1、Shipping、Trading and Chartering and Terms Definitions国际贸易、航运和租船条款解说(E-F)Terms Definitions术语 注释EEdge Protector An angle piece fitted over the edge of boxes, crates, bundles and other packages to prevent the pressure from metal bands or other types from cutting into the package.护角。一种固定在箱状包装体上保护其不受到金属或
2、其他材质物体的压力和切割EDIFACT -International data interchange standards sponsored by the United Nations.(See UN/EDIFACT) 联合国数据交换标准-Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport管理、商务与运输电子数据交换（标准格式系统）Electronic Data Interface (EDI) -Generic term for transmission of transactional data be
3、tween computer systems. EDI is typically via a batched transmission, usually conforming to consistent standars.电子数据接口，计算机系统之间数据传输的标准-Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Elevating -A charge for services performed in connection with floating elevators.浮吊费。一种浮吊服务费-Charges assessed for the handling of gra
4、in through grain elevators.输送费, 用输送机/带操作粮食/散货的费用Elkins Act An act of congress(1903)prohibiting rebates, concession, misbilling, etc. and providing specific penalties for such violations. 反回扣、降价、倒签提单的航运公会条例。一个（成立于 1903 年的）反回扣、降价、倒签提单的航运公会条例，规定了对违规行为的处罚细节（条款）Embargo A prohibition upon exports or impor
5、ts, either with specific products or specific countries禁运、封港。对某些国家或某些产品进出口禁运Eminent Domain The sovereign power to take property for a necessary public use, with reasonablecompensation 国家征用权。国家因公共需要对财产有偿的支配、征用权Empty Depot A container yard used for the storage of empty containers. 集装箱空箱堆场。用来堆存空集装箱的堆场E
6、ndorsement A legal signature usually placed on the reverse of a draft; signifies transfer of rights from the holder to another party.背书，批准，签注。通常签署在汇票背面的（具有）法律意义的签字；表示权利从持有人转移给另一方。Entry Customs documents required to clear an import shipment for entry into the general commerce of a country.清关（通关）文件。进口
7、货物进入普通贸易国所需的清关文件（单证）。Entry Form The document that must be filed with Customs to obtain the release of imported goods and to allow collection of duties and statistics. Also called a Customs Entry Form or Entry进口报关(单) 。为了获得进口货物放行和对其征税、统计必须向海关填报的文件。也称为：海关进口报关(单)或进口(单)Equalization A monetary allowance t
8、o the customer for picking up or delivering at a point other than the destination shown on the bill of lading. This provision is covered by tariff publication.等价条款，允许客户（发货人/收货人）以同样价格在提单注明的目的地以外的地点提取或交付货物。规定在公布价格表中注明。Equipment The type of material used, 20 feet dry, 40 feetcontainer, open top,. 设备，各种
9、类型的集装箱。（特指）各种类型的集装箱Equipment Interchange Receipt (EIR) A document transperring a container from one carrier to another, or to/from a terminal.（集装箱）设备交接单，承运人之间或堆场直接交接集装箱的单据Estimated time of availability. That time when a tractor/partner carrier is available for dispatch拖车/拖轮、支线船预计离港( 开航、驶离)时间Euronorm
10、s 欧洲标准European Agreement concerning the work of vehicles engaged in crews of international road transport 从事国际公路运输车辆从业人员工作的欧洲协定European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous 欧洲危险货物运输协定Ex-“From” When used in pricing terms such as “Ex Factory”or“Ex Dock”, it signifies that the p
11、rice quote applies only at the point of origin indicated.当“from”用于价格条款如 “Ex Factory”或 “Ex Dock”时，意味价格只包括了标明的地点Exception Notations made when the cargo is received at the carriers terminal or loaded aboard a vessel. They show any irregularities in packaging or actual or suspected damage to the cargo.
12、Exceptions are then noted on the bill of lading.“异议”批注，当在承运人码头交货或装船时的船方批注。批注注明了包的问题或表面的残损。批注内容会在提单上体现(有了这样的批注，提单就成为“不清洁提单”)Exclusive Patronage Agreements A shipper agrees to use only a conferences member liner firms in return for a 10 to 15 percent rate reduction特别运价协议, 约价运费率。为了获取 10到 15的运价优惠，发货人同意(
13、与承运人达成)只使用公会班轮 (的协议 )EXIM Bank Export-Import Bank of the United States. Anindependent US Government Agency whichfacilitates exports of U.S. goods by providing loan guarantees and insurance for repayment of bank-provided export credit.美国进出口银行。一个独立的政府机构，为促进美国货物出口提供贷款、担保、保险及信贷。Expediting Determining wh
14、ere an in-transit shipment is and attempting to speed up its delivery加速配送。确定内陆交货地点并努力加速交付Expiry Date Issued in connection with documents such as letters of credit, tariffs etc. to advise that stated provisions will expire at a certain time.有效期，签注在相关的文件中,如：信用证、运价表（关税表）等，提示期满的日期Export Declaration A go
15、vernment document declaring designated goods to be shipped out of the country. To be completed by the exporter and filed with the Government.出口申报单，（向政府）申报指定的货物出口。由发货人填制并由政府备案Export license A government document which permits the “Licensee”to engage in the export of designated goods to certaindestina
16、tions.出口许可证，一种政府文件，允许持有人从事指定货物出口到某些地方的业务。Empty Repo Contraction for Empty Repositioning.集装箱还箱单（还箱合同）En route Along the route of movement. 在航，在途中 Exception Rate A deviation from the class rate; changes(exceptions) made to the classification 特别费率。与运价表不同的特别运价率Ex-“From” When used in pricing terms such a
17、s “Ex Factory”or“Ex Dock”, it signifies that the price quote applies only at the point of origin indicated.当“from”用于价格条款如 “Ex Factory”或 “Ex Dock”时，意味价格只包括了标明的地点Export Rate A rate published on traffic moving from an interior point to a port for transshipment to a foreign country.内陆出口转运费率，公布于运价表上的从内陆点
18、到港口的转船出口的内陆费率Export Sales Contract The initial document in any intenational trade transaction; it details the specifics of the sales agreement between the buyer and seller 出口销售合同。国际贸易活动中的基本文件；它列明了买卖双方销售协议的具体细节FFactor A factor is an agent who will, at a discount (usually 5 to 8% of the gross), buy re
19、ceivables代理折扣因素，一种能让代理商能接受/购买的折扣(通常是总价的 58)因素 FAL(1965) Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1965,as amended经修正的 1965 年便利国际海上运输公约Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1965.FALPRO special Programme on Trade Facilitation便利贸易特别项目，简化贸易手续特别计划 1965 年国际便利海上运输公约（1967 生效）Fals
20、e Billing Misrepresenting freight or weight on shipping documents. 伪造单据，错误单据，伪造海运单据上的运费或重量Feeder service Cargo to/from regional ports are transperred to/from a central hub port for a long-haul ocean voyage. 支线服务，支线运输。将地方小港的货物转运或送到中心大港远洋运输，将中心大港的货物转运到地方小港的服务Feeder vessel/ship A short-sea vessel which
21、 transfers cargo between a central “hub”port and smaller “spoke”ports.支线船。在中心大港和支线小港之间运送货物的短航线船舶Fender A cushion, placed between ships, or between ship and a pier, to prevent damage避碰垫，放在船与船之间或船与码头之间防止损害的设施FDEDANRSAOCLONL Freight deemed earned, discountless andnon-returnable(refundable) ship and or
22、cargo lost or not lost 运费已赚取，不可抵扣、不可返还，无论货物或船舶是否灭失Field Warehouse A warehouse that stores goods on the goodsowners property while the goods are under a bona fide public warehouse managers custody. The owner uses the public warehouse receipts as collateral for loan.抵押式仓储。存放货物为货物主人财产,由善意的公共仓库报管，货物主人用仓
23、库收据作为贷款的凭据的仓储方式Final Destination The place where the carrier or the forwarder actually turns over the container or cargo to the consignee or their agent. It is the end of liability of carriers or forwarders.最终交货地点。承运人或运输业主向收货人或他的代理实际交货的地方。是承运人或运输业主运输义务结束的地方。First refusal First attempt at best offer
24、that can be matched （租船）优价优先，优先权 （能接受的第一最优报价）Fixed cost Costs that do not fluctuate with the business volume in the short run固定成本。短期内不会因业务量浮动的成本Fixed Quantity Inventory Model A setup wherein a company orders the same(fixed)quantity each time it places an order for an item固定存量模式。一个公司在对一种(货物)下订单时每次都订相
25、同的量，（供应商为此）设立固定存量模式 Fixing Chartering a vessel 租用船舶Fixture Conclusion of shipbrokers negotiations to charter a ship an agreement 租船确认书。完成租船经纪谈判后的确认书，协议Flash point (also FL,PT.) The lowest temperature at which a good produces enough vapour to form a flammable mixture with air.闪（燃）点，燃点。货物产生足够气体与空气形成易燃
26、气体的最低温度。（危险品运输用语）Flat bed container A container with no sides and frame members at the front and rear. Container can be loaded from the sides and top.平板集装箱。没有前后侧围板和框架，可以从边上或顶上装卸货物的集装箱Flat car A rail car without a roof and walls （铁路）平板车皮。没有顶棚和围板的铁路车皮Flat rack container A container with with two end w
27、alls and open sides. 挡板式集装箱。有两端挡板的集装箱。Flatpacking Cargo to be presented stacked and secured as an integral unit 完整提交货物。货物应当成件并完整提交Flexible-Path Equipment Materials handling devices that include hand trucks and forklift 灵便(装卸货物) 操作设备。货物操作装置，包括手推车和叉车Flow Rack A storage method where product is presente
28、d to picking operations at one end of a rack and replenished from the opposite end一进一出、流线式摆放货物法。将货物摆放成一端提取另一端补偿货物的流线式的货物存放法FONASBA The Federation of National Associations ofShipbrokers and Agents全国船舶经纪人和代理人协会联盟For-Hire Carrier A carrier that provides transportation service to the public on fee basis
29、 租船承运人。根据费用高低向社会提供运输服务的承运人(因为这样的承运人只控制、经营船舶而不拥有船舶，其船舶通常是租用的，所以运输市场的运价高低直接影响到他们提供运输服务费用 运价的变动和他们提供服务的意愿)Force Majeure Force of nature. The title of a common clause in contracts, exempting the parties for non-fulfillment of their obligations as a result of conditions beyond their control, such as eart
30、hquakes, floods or war.自然力（不可抗力）。合同中的常用条款。用于免除合同当事人因其不可控的原因没能履约的责任，如地震、水灾或战争Forwarder (Freight Forwarder)The party arranging the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of a shipper or consignee.货运代理人，运输业者，转运公司。代表发货人或收货人安排货物运输和/或包括相关服务的人Foul bill of lad
31、ing A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were damaged when received. Compare Clean Bill of Lading.批注提单，不清洁提单(相对于清洁提单)。由承运人签发、注明当接收货物时货物已残损的货物收据Four-Way Pallet A pallet designed so that the forks of a fork lift truck can be inserted from all four sides.四面托盘。一种叉车可以
32、四面叉起的托盘Free alongside ship Seller delivers cargoes to appropriate dock or terminal at port of embarkation and buyer covers costs and risks of loading.船边交货价格，卖方将货物交运到装货港的指定装船码头，买方承担装货的费用和风险Free Astray An astray shipment (A lost shipment that is found) sent to its proper destination without additional
33、 charge.绕航货物或共同海损货物免费。(因船方)绕航或共同海损(货物失而复得 )后送达目的地的货物免收附加费用Free Carrier A modern equivalent of FAS used in intermodal transport where goods are transferred at a nominated forwarders premises,depot or terminal but not actually on board vessel.货交承运人（价格）。相当与货交船边价格条款，用于联合运输，在此条款下货物被交给指定的运输商、码头或货场，但并未实际装船
34、Free dispatch If loading/discharging achieved sooner thanagreed, there will be no freight money returned.（即使速遣）免付速遣费。如果装卸货物比双方规定的速度/时间快，船方也不会返还任何运费。Free in and liner out Transport condition denoting that thefreight rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of discharging, the latter as per
35、the custom of the port. It excludes thecost of loading.租船人负责装船费，船东负责卸货费。表明运输费中包括了运费和卸货费用的运输条款。卸货费按照卸货港习惯。这个运费条款不包括装货费用 Free in and out It is a term used in ship-chartering whereby the owner of the ship is not responsible for any charges incurred in the ports of loading or discharging租船条款，在此条款下船东不负担在
36、装卸港的任何装卸费用Free of particular average A marine insurance term meaning that the assurer will not allow payment for partial loss or damage to cargo shipments except in certain circumstances, such as stranding, sinking, collision or fire.平安险/单独海损不赔，海上运输保险条款。保险人不赔货物灭失或残损，除非是因为特殊情况如：船舶搁浅、沉没、碰撞或火灾造成的货物残损或灭
37、失Free on board Shipped under a rate that includes costs of delivery to and the loading noto a carrier at a specified point.离岸价格。发货人将货物交到指定地点，装上承运人的船上并承担交货费用和装船费用Free out Cost of unloading a vessel is borned by the charterer/the receiver of cargoes 船方不负责卸货，租船人负担卸货费,租方/ 货物接收人承担卸船费用Free port A restrict
38、ed area at a seaport for the handling of duty-exempted import goods. Also called a Foreign Trade Zone.自由港，操作免税进口货物的海港限制区域，也称外贸区Free pratique Clearance by the health authorities 完成入港卫生检疫Free Sale Certificate The U.S. government does not issue certificate of free sale. However, the Food and Drug Admin
39、istration, Silver Spring, Maryland, will issue, upon request, a letter of comment t the U.S. manufacturers whose products are subject to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act or other acts administered by the agency. The letter can take the place of the certificate.销售证书，美国政府不会签发自由销售证书，但马里兰州和美国食品和药
40、物管理局会在提供美国产品委员会的证明，证明其货物符合美国食品、药物和化妆品管理法时，应要求签发自由销售证书。证明函可在证书签发地取得Free Storge Period A carrier offers a period of time, normally three to five days, at destinations whereby imported containers or cargoes are allowed to be taken delivery by consignees free of any storage charge. After the FSP, there
41、will be an overtime storage charge or demurrage levied by the carriers to the consignee. When bulk shipments are involved, the carriers are prepared to negotiate a longer FSP with the consignees.免费堆存期，免费使用期。承运人在目的港提供的进口集装箱或散装货物的免费堆存期，通常是35 天，这段时间提供给收货人办理提货手续。超过免费期，承运人将向收货人收取超时费或滞期费。如果涉及散装货物运输，承运人会与收
42、货人协商一个较长的免费期Free time That amount of time that a carriers equipment may be used without incurring additional charges before charges become applicable免收滞期费的装卸货时间。滞期费发生前一段(船东)允许( 租船人)用于装卸货物的时间。不会产生额外费用的承运人船舶设备使用时间Free trade zone A port designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of a
43、ny non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties.自由贸易区（保税区）。由一国政府指定的用于一切合法免税货物操作的港口（或地区）。在区内，货物可以免税储存、展览、加工等。Freeboard The minimum vertical distance from the surface of the water to the gunwale干舷。从水面到船舷上部最短的垂直
44、距离Freight Refers to either the cargo carried or the charges assessed for carriage of the cargo运费，运输，货物。既是指运输货物的运费也是指货物运输Freight all kind A system whereby freigjt is charged per container, irrespective of the nature of the cargoes, and not according to a Tariff.（均）同一费率，按集装箱计费，而不管货物的种类和货物的运费费率Or: Sing
45、le freight which is charged irrespective of the commodity.均一费率/统一费率。针对所有货物的运费率Freight bill A document issued by the carrier based on the bill of lading and other information; used to account for a shipment operationally, statistically, and financially. An invoice.运费清单/运费单，由承运人根据提单和其他信息签发的关于货物运输操作、统计
46、和金融等数据的文件，一种发票Freight collect Freight and charges to be paid by the consignee,receiver of the good.运费到付。运费和其他费用由收货人、收货的人支付Freight forward Money payable on delivery of cargo in amercantile condition. 运费由提货人支付。按贸易条款运费在交货时收取Freight forwarder A person whose business is to act as an agent on behalf of th
47、e shipper. A freight forwarder frequently make the booking reservation.货运代理，从事代表货主代理其运输业务的人或公司。货运代理人经常订舱Freight manifest Document which lists all amounts of money due for the carriage of the goods on a vessel.运费舱单，运费清单。 列明船舶所运货物应收款项金额的文件Freight prepaid Freight and charges to be paid by the shipper. 运费预付。由发货人支付运费和其他费用Freight Quotation A quotation from a carrier or forwarder covering the cost of t
