1、College English Book 3,授课教师： 卢冠东 河南城建学院 QQ:403096966Henan University of Urban Construction 更多资源访问：攀登英语网,Unit 1,Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 4,Unit 5,Unit 6,Unit 7,Unit 8,Unit 1 Change in the Way We Live,Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life,Teaching Plan,Objectives : 1. grasp the main idea (tolerance for s
2、olitude and energy made it possible for the writers family to enjoy their pleasant but sometimes harsh country life); 2. appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast ,topic sentences followed by detail sentences ,use of transitional devices ,etc.); 3. master the
3、key language points and grammatical structures in the text ; 4. conduct a series of reading ,listening ,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit .,Reading Guidance 1. Main idea of the text and its main contents :The text ,through description of the authors family life in the
4、country ,tells us tolerance for solitude and energy made it possible for the writers family to enjoy their pleasant but sometimes harsh country life . 2. Paragraph study:Para 1. Brief introduction to the author and his familys life in the country (including his dream, his present situation and their
5、 contentment).Para 2.Topic sentence: Its a self-reliant sort of life. The following detail sentences run parallel to each other (We,Our hens,Our bees).,Para 3. One topic sentence (Its a satisfying life too.) + several detail sentences (we canoe,we ski,we get,we love.we watch for. )Part One (Paras 1-
6、3), summary The writer views his life in the country as a self reliant and satisfying one . Para 4. Topic sentence : But the good life can get pretty tough . Detailed sentences : Three months ago three months from now Recently ,Later this month ,Using time words or phrases is one of the common trans
7、itional devices between detailed sentences .,Para 5. Topic sentence : There is no rest for the wicked not much for the virtuous either .Supporting sentence 1. : I manage to Supporting sentence 2. : Sandy pursues +more detail sentences to support “Sandy pursues ”Here we can the detail sentences can h
8、ave their own hierarchy (等级体系) Para 6. Warm and loving every minute in cold winter .Para 7. Topic sentence : Spring brought two floods First the river over flowed (supporting sentence)Then the growing season began +more details (supporting sentences),Part Two (Paras 4-7) summary :“The good life can
9、get pretty tough .”or: Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard .Para 8. A decision : Quitting my job and starting to freelance at a terrible timing .Para 9. Things have gone much better than we had any right to except because of my diligent work .Para 10. Being good at managing money mat
10、ters ,we can get by with my reduced income .Para 11. Leading a thrifty (节俭的) and simple life : making up the difference in income by cutting backwithout appreciably lowering our standard of living,Part Three (Paras 8-11), summary :How the author and his family can manage to get by with his reduced i
11、ncome after quitting his job (-by working diligently ,managing money matters ,living a thrifty life).Paras 12-13. Topic sentence :“ I suspect not everyone It takes a couple of special qualities .” +two sub-topicsentences (分主题句)One is a tolerance for solitude (+more supporting details)The other requi
12、rement is energy -a lot of it (+more supporting details),Para 14. Well leave someday with a feeling of sorrow . But also with a sense of pride at our accomplishment .Para 15. We realized our dream here to improve the quality of our lives .Part Four (Paras 12-15), summary :We succeed in living in the
13、 country as we have a couple of special qualities : a tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy . 3. Practice with topic sentences .The characteristics of English topic sentence : An effective topic sentence should include two elements -topic + opinion. Or .what to say + how to say, etc. Topic : in
14、dicates the content of a paragraph, playing a,role in limiting the range of the theme. Opinion: reflects an authors viewpoint, impression or attitude toward the theme, filling the role of defining the keynote(基调) of a paragraph.For example :Owning a car often presents many problems .Topic Opinion Th
15、is topic sentence clearly tells readers that the very paragraph will deal with “many problems” caused by “owning a car ”.In other words ,a topic sentence states a topic and a con trolling idea concerning that topic .Look at the following example .,People give many reasons for owning a car .controlli
16、ng idea topicObviously ,all the supporting ideas in the paragraph should be “reasons for owning a car .”Another example :People can avoid catching a cold by taking certain precautions . This topic sentence includes the topic “catching colds” and the controlling idea or opinion “taking precautions” .
17、,Analyze the difficult sentences,1. I am not in E.B. Whites class as a writer or in my neighbors league as a farmer .(lines 2-3)be not in ones class /league = not in the league /class of . 与不是同类型的人 2. Im not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time .(lines 60-61) 我挣的
18、钱比不上担任全职工作时的收入,anywhere near - anything like : nearly ,in any degree ,几乎，那么；在任何程度上。用于否定，疑问，条件句。例：Its not anywhere near /anything like as hot today as it was yesterday . 今天不象昨天那么热,3. When it comes to insurance ,we have a poor mans major-medical policy .译文：至于保险，我们买了一份低收入者的主要医疗项目保险。when it comes to + n
19、. /gerund :当谈到，有关，论及（某项），属于（某类）例：The school has very good teachers ,but when it comes to buildings ,the school is poor . 4. Although we are stuck with paying minor expenses , our premium is low - and we covered against catastrophe .(lines 67-68)译文：虽然我们仍要支付小部分医疗费用，但我们的保险费也低-而我们给自己生大病保了险。,5. we didnt
20、move here primarily to ear money though .译文：但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居此地。1). “not”否定不定式 “to earn money”. 不否定谓语动词 “move” 时间，频度，地点，方式，目的，原因状语等的否定有时转移到谓语动词。例如：Rome was not built in a day .(=Rome was built not in a day .)2). though , adv. 口语中放在句尾 可是，虽然如此，话虽这么说。如：I wish you had told me ,though .话虽如此，你早告诉我就好了/我巴不得你早就
21、告诉了我。,Text AnalysisThe author writes his piece in a clear and logical way . In many instance he employs the pattern of “one topic sentence +several detail sentences” structure . Its easy for reads to grasp the main idea ,and it is also proven effective for learner writers like our students .Sometime
22、s the detail sentences run parallel to each other ,like those in Para 2. In some other paragraphs the detail sentences have their own hierarchy . Take Para 5. for example . The first sentence tells how busy “I” am . The second sentence states that Sandy ,the wife ,is also busy . The final sentence i
23、s a kind of summary -nobody can relax . Yet following the second sentence there are a few more detail sentences showing exactly how tight a schedule Sandy has . Take Paras 12-13 for another example . The topic sentence therein is “I,suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living th
24、e way we do . It takes a couple of special qualities .” Then there are two sub-topic sentences :“One is a tolerance for solitude”; “The other requirement is energy -a lot of it .”Each sub-topic sentence has its own supporting details .Sometimes there is no transitional devices between detail sentenc
25、es ,sometimes there are ,the most frequently used one of which is time words or phrases . For example ,the detail sentences in Para 4. begin with “three months ago”, “three months from now ”, “recently”, and “later this month”, respectively . To be sure ,other conjunctions scatter the text ,like “fi
26、rst”-“then”-“eventually” in Para 7.,第一课 Language Study 1get by：be good enough but not very good；manage to live 0r do things in a satisfactory way，过得去,尚可Examples：My Parents managed to get by on a small amount of money.It is a little bit difficult for the 0ld couple to get by on such a small pension.W
27、e can get by with four computers at the moment, but well need a couple more when the new staff members arrive. 2 when it was 30 below: Here the Celsius scale is used instead of the Fahrenheit scale. 气温降到华氏零下30度3. haul: 1) transport, as with a truck, cart, etc: vt.(用卡车,马车等)搬运Examples: The farmers hau
28、l vegetables to the market on a truck every morning.The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages.2) pull or drag sth. with effort or forceExamples: A crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream.Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train.,4. impro
29、vement: the act or an instance of improving or being improved n.改进,改善Examples: Internet service providers should develop security improvement services for their customers.The governments priorities will go to local transport improvement projects.The improvement in the job market in the past few year
30、s has been remarkable. 5. supplement: add to sth. in order to improve it (followed by with) vt.补充;增补Examples: Peter does occasional freelance work to supplement his income.The doctor suggested supplementing my diet with vitamins E and A. 6. indoor: situated or used inside a building ad.室内的Examples:
31、Indoor pollution has been found to be as much as five to ten times higher inside some skyscrapers than outside.Tobacco smoke is considered as an indoor pollutant.The Mall of America, the biggest mall in USA includes the worlds largest indoor amusement park.,7. spray: force out liquid in small drops
32、upon (followed by with) vt.喷洒Examples: 111 have to spray the roses with insecticide to get rid of the greenfly.A car went past and sprayed me with water. 8. pursue: follow vt.努力去获得(或完成),追求Examples: After graduation Martin chose to pursue die same careerCollege students are advised to pursue a wide r
33、ange of subjects. 9. stack: make into a pile vt.将堆起来 Examples: Once the last few people had left the hall, the caretakerBefore being processed into lumber, the wood must be 10. wicked: evil or bad ad.邪恶的;坏的Examples: I would rather starve in a ditch than accept the fortune upon such wicked terms.We a
34、re all born good, but can be taught to be wicked.,11. get through: come successfully to the end通过,度过Examples: The local government has taken some measures to ensure that all the people will get through the winter.She got through the entrance examination and was accepted by the college.12. at that po
35、int: at that very moment, right then就在那时Examples: The train was now only a couple of yards from the kids on the track. At that very point, Anthony threw himself forward and pulled them clear.The man suddenly held up a poster. At that point, all TV cameras were pointed at him.13. on balance: with all
36、 things considered总的来说Examples: I think, on balance, I didnt treat you unfairly.On balance, its probably not advisable to change the companys name. 14. illustrate: provide with visual features; clarify by use of examples, etc. vt.加插图于;举例说明Examples: Let me use another example to illustrate this diffi
37、cult point.The editor has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs.,15. Im not making anywhere near as much money as I did ,: I am not earning as much money as I did .我挣的钱远比不上全职工作时的收入, 16. generate: bring into existence, produce vt.形成,产生Examples: The widespread use of Spanish in some Am
38、erican cities has generated a public debate over language use in the country.Space technology has generated thousands of products for everyday use such as lightweight materials used in running shoes. 17. insurance: a guarantee that you will receive money if something is lost or damaged, or have repa
39、irs paid for, by a financial company in return for regular payments you make to them n.保险;保险费Examples: Many nations have some form of compulsory unemployment insurance.People regularly buy insurance to reduce uncertainty and to protect themselves from future disasters 18. pick up: be ready to pay付(账
40、)Examples: If he loses the case, Michael will have to pick up the bill for legal costs.Taxpayers will be picking up the tab for the improved public transport network. 19. minor: lesser or smaller in amount or importance, etc. ad.较少的,较小的,较次要的 Examples: The Ford Company made only minor changes to the
41、Model T for nearly two decades.They only encountered minor problems in their first space flight.,20. premium: a sum of money that you pay regularly to an insurance company for an insurance policy n.保险费;奖金,奖品Examples: The employers make the employees pay for a large portion of their health insurance
42、premium.Some people are complaining the car insurance premiums have increased too much this year. 21. aside from: except for; in addition to (more usual in American English; same as apart from)除了;除以外(尚可)Examples: Aside from an occasional game of tennis, he doesnt take any exercise.This essay is good
43、 aside from a couple of spelling mistakes.They were going to have other expenses, aside from the school fees. 22. cut back: reduce in size or amount (used in the patterns: cut back sth.; cut back on sth.)减少,削减Examples: There is a growing movement to cut back the governments role in agriculture and t
44、o reduce subsidies paid to farmers.The government has cut back on defense spending. 23. lower: make or become smaller in amount, degree, etc. v.降低Examples: Increasing your intake of fruits and vegetables can lower your risk of getting some types of cancer.Governments may raise or lower taxes to achi
45、eve social and economic objectives,. 24. dine out: eat a meal away from home (usu. in a restaurant)外出吃饭Examples: With the improvement of living standards, more people dine out at weekends.Its my daughters birthday today, so were dining out tonight. 25. patronize: go to as a customer vt.光顾,惠顾Examples
46、: When he was a student, Sterling often patronized the little restaurant near the school.They no longer patronize the local department store because of its poor service. 26. Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments.: We no longer have extravagant Christma
47、ses, and when a magazine sends me somewhere to write an article, 1 will take my family along. By doing so, we can save some money.铺张的圣诞节成为一种回忆,我们把完成稿约作为度假的一部分 27. suspect: believe to be true, likely or probable; feel doubt about (used in the patterns: suspect sb./ sth. of sth.; suspect that) vt.相信;怀
48、疑Examples: China banned cosmetics suspected of containing substances that cause mad disease.It was perfectly all right, Henry said, because the police had not suspected him of anything.Scientists realized that Mars evolution had been more complex and fascinating than they had suspected.,28. budget:
49、any plan that a person, organization or government has that shows how they will raise money and how they will spend the money they have n.预算Examples: The personal or family budget is a financial plan that helps individuals to balance income and expenses.The General Assembly has exclusive authority t
50、o set the UN budget, paid for by all members according to an agreed quota. 29. requirement: sth. needed or asked for n.要求必备条件Examples: Patience is definitely a requirement for a career in teaching.Many schools have tightened their requirements, and test scores for admission have been rising. 30. sca
51、le: a relative level or degree (usu. used in the phrase on a. scale) n.规模Examples: After the Selma protest Martin Luther King continued to organize protests but not any on such a grand scale.We tested our new teaching methods on a small scale. Indeed only six classes were involved in it. 31. resist: keep from giving in to or enjoying (used in die patterns: resist stir; resist doing sth.) vt.抵制Examples: We couldnt resist laughing at him in those funny clothes.Keep me away from the duty-free shop. You know I cant resist expensive perfumes.,
