1、Unit 7 Robot,hazardous hzds 危险的，冒险的hazardous industrial solid wastes 工业有害固体废物 To engage in hazardous activities; take risks. 冒险参加冒险性活动；担风险,Assembly sembli line 装配线,tedious ti:dis 沉闷的，单调乏味的 冗长的；啰嗦的 A long, tedious walk. 冗长乏味的行走,defuse di:fju:z 拆除（爆炸物）信管，使缓和 减少的危险性 Guard against and defuse financial r
2、isks 防范和化解金融风险,handicapped hndikpt残疾人，身体有缺陷的人China Federation of Handicapped People 中国残疾人联合会 Lack of money handicapped him badly. 缺少资金对他十分不利。,appendage pendid附加物，附属物Having a tail or taillike appendage. 有尾的或类似尾巴的附属物,axes ksi:z 轴,articulated :tikjulitid 铰接的，枢接的，有关节的 This bone is articulated with anoth
3、er. 这根骨兴另一根骨相连。 He articulated each word carefully. 他把每个字都说得清清楚楚。,flange flnd边缘，轮缘，凸缘，法兰,pendant pendnt垂环，垂饰，下垂物Its a pendant lamp. 是吊灯。 an earring with a pendant ornament. 有下垂物的耳朵上的装饰物。,peripheral prifrl不重要的，外围的diseases of peripheral nerve 周围神经疾病,State-of-the-art达到最新技术发展水平的,conjunction kndkn连接词，连合，
4、关连,hydraulic haidr:lik水力的，水压的hydraulic engineering geological exploration 水利工程地质勘察,pneumatic nu:mtik气胎，气动的（有空气的，气体学的）,The industrial robot is a tool that is used in the manufacturing environment to increase productivity. It can perform jobs that might be hazardous to the human worker. One of the fir
5、st industrial robots was used to replace the nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants.,工业机器人是一种提高制造业生产力的工具。它可以承担那些对人类可能有危险的工作。最早的工业机器人就曾用来在核能发电厂中更换核燃料棒。,The industrial robot can also operate on the assembly line such as placing electronic components on a printed circuit board. Thus, the human worke
6、r can be relieved of the routine operation of this tedious task. Robots can also be programmed to defuse bombs, to serve the handicapped, and to perform functions in numerous applications in our society.,拆除(炸弹等)的雷管, 消除危险, 缓和,为数众多的, 许多,工业机器人也能在装配线上工作，如安装印刷电路板上的电子元器件。这样，人们就可以从这种单调的工作中解脱出来。机器人还能拆除炸弹，为伤
7、残人士服务，为我们的社会做各种各样的工作。,A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move parts, materials, tools, or special devices through variable preprogrammed locations for the performance of a variety of different tasks.,机器人是一个可以重复编程的、多功能的工作机构，可以在各个预编程位置移动零件、材料、工具或其他特殊装置，完成各种不同的工作。,Prep
8、rogrammed locations are paths that the robot must follow to accomplish work At some of these locations, the robot will stop and perform some operation, such as assembly of pars, spray painting, or welding. These preprogrammed locations are stored in the robots memory and are recalled later for conti
9、nuous operation. Furthermore, these preprogrammed locations, as well as other program data, can be changed later as the work requirements change. Thus, with regard to this programming feature, an industial robot is very much like a computer.,关于，至于,预编程位置是指机器人完成工作时必须遵循的路径。在某些预编程位置，机器人会停下来进行一些操作，例如安装零件
10、、喷漆或焊接。这些预编程位置存储在机器人的存储中，以便随时调出进行连续的操作。如果工作要求改变了，这些预编程位置连同其他的编程数据也随之改变。这些编程特征使得工业机器人与计算机非常类似。,The robotic system can also control the work cell of the operating robot. The work cell of the robot is the total venvironment in which the robot must perform its task. Included within this cell may be the
11、robot manipulator, controler, a work table, safety features, or a conveyor. In addition, signals from outside devices can communicate with the robot.,机器人系统可以控制工作机器人的工作单元。机器人的工作单元是机器人执行任务时的工作环境。工作单元包括机器人的机械手、控制器、工作台、安全装置以及传动装置。此外，机器人应该能与外界信号进行交流。,The manipulator, which does the physical work of the r
12、obotic system, consists of two sections:the mechanical section and the attached appendage. The manipulator also has a base to which the appendages are attached. The base of the manipulator is usually fixed to the floor of the work area. Sometimes, though, the base may be movabie. In this case, the b
13、ase is attached to either a rail or a track, allowing the manipulator to be moved from one locationg to anther.,机器人的机械手完成机器人系统的具体工作，它包括两个部分：机械部分和附属部分。附属部分安装在机械手的基座上。基座固定在工作现场的地板上。但有时基座也是可以移动的，在这种情况下，基座安放在轨道上，用于把机械手从一个位置移到另外的位置。,The appendage is the arm of the robot. It can be either a straight, mova
14、ble arm or a jointed arm and gives the manipulator its various axes of motion. The jointed am is also known as an articulated arm. At the end of the arm, a wrist is connected. The wrist is made up of additional axes and a wrist flang. The wrist flang allows the robot user to connect different toolin
15、g to the wrist for different jobs.,附属部分是机器人的手臂。它可能是一个直的可以移动的手臂，也可能是一个铰接的手臂，为机械手提供多根工作轴。铰接的手臂也就是有关节连接的手臂。手臂的端部连有一个手腕。手腕装在另一根轴上并装有法兰盘。在法兰盘上可以联接不同的工具，完成不同的工作。,The manipulators axes allow it to perform work within a certain area. This area is called the work cell of the robot, and its size corresponds t
16、o the size of the manipulator. As the robots physical size increases, the size of the work cell must also increase.,机械手上的轴允许机械手在一个特定的区域里工作。这个区域叫做机器人的工作单元，它的大小取决于机械手的大小。如果机器人的尺寸增加，工作单元的尺寸也会增加。,The movement of the manipulator is controlledktueit制动器,传动装置,执行机构 by actuators, or drive systems. They allow
17、the various axes to move within the work cell. The drive system can use electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic power. The energy developed by the drive system is convened to mechanical power by various mechanical drive systems. The drive systems are coupled through mechanical linkages. These linkages, in
18、 turn, drive the different axes of the robot. The mechanical linkages may be composed of chains, gears, and ball screws.,机械手的运动由驱动器或驱动系统控制。它们驱动各轴在工作单元内旋转。驱动系统可以是电力的、液压的，也可以是气动的。驱动系统产生的动力经各种不同的机构转换成机械能。各种驱动系统经机械传动装置相连。这些由链条、齿轮和滚珠丝杠组成的机械传动装置驱动机器人的各轴。,The controller is used to control the robot manipul
19、ators movements as well as to control peripheral components within the work cell. The rser can program the movements of the manipulator into the controller through the use of a hand-held teach pendant. This information is stored in the memory of the controller for later recall.,控制器用于控制机械手的运动和工作单元内的外
20、部设备。可以通过悬挂的手持键盘把机械手的运动程序输入控制器。这些数据存储在控制器的内存中，以备将来调用。,The controller is also required to communicate with peripheral equipment within the work cell. For example, a controller has an input line. When the machine cycle is completed, the input line turns on, telling the controller to position the manipu
21、lator so that it can pickup the finished part. Then, a new part is picked up by the manipulator and placed into the machine. Next, the controller signals the machine to start operation.,控制器还要能与工作单元内的外部设备进行通信。例如，控制器有一条输入线路。加工完成时输入线路连通，告诉控制器让机械手在指定的位置挑出加工好的零件。机械手把一个新的零件送入机器后，控制器发出信号，重新开始加工。,The contro
22、ller can send electric signals over communication lines. This two-way communication and operation of the system. The controller also has the job of communicating with the different plant computers. The communication link establishes the robot as part of a computer-assisted manufacturing(CAM) SYSTEM.
23、 The microprocessor-based systems operate in conjunction with solid-state memory devices. These memory devices may be magnetic bubbles, random-access memory, floppy disks, or magnetic tape.,控制器可以在通信线路上传送电信号。这种机械手和控制器之间的双向通信不断地更新系统的位置和操作。控制器的工作还包括与不同设备的计算机进行通信。这种通信连接使机器人成为计算机辅助制造系统的一部分。微处理器系统使用固态存储装置
24、。这些存储装置可能使磁泡、随即存储器、软盘或者磁带。,The power supply is the unit that supplies power to the controller and the manipulator. Two types of power are delivered to the robotic system. One type of power is the AC power for operation of the controller. The other type of power is used for driving the various axes of the manipulator. For example, if the robot manipulator is controlled by hydrarlic or pneumatic drives, control signals are sent to these devices, causing motion of the robot.,控制器和机械手的动力由动力源供给。机器人系统一般使用两种动力。一种是提供给控制器的交流电。另一种动力源用于驱动机械手的各轴。例如，如果机械手是由液压或气动驱动控制的，这些装置将接收控制信号，使机器人产生运动。,
