1、Section Grammar名词性从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句 后自主感悟What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.Its wellknown that the ancient Chinese invented the rocked.We think it probable that he is dead.The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.They insis
2、ted that everyone (should) come to the party.The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.I have no idea when she will be back.The question remains whether they will be able to help us.The problem is who we can get to replace her.1.句为主语从句，句为宾语从句，句
3、为同位语从句，句为表语从句。2.句中的引导词为连接词，在从句中不作成分，句中的引导词为连接代词，句中的引导词为连接副词。3.句中使用了 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。4.句中的 that 可省略，其他句中的 that 一般不可省略。5.句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。语 法 精 要 点 拨名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一 名词性从句的引导词引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：1连词：that，whether，if2连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which3连接副词：when，where，ho
4、w，whyThat she became an artist was due to her fathers influence.她成为画家是受了她父亲的影响。What we will do tomorrow depends on the weather.明天我们做什么得看天气。When we arrive doesnt matter.我们什么时候到无关紧要。Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.它是否对我们有害还有待观察。名师点津 (1)名词性从句中用陈述语序；(2)连词 that，whether，if 在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分；
5、(3)连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。即时演练 1 用适当的连接词填空The village is where I was born.Whoever comes to the party will be welcome.What he said made me excited.考点二 主语从句1作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。Where the English evening party will be held has not yet been announced.还没有宣布英语晚会将在哪里举行。2主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，而把主语
6、从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。Its a pity that he cant attend the meeting.他不能参加会议，真是遗憾。It is possible that he may not be able to come.他可能不能来了。It is said that she failed the exam.据说她考试不及格。即时演练 2 用适当的连接词填空What we actually need now is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.Whether it is true remains a question.
7、Has it been announced when the plane are to take off?It is certain that she will do well in the exam.考点三 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语，另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，certain 等之后也可以带宾语从句。1由连词 that 引导的宾语从句that 引导表示陈述的宾语从句。连词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但在以下情况中不能省略：(1)当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个 that，
8、其他不能省略。The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。(2)当 it 作形式宾语时。She made it clear that it had nothing to do with her.她表明这件事和她没有任何关系。名师点津在 demand，order，suggest，decide，i
9、nsist，desire，request，command 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“(should)动词原形” 。I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。2who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever 等连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于由特殊疑问句转化而来，但应注意句子要用陈述语序。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡是需要
10、帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3if 和 whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述语序。whether 与 if 在作“是否”讲时，在下列情况下一般只能用 whether，不用 if：(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；(4)后紧跟“or not”时；(5)后接动词不定式时。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether or not
11、he will come.我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能告诉我是去还是留吗？4宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应当主句动词是现在时时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时(could，would 除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时。The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开，去美国了。The teacher said
12、that the earth goes around the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。5否定转移当 think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine 等动词的主语为第一人称，且本身为一般现在时时其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont believe hell come.我想他是不会来的。6可以用形式宾语 it 代替的宾语从句(1)动词 find，feel，consider，make，believe，think 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用 it 作形
13、式宾语而将 that 宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we(should)take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。(2)有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加 it。这类动词(词组)主要有：hate，take，owe，have，see to。He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行。We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的。即时演练 3 用适当的连接词填空E
14、verything depends on whether we have enough money.She always thinks of how she can work well.I dont believe that man was killed by Jim，was he?I feel it a pity that I havent been to the gettogether.I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.考点四 表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。引导表语从句的连接词有 wh疑问
15、词，whether，that，because，as，as if，as though 等。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。Its just because he doesnt know her.这只是因为他不认识她。名师点津当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导。表示“建议、要求、命令”等的名词，如 suggestion，advice，recommendation，proposal，demand，requirement，request，orde
16、r等后面的表语从句中，谓语用“should动词原形” ，其中 should 可以省略。在 seem，look，feel，smell，sound，taste 等动词后的 as if 或 as though 引导的表语从句中，若从句表示一种假设或与事实不符的情况，从句须用虚拟语气。I felt as if my head were splitting.我觉得头仿佛要裂开似的。即时演练 4 用适当的连接词填空The question is whether we should accept their invitation.This is why we put off the meeting.It l
17、ooks as if it is going to rain.My hometown is no longer what it used to be.考点五 同位语从句1同位语从句一般跟在某些表抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word(消息)等。The news that we won the game is e
18、xciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。2但是当作主语的名词后跟同位语从句，且谓语较短时，为了保持句式平衡，常将同位语从句置于谓语之后。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。名师点津同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)定语从句是先行词的修饰语，对先行词进行修饰或限定，但它不涉及先行词的具体内容。that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，并在从句中充当句子成分(主语或宾语)，在从句中作
19、宾语时可以省略；(2)同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that 引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有具体词义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：I had no idea that you were here.(that 引导同位语从句，表明 idea 的具体内容，不能省略)我不知道你在这里。Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 idea，在从句中充当宾语，可以省略)你了解这本书中所展示的古希腊生活吗？即时演练 5 指出下列句中
20、黑体部分是同位语从句还是定语从句1The question whether we need it has not been considered.同位语从句2The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.同位语从句3The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.定语从句语 法 应 用 落 实.单句语法填空1It
21、 is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2The most pleasant thing of the rainy season isthat one can be entirely free from dust.3The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.4It is suggested that physical educati
22、on test should be included as part of the National College Entrance Exam. 【导学号：90862028】5Mr.Frank asked me a question whether I could go with him to what he called the Treasure House.6Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.7What we fear when traveling in summer is the sudden change of weather.8Th
23、e reason why you didnt pass the driving test was that you didnt practice it hard.9I was horrified to hear about how she had been treated in prison.10Today I am talking about whether the government should spend more money discovering and protecting cultural relics.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误)1He made clear that
24、 he was in favour of my plan.在 made 后加 it2He demanded that the work will be finished within 2 hours.willshould3If I shall go to Hong Kong or not tomorrow hasnt been decided.Ifwhether4He said he has lived in the city for 20 years.hashad5Who breaks the window will be punished.WhoWhoever6How could he d
25、eny the fact he had stolen the money？fact 后加 that7I have no idea how she accepted the job offer because she said she didnt like it.howwhy8I think that necessary to learn English well.thatit9He treats the orphan very well as if she is his own daughter.iswere10I hate when it rains all day long.hate 后加 it
