1、教学目标 1熟记学案中所列出的词汇及用法。 2通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些句式造句。,3通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练的掌握限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的语法功能。 4. 听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。 教学地位 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的语法内容让学生感觉比较杂乱，语法规则较多，易混易错的地方层出不穷。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是本课时学习的关键。,新课导入建议 Answer these questions to prepare yourself. Use the key words
2、 below to help you. explore(a forest, a desert, another planet)，go (sailing, skiing, diving，parachuting)，go on (a wildlife tour, a hiking trip, a roundtheworld trip) 3Which activity mentioned above is your familiar one?,4Can you imagine or describe the feeling when you take part in this activity?Sho
3、w some words to help students : boring; brave; cheap; cheerful; comfortable; dangerous; dirty; exciting; expensive; safe; serous; tired; tiring; wellorganized; wonderful,演示结束,1similarity n相似性；类似性 Snowboarding has similarities with surfing.(教材P24)单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。 There are many similarities between the
4、 two TV series.那两部电视剧有许多相似之处。,similar adj.相似的；类似的 similarly adv.相似地；类似地 A be similar to B A与B相似 A be the same as B A与B相同 A be different from B A与B不同 similarity between.之间的相似处 similarity in在某方面相似之处,The two boys look very similar. 这两个男孩看上去很相似。 My problems are very similar to yours. 我的问题和你的差不多。 The hus
5、band and wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.夫妇俩在各自选择的事业上都很成功。,2upside down颠倒地；倒置地 And，if thats not enough，you then try to walk upside down on the ice！(教材P24) 并且，如果那还不够的话，你可以试试在冰上倒着走！ The painting was hung upside down.那幅画挂倒了。 She turned the discussion upside down by asking a fooli
6、sh question.她问了个愚蠢的问题把讨论搞乱了。,turn sth.upside down 把翻得乱七八糟，使凌乱不堪 turn sb.s life/world upside down 给某人的生活造成大的变化/混乱 up and down上上下下；来回,3risk vt.冒的危险 What makes people risk their lives to do them？(教材P24)是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？ He risked his life to save his dog. 他冒着生命危险去救他的狗。 He was prepared to risk every
7、thing in order to achieve his ambition.为实现他的雄心壮志他甘愿冒任何危险。,risk doing sth.冒险做某事 take/run a risk(risks)(to do sth.)冒险(做某事) at risk处境危险；遭受危险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险 risk ones life冒生命危险,I simply cant risk being seen there. 我可不能冒险在那儿被人看见。 You have to take/run a lot of risks if you want to succe
8、ed in business. 如果想在生意上取得成功，就得冒许多风险。,【教师备课资源】 歌诀巧记后接动名词而不接不定式作宾语的动词(词组)： 喜欢考虑逃避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid) 停止放弃太冒险(stop，give up，risk) 介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off) 要求完成是期盼(require，finish，look forward to) 建议继续勤练习(suggest，go on，practise) 不禁原谅要坚持(cant help，excuse，insist on) 继续介意成功来(keep on，min
9、d，succeed in),4various adj.各种各样的 You can find all these in the various extreme sports.(教材P24)你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些(速度、刺激和危险的感觉) Their hobbies are many and various. 他们的业余爱好五花八门。 The shop sells various kinds of fruit. 这家商店出售各种水果。,a variety of/varieties of多种多样的 variety n种种；种类；多样化；品种；综艺表演 vary v变化；不同 var
10、y from.to.在到之间变动 vary with随而变化,She didnt like the work because it lacked variety. 她不喜欢这工作，因为它单调乏味。 The weather varied from very cold to quite mild. 天气变化很大，会由很冷变得相当暖和。,5turn up出现；到场；开大；调高音量 When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go
11、through with it.(教材P25) 我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我要坚持下来。 She turned up at the last moment. 她在最后的时刻到来了。 Turn up the radio a little.Its too low. 把收音机音量调高一点，声音太小了。,turn out结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，在场 turn around转身，翻转 turn away不准(某人)进入 turn against变得敌对 turn in上交，提交 turn on打开(电视、收音机等) turn off关掉 turn down调低；拒绝,
12、turn back原路返回 turn to求助于 turn over翻转；仔细考虑 Its turned out nice and sunny again. 结果天气又变晴朗了。 Turn that radio down at once! 立刻把收音机的音量调低！,6get across (使)理解(某事) Its difficult to get across how exciting it is！(教材P25) 很难理解这会有多刺激！ He taught me how to get my idea across. 他教我怎么把我的想法表达得让人能够理解。 We must get acros
13、s the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.我们必须弄清这个简单的事实：毒品是危险品。,get sth.across(to sb.)使(某事)被某人明白； 向某人传达某事 get aboutget aroundget round各处旅行(走动)；(消息、谣言等)传开 get along/on(with)进展(行)；相处 get over恢复过来；克服；战胜 get away(from)逃脱；逃离；离开；摆脱；离题；跑题 get through熬过(困境)；接通电话； 达到(标准)；通过(测试),The news of their secret wedd
14、ing soon got about/around/round.他们秘密结婚的消息很快就传开了。 Do you get along well with your aunt? 你和姑母相处得好吗？,7Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.(教材P26) 马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。 (1)in turn 轮流，依次，逐个地；反过来 The girls called out their names in turn. 那些女孩逐一报出她们的名字。 Interest rates were cut，and
15、 in turn，share prices rose. 利率降了，而股票价格涨了。,take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 wait ones turn to do sth.等候轮到某人做某事 take ones turn依次，轮到某人 by turns轮流，依次,You cant all do it together；youll have to take turns. 你们不能全体一齐上，你们得轮流做。 I felt cold and hot by turns.我感觉冷一阵热一阵的。,
16、(2)amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇) I am amazed by what you have told me. 我对你告诉我的那些感到惊愕。 Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married. 戴夫突然间结婚，令朋友们非常吃惊。,amazing adj.令人惊异的 amazed adj.感到惊奇的 amazement n惊奇；惊诧 to ones amazement令某人惊奇的是 in amazementwith amazement惊讶地,To my amazement，they seemed amazed at the amazing
17、 news，and looked at me in amazement. 让我吃惊的是，他们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时似乎大吃一惊，并惊讶地看着我。,8confuse vt.使困惑 He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.(教材P26) 他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。 I understand the text but the diagrams in it are confusing me. 我明白那篇课文的意思，但其中的图表让我感到困惑。,confuse A with B把A与B混淆
18、confusing adj.莫名其妙的，难以理解的 confused adj.糊涂的，迷乱的，混杂的 be confused about对感到困惑/迷惑 confusion n困惑，混乱,Im always confusing John with Paul. 我总是分不清约翰和保罗。 The instructions were very confusing and I couldnt understand them. 这些指示莫明其妙，我没有办法理解。 The little girl was very confused by all the noise and activity.那小女孩被这一
19、片吵闹和忙乱给弄糊涂了。,9break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发 Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town.(教材P26)他回到家乡后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。 My grandfather was still living in London when the World War broke out. 第二次世界大战爆发的时候，我祖父还住在伦敦。 Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? 大家都知道火灾发生时该做什么吗？,bre
20、ak in强行闯入；打断 break up破碎；解散；分手 break away from逃离；脱离 break down出故障，垮掉 break through突破；冲破 break off断开；中断；突然终止 break into强行闯入；突然开始,When the fire broke out，I broke into the house and broke through the thick smoke to find my son；finally we successfully escaped from the burning building. 火灾发生时，我闯进房子，冲破浓浓的烟
21、雾去找儿子，最后我们成功地逃离了烧着的大楼。,10too.to.太而不能 Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true.(教材P26) 尽管有许多人喜欢读他的书，可是他们中很多人认为马可的关于中国的故事太离奇了，不可信。 He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，还不能去上学。 The box is too heavy for me to carry. 箱子太沉
22、，我搬不动。,cant/can never.too.意为“再也不过分”。 too.to.结构常可转换为“soadj./adv.thatclause”结构。 在too.to.结构中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容词，则该结构不表否定意义。,You cant be too careful to cross the street. 过马路时你一定要非常小心。 He is too old to do that work. He is so old that he cant do that work. 他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。 Im too glad t
23、o see you again. 再次见到你我很高兴。,【答案】 Its never too late to learn. The old man is too easy to get along with. It was too hot a day for us to work.,11quantity n数量；量 He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.(教材P27) 他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。 There is only a small quantity of wine left. 只剩下很少一点酒了。,
24、quantity and quality数量和质量 a large/small quantity of大/少量的 quantities of大量，许多的 in quantity/quantities大量地，很多,It was a bad year for new films，in terms of both quantity and quality. 今年的新电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。 A large/vast quantity of beer was sold. 售出了大量的啤酒。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table.
25、许多食品被摊放在桌子上。 【提示】 “a quantity ofn.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。,观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。 He travelled across Europe and Asia with his father，who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. There were inventions and developments in Chin
26、a which were not available in Europe at that time.,Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World，which became one of the bestselling books in Europe.,自我总结 以上四句均含有定语从句
27、，引导词分别为 。其中句的引导词前有逗号将主句和从句隔开，这种定语从句称为 。句的主句和从句无逗号隔开，这种定语从句称为 【答案】 who；which；who；which 非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述 1限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。,2非限制性定语从句
28、是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。,二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别： 1标点的运用有所不同 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? 站在树下的那个女孩是谁？ He is a teacher of much k
29、nowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。,2从句的作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在这条黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以向其求助的人。 Alice received a letter
30、from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她的以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。,3关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。,He did
31、nt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didnt give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 4从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。,This is the be
32、st book that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。 He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected. 他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。 5关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。,I still remember the days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日
33、子。(we前省略了that/which) She is not the one(that) she used to be. 她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语) 6英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。,Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may
34、be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。,三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 1as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。 2as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句只能位于先行词之后。,3as引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这，那”。 She is always working hard，as everyone can see. 正如
35、大家所看到的，她工作一直都很努力。 She is working hard，which everyone can see. 她工作一直都很努力，这是大家有目共睹的。 As we all know，smoking is harmful to ones health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 The book，which I bought yesterday，is very instructive.我昨天买的那本书很有教育意义。,.单项填空 1(2012陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehe
36、ad，because the airconditioning system . Abroke in Bbroke up Cbroke out Dbroke down,【解析】 break in闯入；break up打破，打碎，解散，结束；break out(战争、火灾等)发生；break down(机器)发生故障，(计划、谈判等)失败。由主句中pause from time to time to wipe the sweat可知此处是指空调出故障，故选D项。本题句意为：他不得不时常停下来擦擦额头上的汗，因为空调系统出故障了。 【答案】 D,【解析】 句意：博物馆将在春季开放，届时将有一个展览，
37、还有一个观光平台，在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖房。分析句子结构可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句，a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导，所以正确答案为B项。 【答案】 B,3(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom 【解析】 句意：约翰邀请了大约40个人参加他的婚礼，大部分人
38、是家庭成员。由前后两个句子之间没有连接词可首先把A项排除。B、C、D三项都可引导定语从句，但that不能放在介词of之后，故排除。which引导定语从句时，表示物，不符合题意，也排除。most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定语从句中作主语，所以答案为D。 【答案】 D,4(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come tru
39、e. Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 【解析】 句意：莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D项。 【答案】 D,【解析】 句意：正如被发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在人生的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那个时期和孩子多说话。该题解题的关键是理顺句子结构。空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句，B和D可排除。空格处的关系词指代a lot of language learning is happening in the first y
40、ear of life这个句子。指代某个句子时，as引导的非限制性定语从句可后指或前指，而which引导的从句只能前指。此处为后指，因此A项正确。 【答案】 A,6(2012江苏高考)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive. Awhich Bwho Cwhere Dwhat 【解析】 根据定语从句的“urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to su
41、rvive”可知，需要干净的水、药品和避难所的是人(people)，而不是that area或flooding，所以先行词为人，A项也可排除，故选B。 【答案】 B,7(2012江西高考)By 16：30， was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold. Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 【解析】 句意：到了16：30，差不多是关门的时间了，几乎所有的画都卖完了。定语从句缺少主语，使用关系代词which引导。when是关系副词；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 【答案】
42、A,8(2012全国卷)That evening, I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen 【解析】 句意：那天晚上我一直工作到很晚，我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。本题中两个逗号之间的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词that evening。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项what不能引导定语从句；D项when在从句中作状语，不能作宾语。 【答案】 B,9(2012陕西高考)It is the third time th
43、at she has won the race， has surprised us all. Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat 【解析】 句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们都很吃惊。由逗号可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故排除A、D两项，因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句；另外，该从句缺少主语，故排除B项；只有关系代词which符合题目要求，which指代前面整个句子。 【答案】 C,10(2013浙江高考)The children， had played the whole day long，were worn out. Aall of what Ball of which Call of them Dall of whom 【解析】 句意：孩子们玩了一整天，都累坏了。分析句子结构可知， had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句，先行词children指人，故排除A、B、C三项。所以正确答案为D项。 【答案】 D,
