1、Abstract vs. Concrete,Connotations,Translation Techniques,Practice,Features,Part 3,茗烟又嘱咐道：“不可拿进园去，叫人 知道了，我就吃不了兜着走了。”,“Dont take them into the Garden,” Ming-yen warned him. “If they were found, Id be in serious trouble.”,Concrete,Abstract,A-C,An excessive reliance on the noun at the expense of the ve
2、rb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now, from when and how and in what mood the thing was done, and insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness. In Chinese, if there is no exact word for an abstraction, a concrete word or phras
3、e that comes nearest to the idea is used.,Connotations,A-C,Fe,TT,Pr,Nominalization Major Feature of English as an Abstract Language,抽象名词涵义概括，指称笼统，覆盖面广，往往有一种“虚”、“泛”、“暗”、“曲”、“隐”的魅力，因而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。,Features of Chinese as a Concrete Language,动词,范畴词,具体性描述,形象性描述,A-C,Co,TT,Pr,E-C Translation Technique
4、s,扩展名词化结构,增添范畴词,具体性描述,形象性描述,C-E Translation Techniques,动词名词化结构,省略范畴词,简化具体性描述,Co,Fe,简化形象性描述,A-C,Pr,To help myself live without fault, I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues. These virtues are: 1)Temperance, 2)Self-control, 3)Silence, 4)Order, 5)Firmness, 6)Savings, 7)Industry, 8)Honesty, 9
5、)Justice, 10)Cleanliness, 11)Calmness, 12)Morality, 13)Humbleness.,扩展名词化结构,TT,A-C,Both we and the Chinese approached that first opening toward each other with caution, uncertainty, even trepidation.,增添范畴词,TT,A-C,She replaced the receiver and sat there, her mind in a turmoil. She was not sure when it
6、 could have happened, or what her feelings were. She could not think straight.,具体性描述,TT,A-C,Many men have recognized the similarity of plants to the behavior of animals, and have dreamed wistfully, but forlornly, upon some method or source of rejuvenation such as Ponce de Leon sought in the Fountain
7、 of Youth several centuries ago.,形象性描述,TT,A-C,对我们大学感兴趣的学生会接到我们的电话，我们会邀请他们来参观校园。,动词名词化结构,理想大学的主要目的就是帮助学生发现自己的个性，并根据自己的个性来寻找职业。,TT,A-C,见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。,省略范畴词,那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。,TT,A-C,准备了这个药箱，有个头疼脑热的就不用找大夫了。,简化具体性描述,星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。,TT,A-C,他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。,简化形象性描述,允跪而言曰：“百姓有倒悬之危，君臣有危卵之急，非汝不能救也。”,TT,A
8、-C,1 A delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.2 The recruitment of Chinese laborers was not universally accepted in racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large members.,Practice,Fe,TT,A-C,3 The board of reg
9、ents recently adopted a document that divides academic dishonesty into four categories: “cheating”, “fabrication”, “facilitating academic dishonesty”, and “plagiarism”, with specific definitions for each.4 While taking online courses, students dont have to worry about travel and they dont have to wo
10、rry about accommodation.,Fe,TT,A-C,5 She wondered whether her outspokenness might be a liability to Franklin.6 He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.,A-C,Fe,TT,7 The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of the past centuri
11、es.8 She would have blushed had she been told as much in plain, set terms, and next, she might have grown indignant and asserted that her sole interest lay in the man she loved and her desire for him to make the best of himself.,A-C,Fe,TT,9教师借助只读光盘、互联网及电视会议等计算机技术，可以及时有效地对学生进行跟踪指导。10激光可以应用于许多科学领域，又适合
12、于各种实际用途，因此成了近年来轰动一时的科学成就之一。,Fe,TT,A-C,11即使在哈佛大学这样声名显赫的高等学府里，排斥知识的现象也很普遍：许多学生甚至羞于向他们的朋友承认他们学习了多少东西。12汽车尾气污染的问题已引起政府和民众的高度重视，一系列治理措施正在有效地展开。,Fe,TT,A-C,例13水，乃私家园林的标志性元素，必不可缺。无水，则园中一草一石，一花一木皆了无生趣。例14这简直是人间天堂，有吃不完的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，用不完的金银财宝。,Fe,TT,A-C,例15唉，那是客臣的井蛙之见，所谓“情人眼里出西施”啦。例16他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水，七上八下，老是宁静不下来。,Fe,TT,A-C,
