1、,Non-predicate verbs,非谓语动词,There are many sleeping students in class.,（表语）,（定语）,Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.,The students feel the lesson boring.,The lesson is boring.,（宾补）,（状语）,功 能,表语,定语,宾语补足语,状语,时态和语态,1. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 2. Having finished their
2、 work, they had a rest. 3. The large building being built is a library. 4. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.,（一般式）,（完成式）,（被动语态）,（被动完成式）,一、V ing used as predicative,-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，现在分词作表语,相当于形容词,表示主语的性质,小提示：动名词和现在分词可用very来鉴别:在v-ing前加上very句意说得通的是现在分词,说不通的是动名词.,二、 V-ing us
3、ed as attribute:,翻译： 1.令人信服的证据 2.经营这个工厂的老板3.正在讨论的问题 4.即将在会上讨论的问题5.已经讨论的问题,the convincing envidence,the problem being discussed,the problem to be discussed at the meeting,the problem discussed,the boss running the factory,三、 V-ing used as ObjectComplement:,V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：,表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有 see, h
4、ear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。,2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave，等,特殊的两个区别： 1).现在分词作宾补与不定式做宾补的区别。现在分词：动作正在进行。不定式： 动作的全过程。试比较：1. I heard her singing a song just now.(正在进行的动作)2. I heard her sing a song just now.(听见全过程),1.He left the fire _(burn) all ni
5、ght. 2.The student was caught _(cheat) in the exam.,burning,cheating,He was often heard_(sing)the English songs. 4.He was heard _(sing) the Englishsong when I passed by A. sing B. to sing C. singing D.sung,C,B,with+宾语+to do With+宾语+done With+宾语+doing1.With so many difficult problems _(solve),he coul
6、d travel with his wife. 2.With so many difficult problems _(solve),he couldnt travel with his wife. 3.With the man _ (solve) so many difficult problems,he could travel with his wife. 4.He had to come back home with his money_/_(用光）,solved,to solve,sloving,running out,run out of,used up,四、 V-ing used
7、 as an adverb:,V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、结果、条件、伴随 、让步等状语。,动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。,Tip,1.Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying 2.Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with him 3.Working hard, you will succeed. 4.The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. 5.They c
8、ame into the classroom, singing and laughing. 6.Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.,时间状语,原因状语,条件状语,结果状语,伴随状语,让步状语,1._(observe) the problem for many years ,he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.=,_ years,he announced th
9、at we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time. 2.,Having observed,After he had observed the problem for many ,_(criticize)by the teacher, he gave up smoking. = 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了,Having been criticized,After he had been criticized,_by the teacher, he gave up smoking,完成式,分词所表示的动作发生在句中
10、谓语动词所表示的动 作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做 定语用。,_ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,非谓语动词的否定式为not+非谓语动词,现在分词的否定形式not + 现在分词（完成的否定式not 放在having之前）,Not knowing how to do it,he went to her for help.,Not ha
11、ving heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.,一些独立结构： 1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school. 2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody. 3. _(consider)the distance, he arrived very quickly 4. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.,spe
12、aking,Judging,To tell,Considering,The test , we began our holiday. A finish B finished C to finish D finishing,独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词与后面的分词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。,1._ the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross, and you will have a nice strong kite. A. To tie
13、 B. Tying C. Tied D. Tie 2._, but he still can not understand it. A. Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many times,练一练,小试牛刀,1._ extremely exhausted, I turned to look at the puppy that _ at the door. A. Felt, lied B. Feeling, lay C
14、. Fell, lied D. To feel, lain,2.I would like to make friends with any person who is comfortable _ Ato talk to Bto be talked to Cto talk Dto be talked,3.What should you do if you have problems with your life? . ATo find a friend to talk BFind a friend to talk to CFinding a friend to talk to DFound a
15、friend to talk,4.A big company was built in our city in 2011, _ a lot of job opportunities for the unemployed Ato create Bcreated Ccreating Dhaving created,5.The silence of the library is sometimes broken by a sudden cough or the sound of pages _. A. turning B. turned C. being turned D. having turne
16、d,6._on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _back to two hundred years ago. AStanding; dating BTo stand；to date CHaving stood；dating DStand; dated,7._the theory，the scientists asked more than sixty college students to take part in the experiment. ABeing tested BTo test CTesting DTested,8.The
17、 examination results _ in the speech of our headmaster delighted all of us. Arefer to Breferring to Cwas referred to Dreferred to,9. When we visited my old family home, memory came _ back. A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded,10.（江苏卷）To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear
18、 English _ as much as we can.A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak,The driver _ for the accident had not been driving carefully. Ablamed Bbeing blamed Cto be blamed Dblaming,当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。When we returned to the school, we _at the entrance. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 I _on the ground. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night.,found a stranger standing,found a bag lying,kept/had the workers working,
