1、第三篇 中考题型实战第 36 课 阅读理解解题策略方法中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人。体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。一、阅读理解题主要考查方面1. 文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，
2、对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或相应的解释。2. 文章的某细节或情节。3. 文章的主题。4. 文章的背景知识。5. 文章的结论或结局。6. 文章内含的隐义或寓意。二、阅读理解题的主要题型1. 具体信息这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。2. 语义理解题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。3. 逻辑推理这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理
3、解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。4. 归纳概括要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title） 、主题（ main idea） 、结论（conclusion） 、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。5. 词义判断要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。三、阅读理解题采取的策略与方法在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目
4、的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有扫读、略读、细读等。1. 扫读：是一种快速阅读，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。2. 略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些内容不读，取出短文中的关键性内容。3. 细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括：（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。4. 扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。5. 带问题阅读：先浏览短文后
5、面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。6. 根据上下文猜测词义：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词义。7. 阅读标题：文章的标题往往是文章主题的高度概括，能给读者以启发和想象。8. 阅读首尾两段和每一段的首句（主题句） ，了解大意：抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。也有些文章没有主题句，需要考生自己归纳。当堂检测A（2017绍兴市柯桥区模拟）Its meaningful to volunteer. Our world needs love and help. If everyone is ready t
6、o volunteer, the world will become better. If youre a middle school student, come and join us.Raising Money ClubTime: Saturdays and SundaysJobs: Try to raise money for poor students in the villages by selling old books or clothes.Requirements: Be free on weekends and kind enough.Clean-up ClubTime: E
7、very Friday morningJobs: Help to clean up our city parks, city streets or city rivers to make our city cleaner and more beautiful.Requirements: Love cleaning and never be afraid of getting dirty.Giving a Hand ClubTime: After school very afternoonJobs: Help the disabled people carry their bags, take
8、them to cross the roads or show them the way.Requirements: Get on well with disabled people and know how to travel around our city.Cheering Up Old People ClubTime: Every SaturdayJobs: Volunteer in an old peoples home in our city by singing, dancing or telling stories to old people there.Requirements
9、: Be good with old people and have your own talents.（ ）1. If youre free only on Friday morning, you can join .A. Raising Money ClubB. Clean-up ClubC. Giving a Hand ClubD. Cheering Up Old People Club（ ）2. Jim is a member of Raising Money Club, he can volunteer by .A. cleaning up the city parksB. help
10、ing others carry bagsC. cheering the old people upD. selling old books and clothes（ ）3. The purpose of writing the poster is .A. to tell students about different clubsB. to make students be much more talentedC. to interest students to create more clubsD. to encourage students to help people moreB（20
11、17宁波市鄞州区模拟）My mother comes up to my room and tells me that my father has got a new job. Thats why were moving. “Dont you want to know where were going?” she asks. “Not really,” I say. She tells me anyway. I pretend not to listen.Every day my parents tell me something about the town that will become
12、our new home. There is a statue（雕塑） honoring hero, a strawberry festival every year and the mayor（市长） used to be a professional football player. There are oak trees in our new neighborhood, just like the one in our yard. Pictures of these begin to fill in my mind. I start wondering what it might be
13、like to live in such a town. On the day before we leave, I walk in the direction as if I were going to school. When I see the tiny old lady, I tell her goodbye, and she tells me to carry an umbrella when it rains. Her tiny dog holds out a tiny paw to shake my hand. The man at the newspaper store sha
14、kes my hand, too. The twins wave to me as they get on the bus. I go home, walking slowly through streets lined with oak trees.A large truck is parked in front of our house. The movers are carrying boxes while my parents are putting suitcases into our car. Soon our house will be empty, but not for lo
15、ng. I know that somewhere there are parents telling their children about a new town filled with oak trees, a place where they will meet nice people.（ ）1. The writer is moving to a new place because .A. he doesnt like his school any moreB. his father has had new work thereC. their neighborhood isnt b
16、eautiful enoughD. his parents has bought a new big house there（ ）2. The reason that the writers parents tell him something about the town they are going to move to is .A. to remind him to say goodbye to his classmatesB. to let him forget all about moving houseC. to help him stop worrying about the n
17、ew homeD. to make him decide whether to move house or not（ ）3. Why does the writer take a walk on the day before the family moves?A. To say goodbye to what has been familiar（熟悉） to him.B. To visit the statue in the middle of town.C. To see if the same people are still in the same places.D. To be awa
18、y from home when the movers come.（ ）4. From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, we can infer（推测） that .A. like the people in the writers neighborhood, most people dont enjoy their homesB. like the writers home, every family has its storiesC. like the writers father, parents often get a new job easilyD. like the writer, other children may worry about moving house, too参 考 答 案当堂检测A：13. BDDB：14. BCAD
