1、Unit 1 School,Grammar and usage,定语从句,Harry Potter,a boy with glasses,a boy who is brave and wearing glasses,a brave boy,attributive (用来修饰名词的成分),1. 定义：,又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。,2. 先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。,3. 关系词：,引导定语从句的词。,定语从句 (Attributive Clauses),The man who is shaking hands with my father is a pol
2、iceman.,先行词,定语从句,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,which, that, who, whom, whose,when, where, why,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,在定语从句中作状语,Relative pronouns,Relative adverbs,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。,关系词通常有下列三个作用 A.引导定语从句 B.代替先行词 C.在定语从句中担当一个成分,作主语 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy has
3、 a round face.The boy who has a round face is Tom.,Exercise:,作宾语 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man who everyone likes is kind. The woman got the job. We saw her in the street.The woman whom we saw in the street got the job.,作表语Jack is no longer a lazy boy. He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is
4、 no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 作定语 She has a brother. I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.,作状语 The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school. The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.,Read the passage on P9 and underline the attributive clauses
5、you find. Translate the sentences into Chinese.,David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had.In 2004, he went to Oxford University where he became interested in Chinese culture.Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.,4. Most of the st
6、udents whom he taught have become his friends. 5. Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students. 6. The paintings that David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room.,关系代词的用法,which that who whom whose,which,Football is a game which is liked by mos
7、t boys.,He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.,1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或 宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,which,This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.,The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,that,2. that指人时，相当于who或whom； 指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中 作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,The se
8、ason that/which comes after spring is summer.,Yesterday I received a letter that /which came from Australia.,that,Where is the man (that/ whom) I saw this morning?, The person (that / whom) you introduced to me is very kind.,who,3. who指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语 可省略）,The boys who are playing football are from Cla
9、ss One.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom,4. whom指人，作宾语（作宾语可省 略，如介词提前则不能省）,The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,whose,5. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后 面的名词为所属关系。 whose可指人， 也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换 使用。,He has a friend whose father is a doctor.,The classroom
10、 whose door is broken will soon be repaired.,The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.,Do you like the book whose cover is red?,Do you like the book the cover of which is red?,whose,whose,Do you know the girl in our class? Her hair is very short.,Do you know the girl whose hai
11、r is very short in our class?,He is the student. I broke his pencil yesterday.,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,定语从句中的关系代词,备注,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可 以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that 而不用which。,1. 当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, some, everything, anything, nothing, nobody, none等时。,Have you taken do
12、wn everything that Mr. Li said?,There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.,2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰时。,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。,This
13、 is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.,This is the second time (that) I am in Beijing.,4. 先行词是who或which引导的主句。,Who is the girl that drove the car?,Who that broke the window will be punished?,Which is the T-shirt that fits memost?,5. 当先行词既有人又有物。,They talk
14、ed about the persons and things that they remembered at school.,Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.,6. 当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时。,They are no longer the men that they used to be.,练习,1. This is all _ I know about the matter.,A. that B. what C. who D. whether,A,练习,2. Is there anythin
15、g else _ you require?,A. which B. that C. who D. what,B,练习,3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.,A. which B. that C. where D. it,B,练习,4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school.,A. which B. that C. it D. whom,B,练习,5. There is no dictionary _ you
16、can find everything.,A. that B. which C. where D. in that,A,练习,6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?,A. that B. / C. which D. it,A,练习,7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you?,A. that B. which C. where D. it,A,在下列情况下, 一般只用which而不用that。,(1) 非限制性定语从句中。 This novel, which I have read three
17、 times, is very touching. (2) 关系代词前有介词时。 This is the house of which the windows face south. Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born. (3) 先行词本身是that, those且指物时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? (4) 一个句子中有两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。,练习,1. Jim passed the driving
18、test, _ surprised everybody in the office.,A. which B. that C. this D. it,A,练习,2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.,A. on which B. that C. which D. this,A,定语从句中的主谓一致 Michael Jackson is one of the heroes who affect me deeply. Michael Jackson is the only one of the heroes who affects me deeply.,
