1、1第四单元知识点1.How do you go to get to school? 你怎样去学校?(1)本句是由疑问副词 how 提问的特殊疑问句。How:“如何,怎样,以何种方式,用什么手段”回答:1、直接用方式状语来回答,如:by bike“骑自行车”/by subway“乘地铁”/by boat“乘船”/on foot“步行”/on a bike“骑自行车”/in a car“坐小汽车” (by + 交通工具,in/on +冠词、物主代词或名词所有格+交通工具)2、用动词或者动词词组来回答,如:walk“步行” ,take a bus“乘公共汽车”ride a bike“骑自行车” ,d
2、rive a car“开车”等。练习:1、( )How do you go to the park ?A I go to school by bike . B I go to school by walk C Bike . D Walk2、 ( ) How does your mother go to work?A He go to work by bus . B She go to work by bus C She goes to work by bus .(2)询问去某地的交通方式,用 how 提问。除此之外,how 还可用以询问“程度,方法”等。翻译:How can I learn E
3、nglish better?How should I do?(3)get“到达”是不及物动词,若加宾语,后跟介词 to,get to +地点名词“到达某地” 例:1)I am the first one to get to the park. 2) Well get to Beijing at seven tonight.但当表示目的地词是副词 here,there,home 时,则后不需要跟介词 to,如:1).When do you get home every day? 2).I will get there on time.2.I ride my bike.我骑自行车。 这是对上文问交
4、通方式的答语,ride 为及物动词,意为“骑”其过去式为 rode,是不规则变化。Ride a bike(to school)意为“骑自行车(去上学) ”,可与 go (to shool)by bike 或go(to school)on a bike 互换,另外 ride a horse 意为“骑马” 。翻译:(1)Can you ride a horse?(2)骑车去上学 3.He takes the train.(1).“take+the+交通工具”用于表示“乘”,相当于“by+交通工具” 。1)take the bus 乘公共汽车 2)take a taxi 乘出租车 3)take th
5、e subway 乘地铁take a taxi(to the airport)=go(to the airport)by taxi 乘出租车去(机场)take the subway(home)= go(home)by subway 乘地铁去(回家) *表示交通方式的动词短语可用介词短语替换。例如:I usually ride a bike to school.=I usually go to school on a bike.我通常骑自行车上学。Mary often walks to work.= Mary often goes to work on foot.玛丽经常步行上班。 乘飞机 go
6、 there by plane=take a plane to there = fly to there翻译:乘火车_=_乘公交车_=_4It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus. 在此句中 take 为及物动词,意为“花费(时间) ”It takes sb some time to do sth.是固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”,it 是形式主语,不定式 to do 是真正的主语,如:It took me about two hours to do washing. 如果我们对这一宾语提问,就用 How lo
7、ng “多久”引导一个特殊疑问句。例:2-How long does it take you to do washing ? -It takes about fifteen minutes.翻译:It took me too much time to do the problem.5.How far is it form his home to school.他家离学校多远?How far 意为“多远” ,用以询问两地间的距离或路程的,还可以说成 how far away.如:How far(away)is it from A to B?从 A 到 B 有多远?或 How far(away)i
8、s B from A?即“B 离 A 有多远?”回答: Itsmeters/kilometers/miles(away).如:-How far is it from the airport to the hospital?= How far is the hospital form the airport?-Its about three kilometers(away).大约 3 千米。6.He gets up at six oclock every day,showers,and has a quick breakfast.他每天六点钟起床,淋浴,迅速吃早餐。(1)at six ocloc
9、k 意为“在六点钟” ,at 表示时间,其后接具体的点时刻。(2)showers 此处为动词 shower“淋浴”的第三人称单数形式,shower 还有名词词性 shower(v)=have a shower(n)(3)has a quick breakfast 意为“迅速的吃完早餐”have 在此处为动词“吃” ,相当于 eat。在英语中,表示“吃三餐” ,翻译:吃早餐_ 吃午餐 _吃晚餐_ 吃正餐_7Then he leaves for school at around six thirty.他大约 6:30 到学校。(1)leave 为动词,意为“离开” ,其后可直接加某地 leave,
10、意为“离开某地” ,此地点为出发地。例如:When did he leave home?他什么时候离开家的?Leave for意为“离开某地去/前往某地/到去”,其后接某地,此地点为目的地,而不强调出发地,如出发地、目的地,都要说明的话,则使用 leave A for B 意为“离开 A 地去 B 地” 。例如:He left Beijing for Chengdu yesterday.昨天他离开北京去上海了。(2)around 为副词,意为“大约” ,同义词为 about.例:there are around forty students in the classroom.8The bus
11、ride usually takes about 25 minutes.乘汽车通常花 25 分钟。Ride 在此处为名词,意为“(骑马或乘车等的)短途旅行,路程” ,go for a ride 意为“去兜风” , give sb a ride 意为“开车带某人一程”等。eg:Its a ten-minute bus ride form here to town.9.Tell Nina how to go to school.告诉妮娜怎样去学校。Tell 意为“说出,知道,判定”是及物动词,后跟名词/代词及从句做宾语。翻译:I cant tell what to do. I can tell w
12、here she lives.She cant tell which answer is right.*say ,talk, speak 均有“说”的意思,区别:(1)say 侧重的是说的内容。例如:I have a few words to say.我有几句话要说。Did you say anything?你说什么了吗?(2)talk 意为“谈话,交谈” ,兼有不及物动词和名词两种词性,常用 with 或 to 搭配。例如:Dont talk in class.不要在课堂上讲话。I want to talk with you.我想和你谈话。 (3)speak 意为“说话,讲话(在会上)发言,
13、说(某种语言)”例如:Hes going to speak at the meeting.他打算在会上发言。Can you speak English?11.Thomas wants to know what she thinks of the transportation.托马斯想知道她对交通的看法。(1)这是一个宾语从句,主句的主语是 Thomas,谓语部分为 wants to know,宾语是一个特殊疑问句,原形应为 what does she think of the transportation?但在宾语从句中,从句的语序不倒装,要改写成陈述句语序,其中特殊疑问词或词组仍在句首,位置
14、不变;另外,宾语从句的主、从句时态要一致。例如:Did he tell you where he went last night?他告诉你昨天他去哪儿了吗?(2)think of 意为“考虑,想” ,of 为介词,其后可接名词、代词或动名词做宾语,在表达“对有看法,觉得怎么样”的句型时,可与 think about 互换,其答语多为评价性语言。例如:-What do most students think of/about 3the movies?Interesting.很有意思。12.In North Amercia,most students go to school bus.在北美,大部
15、分学生坐校车上学(1)North Amercia 意为“北美” ,是美洲特有的一个地区,是专有名词,故实词的第一个字母都会大写。如:South Africa 南非 。而“美国的北部”the norh of America,不是专有名词,故 north 第一个字母不需要大写,可以指任何国家或地区的北部。(2)most students 意为“大多数学生” ,most 前不加冠词,做代词时,表示“大多数”后面常接表示范围的 of 介词短语,most 的单复数概念取决于 of 后面的名词,谓语动词根据 of 后的名词来决定。例:Most of us are going to the field tr
16、ip.我们大多数人要去郊游。(3)on the school bus 为介词短语,意为“乘坐校车” ,表示交通方式,相当于 by bus,但比 by bus 更具体。例如:I went to school by bike this morning./ I went to school on my new white bike this morning.13.In Japan,most students take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes.在日本,虽然也有些学生步行或骑自行车去上学,但是大多数学
17、生都乘火车去上学。(1)although 连词 意为“虽然,尽管” 与 though 意义相同,引导让步状语从句。在英语中 although 不可与 but 连用,不能在复合句中出现,即用了 although(虽然)就不能用 but(但是) ,二者只能选其一。类似的还有 because(因为)和 so(所以)(2) also 为副词,意为“也,还”用于肯定句中,行为动词之前 be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后,其同义词为 too/either.too用于肯定句、一般疑问句句尾;either 用于否定句句尾。Also 非常正式,too 和 either 比较口语化14. In china,it d
18、epends on where you are.在中国,那取决于你在哪儿?(1)本句含有有一个宾语从句,it 是主语,谓语是 depends on,其宾语为完整的句子 where you are。 (2)depend on 意为“取决于,以而定,受的影响” ,介词 on 还可以用 upon,其后常接名词或代词做宾语。例如:whether well need more food depends on how many pople turn up.我们可能还需要些食物,还要看到场的人数. depend on/upon sb/sth 还意为“需要 依靠” ,可与 for sth 连用。例如:I do
19、nt want to depend too much on my parents. 我不想过多的依靠父母。15.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!那一定比乘公汽更有意思。(1)这是一个含有 than(比)的表示比较的句子,than 作为连词,表示 “比怎么样” ,是比较级的标志,句中要用形容词或副词的比较级。例如:The boy is taller than you.这个男孩比你高。(2)fun 在此句中为形容词,意为“有意思的,有趣的,使人快乐的”比较级为 more fun.一般情况下,多音节的形容词(一个音词中,有几个元音字母就有几
20、个音节,但是结尾的一个 E 不算,几个元音字母连在一起的,只算一个,单个辅音字母与一个元音就是一个音节.如 beautiful,capable,comfortable,interesting)和部分双音节的形容词及大多副词在变为比较级或最高级时,在原词前加 more 或 most,而单音节的形容词变比较级或最高级时,在原词尾加 er 或 est。但也有少数个别单音节形容词在变为比较级或最高级时,在原级前加 more 或 most.练习:写出下列形容词的比较级Popular_ important _ difficult _(3)a lot 副词短语“得多”用于修饰形容词的比较级,类似的有 eve
21、n“甚至” ,much“得多”等等,其后只能修饰形容词或副词的比较级。另外,a little 意为“一点儿” ,既可以修饰形容词、副词的原级,也可以修饰其比较级。例:The boy is a litte shorter than you.这个男孩比你矮一点。(4)must 为情态动词,在本句中意为“一定” ,与 be 动词原形连用表示十分肯定的推测。在表示推测、判断时,用 may be“也许是,或许是,可能是” ,但若要表示否定判断时,用 cant be“不可能是” 。例如:That cant be Mr Black.I saw him in the library just now.那不可能
22、是布莱克先生,刚才我看见他在图书馆里。/Li Ming cant forget my name.李明不可能忘记我的名字。16.not all 意为“不是所有的” ,表示不完全否定,即部分否定。类此的用法 not both“两个不都是”,not every“不是每一个”等。而 none“没有一个” ,no“没有” ,not any/a/an“没有任何一个”等,表示完全否定,即全部否定。例如:No students fly to school.没有学生乘飞机上学。17.means“方式,方法,手段” ,其单复数同形,类似词还很多,比如:sheep“绵羊”deer“鹿” ,Chinese“中国人”J
23、apanese“日本人” “people”人们等.翻译:by means of taking the bus 419.A small number of students take the subway.少数学生乘地铁。a number of 意为“若干,一些” ,相当于 some,但只修饰可数名词复数,且谓语动词用复数形式。number 前可用small,large 等词修饰,a small number of 意为“少量的” , a large number of 意为“大量的” ,其用法不变。例:A large number of people like this picture.很多人
24、喜欢这幅画。*the number of 与 a number of 只有一词之差,但意义及用法却完全不同。the number of 意为“的数目/总数” ,其后接可数名词复数,但谓语动词为单数形式。例:The number of the new books is 100.新书的数目是 100 本。/ A number of students go to the net bar every day.每天都有许多学生去网吧。20.Other parts of the world are different form the United States.(1)other 表示“别的,其他的” ,
25、常用于修饰名词。例:Some students are watering the flowers,and other students are cleaning.一些学生在浇花,而另一些在打扫卫生。(2)other 还常与定冠词连用,构成 onethe other结构,意为“(两者或两部分中的)一个另一个” 。例如:Tom is here, but the other boys are out.汤姆在这里,但其余的男孩都出去了。(3)be different form意为“与不同”其反义词组为 be the sameas意为“与是相同的”21.When it rains I take a ta
26、xi.天下雨的时候,我乘出租车。这是一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句,句中 when 意为“当时候” 。在句中做状语的句子叫状语从句,可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果等。引导时间状语从句的词除了 when 外,还有 while(当时),since(自从),until(直到之时),before(在之前),after(在之后)等,表示主从句动作发生的前后关系,主从句时态要一致。若主句为一般将来时、祈使句或由情态动词做谓语的句子,从句用一般现在时。例如:Ill call you when he comes back.他回来的时候,我会打电话给你。22.I need to see my
27、friends.我需要去看我的朋友。(1)need 在此句中做实义动词(行为动词) ,意为“需要” ,need to do sth 意为“需要做某事” 。Need 做实义动词,其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语。例如:Do you need any help?你需要帮忙吗?need 做情态动词,意为“需要” ,其后加动词原形,表示没有必要或询问是否有必要,多用于否定句和疑问句中。例如:You neednt finish that work today.你不必今天做完那项工作。 (2)see sb 在此句中意为“看望某人,拜访某人” ,可与 visit sb 互换。Visit 后接地点名词,表
28、示“参观某地” 。但 see 做“看望”之意,其后不能接地点名词。22.I hav a map but its in Chinese and I only speak English.我有一张地图,但是中文的,我只会讲英语。in Chinese 意为“用汉语/用中文” ,再次用法中,介词 in 用于表示使用的语言材料等。例:She wrote in pencil.她用铅笔写字。23.Dont worry.别担心。(1)Worry 此处为动词,意为“担心,担忧,发愁” ,接宾语时,需加介词 about 或 over。Worry about/over意为“担心” 。例:Hes always wor
29、rying about his weight.(2)worry 的过去分词是 worried,也可做形容词,意为“担心的,忧愁的,发愁的”短语 be worried about “为担心”例:Im not worried about her,she can take care of herself.我不为她担心,她能照顾自己。24.Let me look at your map.让我看看你的地图。(1)Let 为及物动词,意为“让,允许” ,Let sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事” 。如:Let me show you,please!make sb do sth 意为“使得某人做某事”
30、These healty habits make me study better(2).look 作为不及物动词,搭配 look at“看着”使用,强调看的动作,have a look at 看一看(3)see 作为行为动词,有“看见,看到”意思,强调看到的结果。 (4)watch 作为动词,有“观看,观察,看,注视”之意,多指“观看比赛,电视节目”也可以指“注视,留意某人或某物的一举一动”25.If you have a problem ,you can如果你有问题,你可以本句由 if 引导的条件状语从句,if 在句中意为“如果” ,其时态变化与时间状语类似,主、从句时态要一致。若主句为一般
31、将来时或祈使句及有部分情态动词存在的句子时,条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。5if 作为连词,意为“是否” ,引导宾语从句,用于 ask,know,find,out,wonder(想知道)等词之后,引出两个或两个以上的可能性之一,同义词 whether.例如:He couldnt tell if she was laughing or crying.练习1.I often spend as much time as I can my lessons.A.prepare B.to p
32、repareC.preparing D.have prepared 2.Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?Yes.It happened when I past the museum.A.walk B.am walkingC.will walk D.was walking3.Its up to you to decide _youll go there,by air or by road.A.how B.whyC.that D.when4Excuse me,sir. is it to the nearest hotel?About 15 mi
33、nuteswalk along the road.A.How much B.How soonC.How far D.How long5.How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?Im going there my car.A.by B.inC.to D.on6.Tim goes to school _every day.It takes 5 minutes walk(步行 5 分钟的路程)from his home to school.A.in a bus B.by plane C.on foot D.by boat7 Z
34、hang Ping is _ Chinese. She lives in _ city of Beijing. the; the B. the; a C. the; / D. a; the 8 Heres a map _ part _ China. of; for B. of; in C. from; to D. of; of9. His math is poor, you must _ him.A. try help B. trying to help C. try to helps D. try to help10. There is _ with the boys eyes. He ca
35、nt see anything.A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong things D. wrong something11. He thought _ going to Greece or Canada, but finally decided _Canada.A. about; on B. about; in C. of; at D. /; about- How do you get to school? - I _ to school.A. by bus B. on the bus C. take the bus D. take bus
36、12. I am too tired and I want to stop _ a good rest.A. have B. had C. having D. to have13. _ Mr Green is not in good health these days, _ he works hard.A. Because; so B. because;/ C. Although; but D. Although; /24. -You are late. Whats the matter? -I didnt get up _ eight oclock.6A. at B. for C. when
37、 D. untilII. 根据句意和汉语提示完成单词拼写:1.It takes Mary 35 minutes to get to school by s .2.Its about 500 k from Qingdao to Jinan.3.After a q breakfast,he went to school in a hurry.4.I dont have a car.I have to d on the buses.5.Could you show me the places in the m ?6.My home is near.I (步行 )to school.7.Li Lei
38、(乘地铁)to school every day.8.His father often goes to Shanghai (坐飞机). 9.If you dont want to be late,youd better (乘出租车).10. (骑自行车)to work is good for our health,I think.III 翻译1.骑车去上学 2.坐地铁去上班 3.步行去公园 4.乘公共汽车回家5.前往学校 6.依靠,依赖7.到达 8.多远9.多长时间 10.思考、考虑IV. 按要求变化下列各句: 1. It is ten kilometers from here to her
39、home. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ from here to her home?2. Rueben gets up at six in the morning. (改为一般疑问句)_ Rueben _ _ at six in the morning?3. My father is a worker. (对划线部分提问)_ _ your father _?4. Kate sits under the tree. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Kate _?5. Lin Tao does his homework in the evening. (改为否定句)Li Tao _ _ his h
40、omework in the evening.6. My sister likes her work. (改为否定句)My sister _ _ her work. 7. Li Lei often does some cleaning after supper. (改为一般疑问句)_ Li Lei often _ _ cleaning after supper?8. The man over there is a doctor. (对划线部分提问)_ _ the man over there?9. My father usually takes a walk after supper.(对划线部分提问)_ _ your father usually _ after supper?10. John lives on the fifteenth floor. (对划线部分提问)_ _ _ John _ on