1、M4 Unit 1 Grammar and Usage1,Direct speech andreported speech,Leading-in:,What are you going to do this summer holiday, Tom asked Ann.,1).What did Tom ask Ann?,Tom asked Ann what she wasgoing to that summer holiday.,Leading-in:,I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents. said Ann.,2).What did A
2、nn say?,Ann said that she was going to travel toBeijing with her parents. zxxk,Definition: Direct & Reported /Indirect:,What are direct speech and reported speech? Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech is to report the meaning of what has been said without using
3、 exact words.,2.Ways to change direct speech into reported speech,By using an object clause or an infinitive phrases.,He said, Im used to such embarrassing comments. He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.,By using an object clause,We must not give up in the face of pressure! she sai
4、d. She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.,By using an infinitive phrases,Besides the major changes in sentence structure, there are also changes in:Personal pronouns TensesAdverbials of time and placeOther cases z.xxk,Other changes in: 1.Personal pronouns,She said ,I did some rese
5、arch.,She said that she had done some research.,Other changes in: Personal pronouns,She said , The trick is very clever.,She said that the trick was some research.,2.How to change the tenses:,Read P8,Tom said, I am working here today.,Tom said he was working there that day.,3.Adverbials of time and
6、place,Read P8,3.Adverbials of time and place,now/then this evening/that evening yesterday morning the morning before,Tips:,Light travels at a great speed, said the teacher.The teacher said that light travels at a great speed.,My teacher told me that practice makes perfect.The teacher said that light
7、 travels faster than sound. We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesnt change over time.,Exercises in class P9,Keys: Page 9. Answers: 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _,was,would be,had read,that,would,had thought,that,would,those,her,M4U1Grammar and Us
8、ageReported speech(II),Reporting statements：,Use noun clauses introduces by that to report statements. Say and Tell are common reporting verbs.,Other reporting verbs: advise promise agree suggest explain warn Insist remind announce,There are two main types of advertisements, the writer said to us.Th
9、e writer told us that there were two main types of advertisements.,Read Note 1, page 10,Reporting Questions：,1.Use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report Yes/No questions.,Are all advertisements playing tricks on us? I asked her. I asked her whether/if all advertisements were playing tricks
10、 on us.,The teacher asked Tom, Whats the matter? The teacher asked Tom what was the matter.,Read Note 2, page 10,2.Use noun clauses introduced by WH-words to report WH-questions.,Imperative sentences. Use the structure: reporting verb + object + (not) to-infinitive to report imperative sentences. As
11、k and tell are common reporting words. ask/tell sb. to do sth.ask/tell sb. not to do sth,advise/ encourage invite / remind sb. to do sthwarn /recommend sb. not to do sth.request/orderoffer/promisecommand,Read Note 3, page 10,Dont touch anything in the lab without permission. said the teacher. The te
12、acher told us not to touch anything in the lab without permission.,Turn down the radio please, Tom. Jen said. Jen asked Tom to turn down the radio.,Conclusion,1. 如果直接引语是一个陈述句，变成间接引语时用that引导，有时也可省略。 e.g. She said, Father, the boy is very naughty now.She told her father (that) the boy was very naughty
13、 then.,2. 如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 e.g. Light travels much faster than sound, she said to me yesterday.She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.,3. 如果直接引语中有明确表示过去的时间 状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时 不必变为过去完成时。 e.g. He said, The great inventor was born in 1884.He told me that the great
14、inventor was born in 1884.,4. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时用whether/if 引导，且用陈述句语序。 e.g. She asked me, Are you the happiest person in your family?She asked me whether/if I was the happiest person in my family.,5. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用该特殊疑问词，用陈述句语序。 e.g. She asked me, When will the advertisements be on air?S
15、he asked me when the advertisements would be on air.,6. 转述祈使句时，我们使用该结构: 转述动词(ask/ tell/ order/ advise/ remind/ warn/ insist/ suggest/ invite/ encourage ) + 宾语+ (not) to do e.g. Go and see a doctor after class, my teacher said to me. My teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.,Answers,P
16、11 2. Wang Qin _ 3. Lu Kai _.,4. Liu Fang _. 5. Gu Jin _,asked whether/if it was easy to use,Exercises in class,Part B, P11,Reference Exercises for you!,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. My classmate asked me _. A. had I seen the film three days ago B. had I seen the film three days before C. if I had seen the fil
17、m three days ago D. whether I had seen the film three days before,2. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the matter was C. what is the matter D. what was the matter 3. My friend really didnt know _ to help the dying boy. A. what he could do B. how could he do C. whether he can do D.
18、 what can he did,4. Shelly asked Andy _ water the flowers while she was away. A. didnt forget to B. dont forget to C. not to forget to D. not forget to 5. She exclaimed (惊呼) _. A. what a difficult task it was B. what it was a difficult task C. what difficult task it was D. what task it was difficult
19、,将下列直接引语改为间接引语。 Mother said to her little daughter, The earth is not flat but round. Mother told her little daughter (that) the earth is not flat but round.,2. He asked, How are you getting along with your studies these days, Mary and Jane?He asked Mary and Jane how they were getting along with thei
20、r studies those days.,3. “Alice, you feed the baby!” Mother said.Mother asked Alice to feed the baby. 4. “Lets have a rest,” our teacher said.Our teacher suggested (that) we have a rest. 5. “Dont make this kind of foolish mistake again,” she said to me.She told / warned me not to make that kind of foolish mistake again.,Homework:,1.P92.C1 2.English Weekly.,Homework:,1.To do Part C2 on page 92 in workbook. 2.To preview the task. 3.English weekly,
