1、语法点集中攻坚,单元要点大本营,单元一法练写作,Unit 2,Ill help to clean up the city parks.,（一）动词不定式,语法讲堂,动词不定式的形式及性质,考点 1,(1)动词不定式的基本形式：to do（to有时可省略）； (2)动词不定式变否定：not （to） do； (3)动词不定式无人称变化； (4)动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语 和状语。eg：to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言to read newspapers 看报纸,动词不定式的句法作用,考点 2,考向一,不定式作宾语 to do不定式可表“将来”或“来做”
2、的含义。 eg：would like to do sth.想要做某事（来做）plan to do sth.计划做某事（计划将来） 常见的后接不定式作宾语的动词有： need，like，want，wish，hope，decide，expect等。,典例,Kate，remember to the sick to cheer them up.（成都改编） A. to sing B. not to sing C. singing,A,【点拨】remember to do sth.记得去做某事。to do 作remember的宾语。,考向二,不定式作宾补 有的动词后加不定式作宾补，构成“v.sb./st
3、h. to do”结构，此类动词中常见的有： ask， tell， would like， want， expect（期待）， wish， allow（允许）， encourage（鼓励）等。,典例,Mr Smith told his son the football match because of the exam.（呼和浩特） A. not to watch B. to not watch C. not watching D. doesnt watch,A,【点拨】tell sb.not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事。,考向三,不定式作状语 不定式作状语表目的、结果，或用在某
4、些表示人的心情类的形容词后表原因。,典例,Many fast food restaurants paint（涂） their walls red，play loud music and have hard seatscustomers（顾客） eat quickly and leave.（杭州） A. make B. to make C. made D. making,【点拨】句意：许多快餐店把它们的墙刷成红色，播放吵闹的音乐，并放置坚硬的座位，为的是使顾客快点吃完离开。不定式在句中作目的状语。,B,动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when等特殊疑问词连用。
5、eg：The question is I dont know when to start.问题是我不知道什么时候开始。,考点 3,典例,I really dont know what I can do to help her out.（改为简单句） I really dont know what to help her out.（兰州）,【点拨】考查特殊疑问词与不定式连用。用转换法。当主句的主语与从句的主语一致时，“what主语can/should/ could动词”可以替换为“what to动词”。,to do,不带to的不定式：两类动词后作宾补的不定式不带to：感官动词：see，hear，
6、watch，feel，notice等使役动词：let，make，have等 eg：I heard them argue this morning.今天早上我听 到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程） They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month.上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时钢琴。,考点 4,help带不带to均可以。此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。 eg：William is often seen to play Chinese kung fuin the park.人们常看到威廉在公园
7、练中国功夫。,【注意】,典例,Though he often made his little sister _ , today he was made by his little sister.（汕尾） A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D.to cry；cry,【点拨】make sb.do sth.变为被动语态时，被省略的to要恢复，即sb.be made to do sth.。,A,could表建议时，意为“可以，不妨”，用于委婉、客气地建议做某事，语气比should委婉。 eg：We could write a letter to the
8、 headmaster. 我们不妨写一封信给校长。 You could try his home number. 你可以试试他家的电话号码。,（二）情态动词could表建议的用法,典例,翻译句子。 1.你可以尽量用一些新方法解决这个问题。 _ 2.当你感到孤独时，你不妨打个电话给你的父母。 _,You could try to use some new methods to solve this problem.,When you feel lonely，you could make a call to your parents.,短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于
9、一个动词。 构成：常见的形式有 1.动词副词，如：put up 2.动词介词，如：look at 3.动词副词介词，如：run out of 4.动词名词介词，如：take care of,（三）短语动词,动词副词,考点 1,【难点】,考向一,常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有： cheer up（振奋起来），clean up（打扫干净），set up（建立），put up（搭建，张贴），cut up（切碎），fix up（修理）， work out（算出），give out（分发）， give away（赠送）， think over（仔细思考），turn over（把翻过来）， hand
10、 in（上交）等。,此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。,【注意】,典例,If you meet some new words， you can _ in a dictionary.（清远） A. look it up B. look up it C. look them up D. look up them,【点拨】look up短语中up为副词，代词作宾语必须置于副词之前，故排除B、D；由some new words可排除A。,C,考向二,常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：get up（起床），start
11、off（动身）， come back（回来）， get down（下来），hold on（等一下；别挂断），look out（当心，小心），get away（逃离）等。,动词介词,考点 2,这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：look for（寻找），stand for（代表），wait for（等待），pay for（付费），send for（派人去请），take after（像），hear from（收到的来信），hear of（听说），depend on（依靠）等。,典例,This food is free. You dont have to it.（河北） A.
12、 look for B. pay for C. ask for D. wait for,【点拨】look for寻找；pay for付费；ask for请求；wait for等待。由语境可知食物免费，不必付钱。,B,动词副词介词,考点 3,这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面需跟宾语。常见有：add up to（总共是），catch up with（赶上），look down upon（瞧不起）， run out of（耗尽，用光）等。,典例,Dont worry！ Im sure youll your classmates if you are kind and friendly to th
13、em.（随州） A. catch up with B. get on well with C. agree with D. be strict with,【点拨】本题考查短语辨析。catch up with 赶上，get on well with 与相处得好，agree with 同意，be strict with 对要求严格。,B,动词名词介词,考点 4,典例,Around the world more and more people are dangerous sports activities， because life in modern societies has become sa
14、fe and boring.（临沂） A. taking out B. taking off C. taking part in D. taking care of,C,这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语， 有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有： make fun of（取笑），make use of（利用），pay attention to（注意）， take care of（照顾）等。,这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 eg：He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。 We shouldnt make
15、 fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。,【注意】,即学即练,一、用所给词的适当形式填空,1. He wants _ (put) up some signs asking for old toys. 2. Maria plans _ (be) a teacher because she loves children. 3. I want to learn more about how _(care) for animals. 4. They will get together _ (discuss) this question.,to put,to be,to care,to di
16、scuss,5. (2015南京)We need to make more young people _ (learn) Shadow Play so that it wont disappear in China. 6. (2015常州)That is the only way we can imagine _(reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom. 7. Last year, she decided _(try) out for a volunteer afterschool reading program.,learn,to reduce,
17、to try,8. Would you like _ (go) and have a picnicwith us tomorrow? 9. She hopes _(be) a volunteer during this summer vacation. 10. (2016烟台) Please promise _ (not tell) liesany more, will you?,to go,to be,not to tell,11(2015邵阳)The girl was made _ her brothersclothes. Ato wash Bwash Cwashing,A,二、单项选择,
18、【点拨】可用寻找题眼法。make的用法为“make sb. do sth.”， 但是当变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to就要恢复，即“sb. be made to do sth.”，根据关键词was made可知选A。,12(2016临沂) These people dress themselves in bloody shark suits. They tell people _ shark fins in order to protect sharks. A. eat B. to eat C. not eat D. not to eat,D,【点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些人用血腥的鲨
19、鱼服来装扮他们自己，他们告诉人们为了保护鲨鱼_鲨鱼翅。由句意可知是不要吃，结合tell sb. to do sth.可知选D。,13(2016德州)Who _ your pet dogs while you were out for a holiday? My neighbor, a warmhearted woman. A. put on B. looked after C. gave up D. turned off,B,【点拨】考查动词短语。句意：你外出度假时谁照顾你的宠物狗？我的邻居，一位热心的妇女。put on“穿上”；look after“照看；照料”；give up“放弃”；tu
20、rn off “关闭”。结合空后的pet dogs可知应选B。,14Because of the bad weather，we have to _ the meeting till next week. Atake off Bget off Cput off Dset off,C,【点拨】考查短语辨析。take off脱下，起飞；get off下车；put off推迟；set off出发。由句意“由于天气不好，我们不得不把会议推迟到下周。”故选C。,15Scientists are trying their best to _ ways to treat the terrible diseas
21、e called H7N9. Acome up with Blook forward to Ctalk about Dgive up,A,【点拨】考查短语辨析。come up with想出；look forward to盼望；talk about谈论；give up放弃。句意为：科学家们正尽他们最大的努力想出医治被称为H7N9的可怕的疾病的方法。由句意可知，选A。,返回,单元要点大本营,用本单元所学的单词或短语的适当形式完成短文,Tom _1(volunteer) in an old peoples home last summer. He did some things _2(help) t
22、he old people. For example, he helped _3(clean up) their houses. He also fixed up the _4(break) chairs and _5(read) the newspaper to the old people. They told him stories about the past and how things _6(use to) be.,volunteered,to help,clean/to clean up,broken,read,used to,Helen is making some plans
23、 _7(raise) some money for the old peoples home. She thinks its _8(interest) to help the old people. Today, a lot of old people are very _9(lonely)We should listen to them and care for them, because were all going to be old one day, too.,返回,to raise,interesting,lonely,单元一法练写作,Li Lei and Wang Jie are
24、good students. They often volunteer to help others. One day, they saw a piece of news in the newspaper on their way home. It said some things were needed in the poor area. Li Lei and Wang Jie decided to give away some things. The next day, they took the train to get there. When they got to a middle
25、school, they happened to meet a teacher. The teacher told them what to do. They gave away some books and money to help the poor students there. Although they were tired, they thought they should help the people who were in trouble. What kind boys!,范文:,本文讲述两个志愿者帮助贫困地区学生的故事，主要时态为一般过去时，最后总结全文，描述两位同学帮助别人的感受，对两位同学的善举表示赞赏。本文添彩点：本文正确运用所学短语：help others，give away, in trouble 等。复合句的运用恰到好处，如宾语从句、让步状语从句等。感叹句What kind boys！给文章增色不少。,名师点评：,返回,
