1、必修三,Unit 4 Earthquakes,第 一 部 分,主 干 知 识,.单词分类巧记 A阅读词汇认一认 1canal n_ 2shelter n_ 3farmyard n_ 4outline n_ 5headline n_,运河；水道,掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处,农场；农家,要点；大纲；轮廓,报刊的大字标题,B高频词汇写一写 1_n灾难；灾祸 2_n& vt.救援；营救 3_vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 4_vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 5_n& vt.损失；损害 6_vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发 7_n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产 8_vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境 9_n裁判员；法官 vt.
2、断定；判断；判决 10_vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊,disaster rescue bury destroy damage burst ruin trap judge shock,suffer,suffering,extreme,extremely,congratulate,congratulation,survive,survivor,sincere,sincerely,injure,injury,injured,7_n& v使用_adj.无用的；无益的；无效的_ adj.有用的 8_vt.使惊吓；吓唬_adj.令人恐惧的_adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 9_vt.表示；
3、表达 n快车；快递_n表示；表达；表情 10_n民族；国家；国民_adj.国家的；民族的_n国籍；民族,use,useless,useful,frighten,frightening,frightened,express,expression,nation,national,nationality,D写作词汇用一用 1A lot of_parks lie in the areas inhabited by minority_ people.(nation) 2The satisfied_on his face_his satisfaction with the boys performance
4、.(express) 3The girl was almost_to death when she saw the_ scene.(frighten),national,nationality,expression,expressed,frightened,frightening,4In the terrible crash of school bus, many children were_， and even some suffered severe_to the head and arms.The_were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)
5、5_！ I am certain you will meet with much success at your new position and I look forward to_you in person.(congratulate),injured,injuries,injured,Congratulations,congratulating,.短语语境速记 A常考短语默写 1结束；终结_ 2.刮走；吹走_ 3代替_ 4.掘出；发现_ 5许多；大量_ 6倒塌_ 7立刻；马上_ 8毁坏；成为废墟_ 9陷入/陷在下面_,at an end,blow away,instead of.,dig
6、 out,a great number of,fall down,right away(at once/in no time/immediately),in ruins,be trapped in,10带来；引进_ 11以而自豪_ 12因为/作为出名_ 13像往常一样_ 14好像_ 15突然大笑/大哭_ 16祝贺/恭喜_ 17轻视；不重视_ _ 18睡醒；醒来_ 19因为感到自豪_ 20之后不久_,bring in,take pride in,be known for/as(be famous/noted for/as),as usual,as if,burst into laughter/t
7、ears或burst out laughing/crying,congratulations on sth.(注意与on搭配),think little of(表“重视”的短语有think highly of/pay much,attention to/attach great importance to等),wake up,be proud of.,not long after.(soon/shortly after .),B短语语境填空 1The whole country lay_after the war. 2A trustworthy third party must step in
8、 and_the truth for the public. 3I_the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 4_his look, he doesnt think much of our plan. 5My holiday is_and I must go back to work tomorrow. 6We need an immediate reply. I see.Ill send the paper to you_.,in ruins,dig out,was trapped in,Judging from,at an end,rig
9、ht away,7When I came in, he_playing computer games in his study. 8Deeply moved, we_having such a responsible teacher. 9It is reported that_people were injured in that accident and the number of people who died has reached 130. 10I didnt persuade them to do the experiment in that way；you know, they _
10、my suggestion.,was buried in,were proud of,a (great) number of,thought little/nothing of,.词语高效积累 1“自然灾害”相关单词一览 disaster n灾难；不幸 earthquake n地震 drought n旱灾；干旱 eruption n(火山)喷发 hurricane n飓风 tsunami n海啸 2“less”后缀的形容词归纳 useless 无用的 helpless 无助的 homeless 无家可归的 harmless 无害的 jobless 失业的 endless 无尽的,4“AAA”式
11、不规则动词变化 burst burst burst 爆裂，爆发 cost cost cost 花费 put put put 放下 hurt hurt hurt 伤害 shut shut shut 关闭 upset upset upset 使不安；使心烦 cast cast cast 投；掷 5含有复数名词的短语 in ruins 破败不堪 in rags 衣衫褴褛 in high/low spirits 情绪高涨/低落,.佳句填空完形 1But the one million people of the city, _ thought little of these events, were
12、asleep _ that night. 但是唐山市的100万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。 2Everywhere they looked nearly everything _(destroy) 人们无论朝哪里看，一切都几乎被毁坏了。 3People began to wonder how long the disaster _(last) 人们开始纳闷儿，这场灾难还会持续多久。,who,as usual,was destroyed,would last,4It seemed as if the world was _. 似乎世界末日来临了。 5_ hope was n
13、ot lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 6I asked a man _(stand)next to me _. 我问站在我旁边的一个人出了什么事。,at an end,All,standing,what happened,.语法过关演练 1Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 解析：句意：快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。分析句子成分可知，“_ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定
14、语从句，修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导。 2Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone _ functions are more practical. 解析：考查定语从句。先行词a smart mobile phone与从句中functions构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。,who,whose,3“God，please dont let anything happen today _ I cant handle.”This was my daily prayer during my fi
15、rst year of teaching. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：上帝，今天请不要发生任何我无法处理的事情，这是我第一年教学时每天要祈祷的。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词为不定代词anything。故用that不用which。,that,4What does the notice say? All the storytellers should meet at the same hall _ won the first three prizes. 解析：根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句“_ won the first three prizes”缺少主语
16、，先行词“All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that，且不能省略。 5The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 解析：分析句子结构可知，“_almost all tourists would like to visit”为定语从句，修饰先行词the place，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语，故填which或that。,who/that,which/that,考 点 探 究,1burst(burst，b
17、urst) v(使)爆裂；突发 n突发；爆裂 归纳拓展 (1)burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into 突然爆发；闯入 (2)burst into laughterburst out laughing 放声大笑 burst into tearsburst out crying 放声大哭 burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支 (3)a burst of.一阵,高 频 单 词,巧学助记 burst的多层含义,即时应用 (1)完成句子。 Pumped into too much air, the tyre of the bicycle _. 被打入了太多的空气，
18、车胎突然爆开了。 All the viewers _ with excitement as the Chinese team won the game. 中国队赢了，所有的观众激动地放声尖叫。 My English teachers humor was such as to make every student _ _. 我的英语老师的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每个同学都哈哈大笑起来。,suddenly burst,burst out screaming,burst into,laughter/burst out laughing,(2)用burst的相关词语完成下列小片段。 随着一阵笑声，
19、王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。 With _ laughter, Wang Xifeng _ the room, whose flattering(谄媚的) words made Mrs.Jia _.,a burst of,burst into,burst with joy,2.injure vt.伤害；使受伤；损害 归纳拓展 (1)injure sb.伤害某人 injure sb.s leg/arm/eye/knee伤害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛/膝盖 injure sb.s reputation/figure/feelings, etc.损害某人的名誉/形象/伤害
20、某人的感情等 be/get seriously/slightly injured 受重/轻伤 (2)injured adj.受伤的 the injured伤员；伤者 (3)injury n伤；伤口；伤害,易混辨析 injure/wound/hurt/harm,巧学助记,即时应用 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子或用所给词的适当形式填空。 He _(伤了他的手和膝盖) last week. Though _(injure) in the leg, the soldier fought to the end. He suffered serious _(injure) to the arms an
21、d shoulders. The _(injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins.,injured his hands and knees,injured,injuries,injured,3rescue n营救，救援；救援行动 vt.营救；救援 归纳拓展 (1)rescue .from .从中抢救或营救 (2)rescue work/workers 救援工作/救援人员 go/come to ones rescue 援救或帮助某人,即时应用 完成句子。 She _ from a burning building. 她被从着火的大楼里救了出来
22、。 A boy fell into the river and a lot of people _. 一个男孩掉进了河里，许多人来救他。,was/got rescued,came to his rescue,4.judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判决；判断 归纳拓展 (1)judge sb./sth.by/from 以判断 judging from/by 从判断 (常作插入语使用) judge sb./sth.(to be) good/bad/fair, etc.认定某人(某事)好/坏/公平等 as far as sb.can judge 据某人判断 (2)judgment n判断,温馨
23、提示 judging from/by.置于句首作状语。v.ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；considering.考虑到。,即时应用 完成句子。 _， we know that he is from Sichuan. 从他的口音判断，我们知道他来自四川。 As the famous saying goes, _ judge _. 正如谚语所言，不要以貌取人 _， Im afraid you are quite wrong. 据我判断，你完全错了。,Judging from/b
24、y his accent,dont/never,a book by its cover,As far as I can judge,5.ruin vt.毁坏，破坏；使破产(或失去地位等) n毁坏；破产；废墟 归纳拓展 (1)in ruins 严重破坏；破败不堪 fall into ruins 成为废墟 bring sth./sb.to ruin 使毁灭；使落空；使某人破产 (2)ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉,即时应用 完成句子。 A strong hurricane swept through this ancient city, _ _ and a grea
25、t number of people homeless. 强大的飓风横扫了这座古城，使整个城市成为废墟，很多人无家可归。 People built shelters _ the city. 人们在城市的废墟中建立了庇护所。,leaving the whole city,in ruins,among the ruins of,6.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入 归纳拓展 (1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于 be buried/lost in thought 沉思 (2)bury oneself in study埋头研究；专心学习 bury ones fa
26、ce in ones hands 双手掩面,即时应用 (1)完成句子。 The paper _ under a pile of books. 那份文件被埋在书堆里了。 He has learned to _. 他学会了掩饰内心的情感。,As he buried himself in,As he was buried in,Buried in,was buried,bury his feelings,7.shelter nU掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护；栖身地 vi.躲避 vt.提供庇护所 归纳拓展 take shelter from躲避 under the shelter of在的庇护下；受的保护 a b
27、us shelter公共汽车亭 give sb.shelter庇护某人 shelter sb./sth.from.庇护某人/某物免受,即时应用 完成句子。 We _ the rain in a bus stop.It was a good _ here. 我们在一个公共汽车站里避雨，这儿是一个很好的庇护场所。 Each Lampbrella would offer enough _ for several people. 每个路灯伞都会为几个人提供足够的遮蔽。,took shelter from,shelter,shelter,1think little of 轻视；不重视 归纳拓展 (1)t
28、hink highly/well/much of .对评价高/印象好 think nothing of .觉得不怎么样，没什么了不起 think badly/poorly/ill of .对评价低 (2)speak highly/well of.高度赞扬 speak ill of.说的坏话 sing high praise for.高度赞扬,重 点 短 语,即时应用 完成句子。 He _ his future during his childhood. 儿时，他很少思考自己的未来。 We should _him, because he always puts others interest f
29、irst. 我们应该高度赞扬他，因为他总把别人的利益放在首位。,thought little of,think highly/well/much of,2.at an end 终了；结束 归纳拓展 (1)bring .to an end 使终止 come to an end 结束 put an end to.使终止 make both ends meet 量入为出 at the end of 在末端，在结束时 by the end of 到末为止 in the end 最后，最终 There is no end to .没有止境/尽头 (2)end up (with) 以结束/告终,温馨提示
30、at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用：by the end of过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。,即时应用 (1)用end的相关短语完成下列小片段。 _ (在末端) the meeting, the general manager said in a loud voice, “Weve tried hard to solve the financial problem, and _(最终) weve su
31、cceeded.So _(到结束时) next week, the bad situation will have _(结束) and everything will be all right.”,At the end of,in the end,by the end of,come to an end,(2)单句语法填空。 The meeting was nearly_an end when I got to the meeting room. Policemen were called out to put an end_the disorder in the streets. By th
32、e end of last term we_(learn)five English songs.,at,to,had learnt/learned,温馨提示 (1)“a large number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数； (2)“large quantities/amounts of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,即时应用 (1)根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。 _(许多) people lost their precious lives in the terrible disaster. Based o
33、n the statistics, _(交通事故的数量) this year reduces by 20%. With more and more forests being destroyed, large quantities of good soil _(流失) every year. (2)单句语法填空。The number of people invited to the party _ (be) 100, but a number of them _(be) absent for different reasons.,A large number of,the number of
34、car accidents,are being washed away,is/was,are/were,1In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家大院里，鸡甚至是猪都紧张得不想进食。 tooadj./adv.(for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)太不能,重 点 句 型,归纳拓展 too.to本意“太而不能”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况下表示肯定意义： 当too前面有副词far，much，but，only修饰，此结构没有否定意义，而表示肯定。 too后面的形容词表示心情
35、或描绘性形容词的时候，如happy，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted，anxious，eager，kind，good等，表示肯定意义。例如：He is only too delighted to accept your invitation.他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。 too.to.中的too前面有never，cant等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。 cant.too/enough.表示“无论也不为过”。,即时应用 (1)根据括号内汉语提示完成句子。 You _(千万要当心) to cross the street. She is too short _(
36、够不着书架上的书) Tom is _(非常乐于助人),can not/never be too careful,to reach the books on the shelf,(much) too ready to help others,(2)翻译句子。 One is never too late to learn. _ (2016全国卷)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our o
37、wn. _,活到老学到老。,在20世纪60年代，我们都有些狂野，为了证明我们能够独立，我们觉得离家越远越好，离家越快越好。,2.It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界好像到了末日。 It seems/looks as if .似乎/好像 as if引导表语从句。 归纳拓展,即时应用 单句语法填空。 Dont handle the vase as if it _(be) made of steel. The man I followed suddenly stopped as if _(see) if he was going in the rig
38、ht direction. Look! Dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if it _(be) going to rain. They were waving to us as if _(say) goodbye.,were,to see,is,saying,3All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all.not.not all.，意为“并非所有的都”。 温馨提示 (1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等
39、具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。 (2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。,即时应用 (1)完成句子。 All the students did not go to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”_ went to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree” 并非所有的学生都去看电影山楂树之恋了。 Every boy is not interested in sports._ is interested in sports. 并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。 _ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。,Not all the students,Not every boy,Nothing,(2)句型转换。 _ my friends do _ study well. _(变为同义句) _(变为完全否定句),All,not,Not all of my friends study well,None of my friends study well,
