1、,定语从句高考考点例析 The best way you can get,The Attributive Clause,Complex sentence 复合句：,由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子 的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作 某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。,复合句 =,主句,+,定语从句,一个主谓结构是句子 的主要部分（主句）,另一个或一个以上的主谓结构 只在句子中作某个成分（定语）,The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.,主句主语,
2、从句主语,从句谓语结构,主句谓语结构,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词 或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句， 因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。,Attributive clause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词,关系 代词,关系 副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)， that(主语、宾语), whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语),where (地点状语),when (时间状语),why (原因状语),Attributive
3、 clause:,限制性定语从句 restrictive,非限制性定语从句non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,I was the only person who was invited. in my office,Jenny, with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.,The
4、man who came here yesterday has come again.,That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.,注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,关系代词：做句子成分 关系副词：不做句子成分五大基本句型： 主 谓(Vi) 主 谓(Vt) 宾 主 谓(Vt) 宾 宾 主 谓 (Vt) 宾 宾补 主 系 表,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,规律：缺成分
5、，用关系代词；不缺成分，用关系副词 that 人、物 主、宾 which 物 主、宾 who 人 主 whom 人 宾 whose 人、物 定语where 地点（具体和抽象）job field situation case等 when 时间 why 原因,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,Ill never forget the day I joined the league.,on which,时间状语,This is the house I lived two years ago.,where,地点
6、状语,Do you know the reason she was late.,for which,原因状语,关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。,when,in which,why,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house _ (they built in 1987) st
7、ayed up in the earthquake.,whichthat /,_,_,Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.,who whomthat/,_,_,My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out).,_,_,in which,when,The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.,A child whose parents are dead is called
8、Tom.,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1st is the day _ ( new China was founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,Whichthat,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,Whicht
9、hat,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,口诀,做主语，指物，用that，which 做主语，指人，用that，who 做宾语，指物，用that，who，不 做宾语，指人，用that，whom，不,考点二：that和which的选择,(1) 只用 that，不用which,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：a. All that can be done has been done.b. I am sure she has something (that)
10、 you can borrow.c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender., 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,考点二：that和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,This is the first composition (that) he has writt
11、en in English.,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find., 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.,先行词是疑问词who, which, wha
12、t 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,考点二：that和which的选择,Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me?, 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.China is no longer the c
13、ountry that it used to be.,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it,考点二：that和which的选择,（2）只用whi
14、ch的情况,B,B,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的 中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun . The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun . The earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all . The earth
15、turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young .,2.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, soas中，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.,3.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。,
16、He won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.The police were looking for him, as he thought.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.,4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been la
17、te again, as was expected.Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,5.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.,a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful. b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体
18、会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There
19、are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词w
20、hen, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for whic
21、h) he havent come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,思考？,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.,at which,The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.,about which,The pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be see
22、n in a museum.,with which,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where/in which,I will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.,on which/when,during which,The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语 时，才能用关系副词代替。,五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性
23、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如： Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA.,六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠,1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：,（1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _
24、we visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one,分析： 第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。 第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Ca
25、nada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,(去掉),the one,_,to,_,which,5. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,_,that,5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7. Who is the worker
26、who took some pictures of the factory.8. It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.,_,as,_,Whose,that,_,that,_,_,that,_,As,练习题,1、All_ is useful to us is
27、good.,A、which B、what C、that D、whether,C,2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.,A、where B、that C、which D、the one,D,3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、what C、which D、why,C,4、This is the school _ my fatherworked 20 years ago.,A、that B、when C、which D、where,D,5、This is the
28、 very factory_we visited last year.,A、that B、which C、what D、the one,A,6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.,A、that have B、that have been C、which has D、which has been,B,7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which,B,8、Le
29、t me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whom B、about whom C、about who D、whom,B,10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ stillhave a good relationship with him.,A、
30、that; it B、which; whom C、that; which D、which; that,C,11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who want C、what wants D、want,B,12、I，_ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am,D,13、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yest
31、erday.,A、that B、with which C、which D、without which,D,14、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.,A、that B、what C、which D、whether,C,15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A、by that B、what C、by which D、/,D,16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.,A、what B、which C、that D、
32、all,C,17、There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.,A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that,C,18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.,A、which B、that C、why D、what,C,19、This is the reason _ he told me.,A、that B、why C、on which D、for that,A,20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?,A、which B、that C、what D、as,B,
