eg. He is paid by the hour.他拿计时工资。 The eggs is sold by the dozen. 11.The 用于江、（运）河
20、、海、洋以及山脉、群岛、半岛、海岛、海峡、沙漠等名词前： the ChangJiang River.the Pacific (ocean) the Suez(Canal),the Sahara. the Bay of Bengal 孟加拉湾,注1：关于湖泊前是否用冠词，分两种情况， 中国的湖名在英译时，常加the. eg。 The West Lake，the Dongting Lake。 外国的湖名前，多数不加定冠词，少数加，视情况而定，主要是习惯用法。Eg。 Lake Success 成功湖。The Lake of Geneva 日内瓦湖 注2：山名的构成有两种方式： 若用于“山名+Moun
21、tains”，前常用the ，eg. The Jinggang Mountains。 若用于“Mount/Mt+山名”，其前不用冠词，eg.Mt Tai。 另外，若不出现mountain一词时，则常用the，eg，the Alps,阿尔卑斯山。,12.the用于由普通名词构成（或含有普通名词）的专有名词，如国名、地名、政党、团体、组织机构以及旅馆、商店、学校、文娱场地、建筑物等之前，eg。 The United Nations. The Peace Hotel. The Red Cross Hospital,the Friendship Store. The Peoples Republic
22、of China . The National Peoples Congress.全国人民代表大会 注1：对于以地名命名的大学，有两种形式，eg the University of London/London University. 2.对于人名命名的大学，则不用冠词，eg。 Yale University 耶鲁大学，Brown Unidersity 布朗大学。 至于冠词的其他常见的用法本文则略，望见琼，如the特指前文提到的人或物，the用于独一无二的事物前，用于方向、方位词前，用于序数词及最高级前，用于乐器名称前与Play搭配等。,精选题：,1.(2005湖)I cant remember
23、 when exactly the Robinsons left_ city,I only remember it was _ Monday.,A.the,the B.a,the C.a,a D.the,a,2.(2004湖) For a long time they walked without saying word.Jim was the first to break silence.,A.the,a B.a,the C.a,x D.the,x,D,B,3.The sign reads “In case of fire,break the glass and push _ red but
24、ton”(2003) A.x,a B.x,the C.the ,the D.a,a,B,4.Jumping out of airplane at ten thousandfeet is quite _ exciting experience.(2002),A.x,the B.x,an C.an,an D.the,the,C,5.(1999)Paper money was in use in China when MarcoPolovisited the country in thirteenth century . A.the,x B.the,the C.x,the D.x,x,C,6.(20
25、00) Most animals have little connection with animals of _different kind unlessthey kill them for food. A.the,a B.x,a C.the,the D.x,the,B,7.Peter wont drive us to the station.He has to drive us all A.a very small car B.too small a car C. a too small car D.such a small car .,B,8.I often have conversat
26、ions with John over telephone,while keep in touch with Tom by _letter. A.x,the B.x,a C.the,x D.the,a,C,9. England of those years was England in peace. A.x,x B.The,an C.The,x D.x,an,B,10.I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm,but I knew it was Sunday because everybody was at church. A.a,the B
27、.a,x C.x,a D.x,x,B,11.In the market,vegetables are sold by kilogram,I mean, by_ weight. A.the,x B.x,x C.the,the D.x,the,A,12.-“What about school?”-“It is as good,as anybody can see, school as the one attached to Hunan Normal University.” A.a,the B.the,a C.a,a D.the,the,B,13.The cakes are delicious,Id like to have third one as _second one I ate was too small. A.the,the B.a,the C.the,a D.a,a,B,
