1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式* 1Session 12n语体与语域语体（ Style/Linguistic Style）n “同一语言品种 (标准语、方言、社会方言等 )使用者在不同的场合中典型地使用该语言品种的变体。 ”n (程雨民 , 英语语体学 ， 1989) 语域（ Register）n A style associated with a language communication occasion; it is a form of language used in a specific language environment and taking certa
2、in features.情景因素 (Ghadessy, 1993) n 1）话语范围 (field of discourse)n nature, content and functions of communicationn 2）话语方式 (mode of discourse)n internal organization, cohesion and coherence of discoursen 3）话语基调 (tenor of discourse)n permanent or temporary relations between the speakers语言功能 (Halliday, 1
3、985)n 1） 语意功能 (ideational function) n organises people, things, behaviour, incidents, conditions, etc.n 2） 人际功能 ( interpersonal function ) n establishes social relations, eg. titles, modesn 3） 篇章功能 (textual function) n forms coherent written or oral paragraphs that match a certain occasion变体（ Variet
4、ies）n 1 Regional Varieties (地域变体，指按地域划分的同一种语言的方言形式 )；n 2 Social Varieties (社会变体，指由于使用人群不同而出现的术语、行话等形式 )；n 3 Written Varieties (书面变体，指根据场合不同而表现出来的口语和书面语形式 )；n 4 Stylistic Varieties (风格变体，指由于语域差异而区分的不同风格语体，如公文、科技、法律等 )。Varieties Make Things Complexn 讲起 今时今日 香港商业的表现， 确是 不尽如人意。 好像 我们这些饮食生意， 都 是 好难做 的。没办
5、法啦， 世道艰难 ，现在香港人个个都过得比较 辛苦 ， 冇 钱都是去 茶餐厅 吃，好少 帮衬我们这些大酒楼。不过我对香港还是 好有 信心的。真正热爱香港的香港人绝对不会希望 唱衰香 港。 返观 特区政府，其实都 俾足心机 重振香港经济。中央政府对我们也非常关心， 好像自由行 啦， CEPA啦，都刺激了香港的商业。现在 好多 来酒楼吃饭的都是 大陆客 ，我 都好想 他们多点来香港 走动 ，帮我们把生意 做大做旺 。 Varieties Make Things Complexn Indonesia China bilateral trade has experienced a moderate d
6、eficit between the year of 2000 and 2001, while it has rebounced in the year of 2002 with growth recorded at 17.5% from 2001 to 2002. In 2002, although the balance of trade of Indonesia and China is in favour of Indonesia, but its changes shows a negative trend. Indonesian main non-oil and gas expor
7、t to China are pulp and vegetable oil, meanwhile Chinas main non-oil and gas export to Indonesia are corn, chemicals and fruits. By looking at a glance to our export and import activities, we should discuss other opportunities that could be benefited both countries. It is our obligation to find a wa
8、y to increase trade and develop better cooperation in all sectors for the better future of our nations. Functions of style/register in interpretation:n 1) It helps the interpreter anticipate coming discoursen 2) It confines the interpreter in organising his/her own discourseExamples Analysisn 非常感谢您能
9、邀请敝人参加这次招待会 , 敝人的确过得愉快。n It was extremely gracious of you to have invited me to the reception, and I had bags of fun there .n 现在，请举杯，为我们的成功合作和双方长期的友谊，干杯！n Now allow me to propose a toast to our successful cooperation and to our long-standing friendship, bottoms up! n 坚持一个中国的原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提。中国的主权和领土决
10、不容许分割。n Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification. Chinas sovereignty and territory must never be allowed to suffer division.n 在 这 里，我愿重申：中国将 坚 定不移地高 举 和平、 发 展、合作的旗 帜 ，走和平 发 展道路。中国将始 终 不渝地把自身的 发 展与人 类 共同 进 步 联 系在一起。n I wish to reiterate here that Chi
11、na will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development and cooperation, unswervingly follow the road of peaceful development. We will, and always, integrate our development with the common progress of mankind. Five Linguistic Styles:n 庄严 (frozen)n 正式 (formal)n 商议 (consultative)n 随意 (casual)n
12、 亲密 (intimate)Examples Analysisn The defendant wishes to inform the court that he is innocent. n He wants to tell you he didnt do it. Examples Analysisn The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we do not reckon that the trend w
13、ill continue.n Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont think its going to go on.n The company cannot ascertain why this has happened. We are not in a position to explain the decline in price, but we
14、 do not reckon that the trend will continue.n 我公司尚难确定事情发生的原因。对于价格下跌我方不能做出解释 , 但我方认为此趋势将不会继续。n Well, as I told them at the meeting this morning, you cant tell why thats happened. Now, you just cant explain this drop in price, but I dont think its going to go on.n (啊 ),就像今天上午我告诉他们的那样 , 你们不能说清为什么发生那事。
15、(这个 ), 你们不能解释价格下跌的原因 , 不过我想它不会继续下跌。 Examples Analysisn We might acquire some sodium chloride. n (正式的、专业的 )n We can get some sodium chloride. n (非正式的、专业的 )n We may obtain some salt. n (正式的、非专业的 )n We can get some salt. n (非正式的、非专业的 )Examples Analysisn 现在北京人特别有这种感觉，一到过年过节啦，保姆都要回家，就不得了了，家里面没有人管孩子，就成了很大
16、的问题。n People in Beijing often have such an experience: When the housekeeper leaves to spend the Chinese New Year or festivals with her family, they will feel very inconvenient because no one will take care of the child. Examples Analysisn 所以有些个地方官员确实不重视农业，确实是口号农业，口头讲得很响亮，实际并不那么干，实际上还是挖农业、损害农业。n Ther
17、efore, some local officials talk loudly about agriculture, but their actions do not match their words. In fact, they are undermining agriculture.Examples Analysisn 为什么呢？美国它今天说你对我出口太多，进口太少，造成了我的外贸收支不平衡，明天又说另外一套，你，对我外贸也是造成了不平衡。n Because at some point, the United States will accuse one country of expor
18、ting too much and importing too little, and therefore causing its trade imbalance; at another point, it may accuse another country of causing its trade imbalance. Examples Analysisn 墨西哥本来在汽车的贸易上它的限制非常严格，进口一台汽车的话要出口 2.7部，墨西哥的车，那是非常严格的。n Mexico once had a very strict control over the trade of automobi
19、les. For each car imported, 2.7 cars need to be exported. Examples Analysisn 美国外贸进出口的统计办法是用的产品原产地原则。也就是说，这个产品生产在哪个国家里头，然后出口到美国去，就算这个国家对美国的出口，而不管这家工厂是属于谁的，赚的钱给谁，不去管这个问题。n The foreign trade statistics of the United States are based on the place of origin. That means that if the product is produced in one country and exported to the US, thatll be counted as the export of this country, regardless of who owns the factory or whom the profit goes to.
