1、第 23 讲 介词和数词介 词【名题实战】1_C_ the exam，well say goodbye to our dear teachers，classmates as well as our beautiful school.(2014，安徽)AIn BFor CAfter DThrough2Welcome to our hotel！I hope youll have a good time _B_ your stay here.(2012，安徽)Aafter Bduring Cwith Dsince3The man tried several times to start the ca
2、r，and he succeeded _B_(2012，安徽)Ain the past Bin the endCat first Dat once4I hear our teacher will be back _B_ three weeks time.(2011，安徽)Aat Bin Cfor Dafter5Look！There are so many people in the park.Nobody likes to stay at home _B_ Sunday morning.(2011，芜湖)Ain Bon Cat D to6What time do you expect me b
3、ack，Mum?Say，_C_ half an hour.(2010，安徽)Aat Bbefore Cin Dfor7I couldnt get through the door because there was a big box _D_( 2010，安徽)Aby the way Bon the wayCout of the way Din the way【考点梳理】近五年来，安徽中考试题对介词考查的频率较高，主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。学习重点应放在以下三点：1表时间，地点，方式等介词的用法；2介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用；3同义或近义介词辨析。高频考向一 表时间的介词at，i
4、n，on表示时间点用 at。如：at six oclock，at noon，at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用 in。如：in May，in winter，in the morning，in the afternoon 等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用 on。如：on Monday，on July 1st， on Sunday morning 等。since ，after由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但 since 词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时
5、连用。而 after 词组所表示的时段为过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。如：They have lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年，他们就住在这儿。After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。in，afterin 与将来时态连用时，表示“ 过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用 How soon。after 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如：He will be back in two months.他将在两个月后回来。He
6、returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。for，sincefor 可以指过去、现在或将来，着重说明“多久” ，后面接时间段。 since 意为“自从起” ，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since 引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作，since 引导从句时，主句的动作是持续性的。如：He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。Its five years since he left school.他毕业
7、五年了。【例 1】My friend，Susan，was born_September 12th，1999.(2014，孝感)Ain Bat Con D for解析：在具体的某一天应用介词 on。答案：_C_【例 2】 How long have you lived in the new flat?_ 2010.(2013，扬州)AIn BAfter CSince DBefore解析：表示“自从起”应用介词 since，后常接时间点或从句。答案：_C_【例 3】_he exam，well say goodbye to our dear teachers，classmates as well a
8、s our beautiful school.(2014，安徽)AIn BFor CAfter DThrough解析：由后半句“我们将和亲爱的老师、同学以及漂亮的学校说再见”可推断应是考试后。答案：_C_【例 4】Most of my classmates were born_June，1998.(2014，阜康)Ain Bon Cat D of解析：月份前面应用介词 in。答案：_A_高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词at，in，onat 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨
9、天他到达的上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前，他们到达了一个小村子。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。over， above，onover，on 和 above 都可表示“在上面” ，但具体含义不同。over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是 under。above 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是 below。on 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。如：There is a bridge over the river.河上
10、有座桥。We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。in，on，to从下图可以看出 in 表示“在某一范围之内 ，在中” ；on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，即“毗邻；接壤” ；to 则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如：Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部( 范 围内) ， 中国东面( 不接壤) ，东临太平洋(接
11、壤)。in front of ，in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面” ，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部” ，在某个范围以内。如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。across ，throughacross 表示从物体表面通过， 与 on 有关。through 表示通过一个空间，与 in 有关。如：The bo
12、y ran across the street.这个男孩跑过了街。They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。below，underbelow “在下” ，不一定在正下方。under “在正下方” 。如：There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。between，amongbetween 指两者之间。among 指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如：There is a map between the door and the window.门
13、和窗户之间有一张地图。He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。【例 5】 Its reported that President Xi Jinping arrived _ Moscow_March 22nd to pay a threeday visit to Russia.(2013，滨州)Aat；on Bin；on Cat；in Din ；in解析：句意：arrive at 后接小地点 ，arrive in 后接大地点；具体的某一天用介词 on。答案：_B_【例 6】 Mr.Greens office is _he 26th floor.You c
14、an take the lift there.(2014，重庆)Aat Bin Con D for解析：“在几楼”应用介词 on。答案：_C_【例 7】 Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)?Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _hem.(2013，东营)Ain Bamong Cbetween Dthrough解析：由语境可知句意为“是的，那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去” 。答案：_B_高频考向三 表示方式的介词 by，with，in，onby 表
15、示“以方式、方法或手段” ；with 表示“用工具” ；in 表示“用方式、语言、语调或颜色”等；on 则一般指用网络，电脑，电视，电话等。如：He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。How amazing！The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇！这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。Can you spell it in English？你会用英语把它拼出来吗？【例 8】 _ all his pocket money，Dan bought a pre
16、sent for his mother on Mothers Day.(2014，衢州 )AWith BFor CBy DIn解析：句意为“丹用他的所有零花钱在母亲节的时候给他的母亲买了一件礼物” ，只有 with 可以表达“用工具 ”。答案：_A_【例 9】 When I got into the room，Sue was talking _he phone.Awith Bon Cto Din解析：用电话在交谈，介词应用 on。答案：_B_高频考向四 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。1动词介词arrive in/at 到达as
17、k for 请 求do well in 在 方面做得好give up 放弃preferto 宁愿选择，更喜欢regardas 把 看做thanks to 幸亏，由于think about 考虑laugh at 嘲笑learn from 向 学习leave for 出发去某地talk to 与 谈话go in for 从事，致力于hear about 听说look at (有意识 地)看speak to 对 说send for 派人去叫 ，叫人去拿shout at 大声叫喊，吼叫worry about 为担心think of 考虑，关心2介词名词in time 及时on time 准时in fr
18、ont of 在 前面at home 在家in English 用英语at night 在晚上with a smile 带着微笑without breakfast 没吃早餐at first 首先at last 最后on ones way to 在某人去的路上at once 立刻，马上at the same time 同时by hand 用手，手工，亲手in trouble 处于困境in fact 事实上on duty 值日out of work 失业out of breath 上气不接下气on the left/right 在左/右边to ones surprise 令某人吃惊的是3介词与形容
19、词、过去分词和动词等搭配be born in 出生于 be good at 擅长be made of 由 制成be angry with sb.跟某人生气be angry at sth.为某事生气be pleased with sb.对某人感到 满意be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意be surprised at 对感到惊奇(诧异)be used to 习惯 于be tired of 讨厌 ，厌倦 be interested in 对感兴趣be proud of 以自豪(骄傲)be full of 充满be filled with 充满take (catch) hold
20、 of 抓住be sure of 确信take part in 参加break into(in) 闯入take care of 照顾，关心，保管be busy with 忙于be strict with sb.对某人严格要求catch up with 跟上，赶上have nothing to do with 与无关go to school 去上学keep out of 不让进入go to bed(sleep) 去睡觉look forward to 盼望，期待say hello to 向问好【例 10】 The teachers hope all of us can hand_our homew
21、ork _ime every day.(2013，黄石 )Aup；in Bout；on Con；in Din；on解析：考查固定短语 hand in 意为“上交” ；in time“及时” ，on time“准时” 。答案：_D_【例 11】 Whats your teacher like?She is always strict_us.(2013，广安)Ain Bwith Cto解析：be strict with 为固定搭配 ，意为“对严格要求 ”。答案：_B_【例 12】At last，he came up_a good idea to solve the problem.(2014，贺州
22、)Ain Bfor Cwith Dat解析：come up with 为固定搭配，意为“想出” 。答案：_C_一、单项选择。1How will you go there?_C_ foot.(2014，宁夏)AWith BBy COn DIn2Mothers Day is _A_ the second Sunday in May in the United States.(2014，长沙)Aon Bin Cat D of3Excuse me，Mr.Li，where is the Fishing Island?Let me show you on the map.Its _A_ the east
23、of China.(2014，北京)Ain Bon Cto Dof4Its kind_you _A_ help me with my English.(2014，安顺)Aof；to Bfor；to Cof ；for Dto ；to5A conversation _C_ a wise person is worth ten years study of books.(2014，河南)Afor Blike Cwith Dto6_D_ the development of economy，my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.(2014，毕节
24、)AIn BOn CBy DWith7We should remember to spend some time _D_ your loved ones，because theyre not going to be around forever.(2014，黔南)Afrom Bwith Cin Don8Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned _D_ hard work.(2014，平凉)Awith Bby Cfor Dwithout9When were you born?I was born _C_ a cold winter morni
25、ng in 1994.(2014，南充)Ain Bat Con D of10Some workers in that factory have to work _A_ night.(2014，嘉兴)Aat Bfor Cwith Damong11Uncle Tom lives_a farm _C_ the country.(2014，益阳)Ain；at Bnear；on Con；in Dat；near12The sweet smell of the flowers in the garden comes in _C_ the open window，making us feel in a goo
26、d mood (心情)(2014，哈尔滨)Aon Bwith Cthrough Din13How long have you stayed in this hotel?Not long，just _B _ this Monday.(2014，绵阳)Afrom Bsince Cfor Don14I sometimes help my mum with the housework _C _ Saturdays.(2014，北京)Aat Bin Con D to15What would you like_your afternoon tea?Just a cup of coffee _C_ some
27、 sugar and milk.(2014，呼和浩特)Aof；with Bof；withoutCfor； with Dfor；without数 词【名题实战】1About_of the earth _B_ covered with water，but we have less and less available fresh water.(2014，泰州)Athreefourth；is B threefourths ；isCthreefourth ；are Dthreefourths；are2We will have a _A_ holiday next month，lets have a t
28、rip to Mount Emei.Thats great.(2014，遂宁)Athreeday BthreedaysCthreedays Dthree days3I hear your pen pal is visiting Wuhan again.Is it the _B_ time for him？(2014，孝感)Yes， and he will come for a third time next spring.Afirst Bsecond Cthird Dfourth4The sinking accident in Korea happened_April 16，2014 and
29、_C_ people lost their lives.(2014，梅州)Ain；hundreds Bon；many hundredsCon；hundreds of Dat； many hundreds of【考点梳理】近五年来，安徽中考的单项选择没有涉及对数词的考查，但数词是语法中的一个重点。考生还是很有必要掌握这一知识点的。特别要注意以下四点：1基数词和序数词的用法；2日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法；3分数的表达；4hundred，thousand，million，billion 的用法。高频考向一 基数词1基数词的构成112 独立成词。one，two，three ，four，five，
30、six，seven，eight ，nine，ten，eleven ，twelve.1319 的基数词以teen 结尾。要注意 thirteen，fifteen，eighteen 的拼写。表示整“十”的基数词：2090 的基数词都以ty 结尾。其中特别要注意twenty，thirty ， forty，fifty ， ninety 的正确写法。2199 的写法是：十位数加个位数，中间用连字符号“”连接。如：26 twentysix；57 fiftyseven101999 的构成是：百位数与十位数之间用 and 连接。如：123 one hundred and twentythreehundred，
31、thousand，million，billion 等词在表示确定数目的时候，直接前面加基数词；表示不确定数目时，要在它们后面加 s，其后还要加 of。如：three hundred students 三百名学生thousands of students 成千上万的学生2基数词的用法表示数量的多少。表示年份。1988 读作 nineteen eightyeight表示时刻。7：00 读作 seven oclock8：30 读作 half past eight/eight thirty3：05 读作 five past three/three five5：48 读作 twelve to six/f
32、ive fortyeight表示顺序。单数名词基数词，名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如：Class Two，Room 12，No.3 Middle School注：“单数名词基数词”可转换成“the序数词单数名词” ，此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如：Lesson Three the third lesson“数词单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如：a threeyearold girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语，后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词单位名词形容词” ，表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如：ten years old ，36
33、00 meters long“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如：In his sixties，he rode a bike round the world.The light was invented in the 1870s.与 another，more 连用时， 表示在已有基础上再增加 定数量。如：another three hours，two more cakes【例 1】 Excuse me，sir.Heres a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?_A308 Room BRoom 308CThe Roo
34、m 308 DThe 308 Room解析：“几号房间”应用“Room房间号”表示。答案：_B_【例 2】 Lindas mother looks young，but actually she is in her _( 2013，恩施)Asixties BsixtiethCsixty years old Dsixty解析：表示某人约几十岁的时候，应用基数词的复数形式。答案：_A_高频考向二 序数词1序数词的构成序数词多数是由“基数词th ”构成。如：six sixth，seven seventh 等。以 y 结尾的整十的数字，先将 y 改为 i，再加eth 。如：fiftyfiftieth，s
35、eventy seventieth 等。21 以上的非整十的数字，将末位数(即个位数) 改为序数词 ，其他的位数仍用基数词。如：twentyonetwenty first，thirtytwothirtysecond，two hundred and ninetyeighttwo hundred and ninetyeighth 等。少数的序数词属于特殊情况，而且这类词也常常是考点，大家要特别注意记忆。如：onefirst ，two second ，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，twelvetwelfth注：fourteenth( 第十四)，fortieth(第
36、四十)，ninth(第九) ，nineteenth(第十九)，ninetieth(第九十)2序数词的用法表示顺序。序数词表顺序时，其前须用定冠词 the，后接单数名词。如：Im the first one to arrive here.注：如序数词前出现人称代词，则不加 the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时，则关系代词只能用 that。如：Today is my thirtieth birthday.用于最高级前。如：John is the second tallest boy in our class.分数。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为 1，分母用单数，分子大于 1，分母用复数。如：
37、one fifth，three fifths些习惯用法：1/4 也可表示为 a quarter，3/4 也可表示为 three quarters，1/2 也可表示为 a half带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如：Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。表示数量上再增加“一” ，用：a(an)序数词单数名词。如：She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。【例 3】Please turn to Page
38、_and read the_story.(2014，兰州)ATen ；two BTen；secondCTenth；second DTenth；two解析：Page基数词，表示第几页，且基数词首字母要大写；the序数词story，表示第几个故事。答案：_B_【例 4】 It is the boys_birthday today.He is five years old now.(2013，成都)Afifteen Bfifth Cthe fifth解析：表达某人的第几个生日应用序数词，且前面不能用定冠词。答案：_B_高频考向三 数词中的难点hundred，thousand，million，bill
39、ion 的运用。在构成具体的数字时，用单数形式。如：two hundred students，表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如： thousands of students(成千上万的学生) 。与 another，more 连用时， 表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如： another three hours 或 three more hours。“一两天”可表达为：a day or two 或 one or two days有关“半”的表达：three years and a half 或 three and a half years 三年半；half an hour半小时；one hour
40、and a half/one and a half hours 一个半小时。【例 5】_ fans would like to go to Brazil to watch the World Cup.(2014，龙东)AMillion of BMillions ofCMillions解析：millions of 为固定搭配，意为“数百万的” 。答案：_B_一、单项选择。1On June 2nd this year，_A_ people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival near the Songhua River.To our joy，there was
41、little rubbish left.(2014，哈尔滨)Athousands of BthousandCtwo thousands Dthousands2Which month of the year do you like?July，the _B_ month，because summer vacation begins in this month.(2014，成都)Asecond Bseventh Cninth3Which is the biggest number of the four?_B_(2014，黔西南)AOne third BTwo thirdsCA half DA qu
42、arter4We have sixty students in our class._B_ of them are boys.How many girls are there，do you know?There are twenty girls.(2014，襄阳)AOne third BTwo thirdsCOne quarter DA half5About _B_ of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class.(2014，安顺)Atwo fifth Btwo fifthsCsecond five Dtwo five6
43、How long is the bridge?Its _C_ (2013，兰州)A300meterlong B300meters longC300 meters long D300meterslong7Today is the boys _C_ birthday.He is 12 years old.(2014，南充)Atwelve B twelvethCtwelfth Dthe twelfth8David Beckham has_children.Brooklyn Beckham is his _C_ son.(2014，宜宾)Athird；first Bthree；oneCthree；fi
44、rst Dthird；one二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。9December is the _twelfth_ (十二) month of a year.(2013，日照)10October is the _tenth _ month in a year.(2013，淄博)11There are _thirty_ days in April as well as in June and in September.(2013，杭州)12Jims parents will celebrate their _forty_ (四十 ) years of marriage this Sundays.(2013，扬州)13Its said the game Angry Birds has been downloaded _millions_ (百万) of times.(2013，连 云港)
