1、初中英语虚拟语气英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, well go fishing together. 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that fa
2、mous professor.（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句wish（would rather）+宾语从句suggest（）+宾语从句2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do表 语 从句 S+is that +s + (should) +do同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + didI. 含有条件状语从句的复
3、合句( 以 do 为例;S=主语)时间条件状语从句 主 句与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did S+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done S+would/should/could/might+have done与将来事实相反的假设 didIf+S should do S+would/should/could/might+dowere to do 注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词 had，should ，were 时，可以省去 If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语
4、形式应根据具体情况而定。3If there werent/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for= but for5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。一一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列 3 种：语境 条件从句 主句 例子1.与现在事实相反一般过去式：were/didwould/should/could/might + do(动词原形)If John had the ti
5、me, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.2.与将来事实相反(1). should+动词原形(2). 一般过去式：were/did(3)、were to+动词原形would/should/could/might + do（动词原形）If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.I
6、f you went there next time, you would see what I mean.3.与过去事实相反过去完成时：had+过去分词would/should/could/might+ have doneIf I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法1.虚拟语气的倒装： 将 if 去掉，谓语动词提前。如：If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up drinking.If I had arrived e
7、arlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David.2. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.（if 从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。）If I were you, I would have gone home.（if 从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。） 三虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise
8、 等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )+动词原形ask, move, propose 等注意：在此结构中 that 不可省略；should 省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop
9、 smoking.注意：* insist 有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时，that 从句用虚拟，如：He insists that we (should) go home now.当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that 从句用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.*suggest 也有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that 从句用虚拟语气，如：I suggest that we should go home now.当表示“暗示”时，that 从句用陈述语气。如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the
10、 money. 所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that 引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your h
11、omework.3、wish 的用法主句谓语动词 that 从句谓语动词 例子现在的愿望：wish/wishes 一般过去式:did 或 were I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。过去的愿望：wished 过去完成式:had done I wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)对将来的愿望：wish/wishes would/could +动词原形 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。注意：wish
12、与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rathe
13、r you didnt tell him.5、Its (high) time that+动词过去式或 should+动词原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action.虚拟语气练习题( )1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed( )2. The secretary sugge
14、sted that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring( )3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were( )4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened( )5. How I w
15、ish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try( )6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know(
16、)7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended( )8. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew ( )9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for y
17、ears. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been( )10. It is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum( )11 The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes( )12. B
18、ut for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeededC. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded( )13. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take( )14. She couldnt have
19、answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read( )15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go( )16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free im
20、mediately.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set( )17. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited( )18. It was essential that we_ lease（条约、合同） before the end of the month. A. sign B. signed C. had signed D
21、. were signing( )19. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone( )20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been( )21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. ha
22、d been( )22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm( )23. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told( )24. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he staye
23、d there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend( )25. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt( )26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start( )27. the Engli
24、sh examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for( )28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken( )29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few boo
25、ks on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read( )30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circlingII. Translation我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的话你会不
26、会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。4如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。 I. 1-5 CDDCB 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 BBADA21-25 DBACB 26-30 BBCAA 31-35 DBDCB 36-40 DCCCA 41-45 CDBCC II. 1I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.2He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.3- Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.4If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.5Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
