1、机械工程专业英语一、 将下列单词译成汉语1. Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学）2. configuration（外形，构造，结构）3. displacement（位移）4. velocity（速度）5. acceleration（加速度）6. gear（齿轮）7. sprocket（链轮）8. pulley（带轮）9. kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）10.kinematician（运动）11.cam 凸轮12.camshaft 凸轮轴13.accuracy 精度14.dependability 可靠性15.pulley 滑轮16.flywheel 飞
2、轮17.crank 曲柄18.sprocket 链轮19.axle 心轴20.spindle 主轴21.clutche 离合器22.brake 制动23.shaper 牛头刨床24.planer 龙门刨25.pulley 皮带轮26.flywheel 飞轮27.spindle 轴28.clutche 离合器29.crank 曲柄30.sprocket 链轮31.axle 车轴32.brake 制动33.warpage 配气机构34.coolant 冷却剂二、将下列词组译成汉语1. kinematic chain（运动链）2. skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）3. Gear
3、 system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）4. uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）5. nonlinear motion（非线性运动）6. kinematic analysis（运动分析）7. schematic diagram（运动简图）8. textile machinery（纺织机械）9. Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/ 运动合成）10.machine design（机械设计）11.Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/ 凸
4、轮机构）12.dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/ 惯性力/静力）13.relative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/ 绝对速度）14.angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度 /向心加速度/速度矢量）15.binary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）16.the base circle（基圆）17.the pitch cu
5、rve（啮合曲线）18.the contact force（接触力）19.the intermittent motion（间歇运动）20.the common normal（公法线）21.the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）22.the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）23.the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）24.the spur gear（直齿轮）25.the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）26.the face gear（端面齿轮）27.the radial distance（径向距离）28.the addend
6、um circle（齿顶圆）29.The tooth thickness（齿厚）30.the tooth space（齿间隙）31.the cap screws（螺钉）32.the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）33.the engineering graphics（工程力学）34.mechanical design（机械设计）35.the installation techniques（安装技术）36.the bolted joint（螺栓连接）37.the hardened washers（强化垫圈）38.the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）39.the modul
7、us of elasticity（弹性模量）40.the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）41.the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）42.the rolling contact （滚动接触）43.the sliding contact（滑动触电）44.the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）45.the machining tolerances（加工公差）46.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）47.the radial loads（径向负荷）48.the thrust loads 逆负荷49.the ball bearin
8、g 球轴承50.the roller bearing 滚子轴承51.the single-row bearings 单沟轴承52.the double-row bearing 双沟轴承53.the needle bearing 滚针轴承54.the bearing life 轴承寿命55.The rating life 额定寿命56.the axis of rotation 旋转轴57.The helix angle 螺旋角58.a right-hand helix 右旋59.a left-hand helix 左旋60.an involute helicoids 螺旋面61.an invol
9、ute curve 渐开线62.the shaft centerlines 轴中心线63.worm gear 蜗轮64.the hypoid gear 准双曲面齿轮65.right angle 直角66.worm gearing 蜗杆传动67.the lead angle 导角68.shaft angle 轴线角度69.bending load 弯曲载荷70.tension load 张力负荷pression load 压缩负载72.torsional load 扭转负荷73.the bending moment 弯矩74.the bending stress 弯曲应力75.the shot
10、peening 喷丸法76.the actuating force 工作力77.the coefficient of friction 摩擦系数78.An electromagnetic coil 电磁线圈79.the magnetic circuit 磁路 80.the design specifications 中国设计规范81.the industrial engineering 工业工程82.the machining industry 加工行业83.the machine shops 机器商店84.machine tool 机床85.angular displacements 角位移
11、86.The electric motor 电机87.transmission Linkage 传输连接88.the cutting force 切削力89.the static loads 静态负荷90.the dynamic loads 动态载荷91.the grinding wheel 砂轮92.lubricating oil 润滑油93.the cutting fluids 切削液94.protective guards 防护装置95.the cutting tool 刀具96.the range of feeds 进给量97.engine lathes 普通车床98.turret l
12、athes 六角车床99.the boring machine 镗床100. the drilling machines 钻床101. the milling machines 铣床102. the broaching machines 绞孔机；拉床103. the sawing machines 锯床104. the cylindrical grinder 外圆磨床105. the centreless grinders 无心磨床106. the surface grinders 平面磨床107. the chemical milling 铣削108. the ultrasonic mach
13、ining 超声波加工109. a tool holder 刀架110. a compound rest 复式刀架111. the feed screw 丝杆112. the feed rod 光杆113. The feed box 进给箱114. power feed 进给115. the full depth 大切削深度116. thread cutting 螺纹切削117. a chasing dial 螺纹指示盘118. the forward stroke 冲程119. the return stroke 回程120. the clapper box 摆动刀架121. the hyd
14、raulic shaper 液压牛头刨床122. the universal machines 通用机械123. universal joints 万向节124. Tracer milling 仿形铣125. the master pattern 模型126. the acceleration of gravity 重力加速度127. conducting material 导电材料128. non-conducting material 绝缘材料三、 将下列短语译成汉语1. Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2. constrained kinematic
15、 chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/ 非约束运动链）3. closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4. four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5. slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6. internal combustion engine（内燃机）7. the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8. degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9. kinematic a
16、nalysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.input angular velocity（输入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/ 凸轮从动件直径）14.mechanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机）15.dead-center position（死点位置）1
17、6.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/ 输出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/ 输入运动变量）19.absolute angular positions（绝对角位置）20.velocity polygon met
18、hod（速度的多边形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/ 即时瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower dia
19、meters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/ 凸轮从动件直径）26.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）27.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams 圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构28.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower 一个对心直动滚子从动件29.a constant angular velocity ratio 旋转角速度的比例30.a constant torque ratio 一个恒
20、转矩比31.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios 非线性角速度比率32.the parallel helical gear 平行斜齿轮33.the crossed helical gear 交叉斜齿轮34.the straight bevel gear 直锥齿轮35.the spiral bevel gear 弧齿锥齿轮36.the skew bevel gear 大角度斜交锥齿轮37.the hexagon head screws 六角头螺钉38.the fillister head screws 槽头螺钉39.the flat head screws 平头螺钉
21、40.the hexagon socket head screws 内六角沉头螺钉。41.the external tensile load 外部拉伸载荷42.the external shear load 外部剪切负荷43.The single-row deep-groove bearing 单列深沟轴承44.The angular-contact bearing 角接触轴承45.the self-aligning bearings 自动调心轴承46.the straight roller bearings 直滚子轴承47.the spherical-roller thrust bearin
22、g 球形辊止推轴承48.the tapered roller bearings 圆锥滚子轴承49.the condition of statical equilibrium 浅析条件下平衡50.the positive-contact clutches 强制接触离合器51.the overload-release clutches 超载释放保护离合器52.the overrunning clutches 超越离合器53.the magnetic fluid clutches 磁流变离合器54.the metal removal rate 金属去除率55.the universal thread
23、-grinding machine 通用螺纹磨床56.the straightness of machine tool slideways 机床工具导轨的直线度57.The adhesive property of oil 润滑油的粘度58.the single-point cutting tools 单点切削工具59.the multipoint cutting tools 多点切削工具60.the random-point cutting tool 任意点切削工具61.tracing and duplicating lathes 仿形车床62.single-spindle automati
24、c lathes 单轴自动车床63.multi-spindle automatic lathes 多轴自动车床64.the gear-cutting machine 齿轮切削机床65.the special metal removal methods 特种加工66.the electrical discharge machining 电火花加工67.the operating mechanisms of the shaper 牛头刨床的操作机构68.the mechanically driven shaper 机械传动牛头刨床69.the infinitely variable cutting
25、 speeds 平滑调整切削速度70.the upright drilling machines 立式钻床71.the radial drilling machines 摇臂钻床72.the plain radial drilling machines 平面摇臂钻床73.the multispindle drilling machine 多轴钻床74.the telescoping splined shaft 花键轴的伸缩75.an knee and column type of milling machine 铣床的升降台式76.Fixed-bed milling machines 固定床铣
26、床77.the hardened tool steel 淬硬工具钢78.a cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床79.the new material-removal methods 新型材料去除工艺四翻译下列句子1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个
27、销轴。）2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.( 虽然四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构是非常有用而且在成千上万的应用中都可找到。但是我们还看到，这些连杆机构其性能水平的发挥已经受到限制。)3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and det
28、ermining degrees of freedom of mechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process.（画运动图和确定机构自由度的过程，就是运动分析和综合过程的第一个阶段。）4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design a
29、re marks of a successful kinematician.（设想相对运动的能力，能推想出之所以这样设计一个机构的原因和对一个具体设计进行改进的能力是一个成功的机构学家的标志。）5. Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms.（这个过程的动态反演是固定的 ,不同的连接创造出不同的机制。）6.There are three customary tasks for kinematic synthesis: functio
30、n generation, path generation and motion generation.（对于运功的综合，惯例上有三个任务 :函数的生成、轨迹生成和运动生成。）1Although a cam and follower may be designed for motion, path, or function generation, the majority of applications utilize the cam and follower for function generation.虽然可以把凸轮和它的从动件设计为用于运动变换，路径变换或者函数变换，但大多数用途是利用
31、凸轮和它的从动件做函数变换。2. In the case of a disk cam with a radial (in-line) translating roller follower the smallest circle that can be drawn tangent to the cam surface and concentric with the camshaft is the base circle. 对于一个对心直动滚子从动件盘形凸轮，可画出的与凸轮表面相切且与轮轴同心的最小圆是基圆译文 P40 13. Numerous applications in automatic
32、 machinery require intermittent motion. A typical example will call for a rise-dwell-return and perhaps another dwell period of a specified number of degrees each, together with a required follower displacement measured in centimeters or degrees.在自动化机械中的许多应用需要间歇运动。一个典型的例子将要求一个含有上升一停歇一返回和可能另一个停歇的周期，每
33、阶段经过一个指定的角度，伴随着一个所要求的从动件的位移，这个位移以厘米或度来度量。译文 P40 24Any two mating tooth profiles that satisfy the fundamental law of gearing are called conjugate profiles. 任何满足齿轮传动基本定律的一对相互啮合齿廓称之为共轭齿廓。5. Although there are many tooth shapes possible in which a mating tooth could be designed to satisfy the fundamenta
34、l law, only two are in general use: the cycloidal and involute profiles.虽然可以设计出有很多齿廓来满足传动装置的基本定律，但通常所使用的只有两种：即摆线齿廓和渐开线齿廓。6. Typical methods of fastening and joining parts include the use of such items as bolts, nuts, cap screws, setscrews, rivets, locking devices and keys.紧固和联结零部件的典型方法包含使用这些零件：螺栓，螺母
35、，有头螺钉、定位螺钉，铆钉，锁紧装置和键。7. Methods of joining parts are extremely important in the engineering of a quality design, and it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the performance of fasteners and joints under all conditions of use and design.在质量设计工程中，联结零部件的方法非常重要，因此，彻底了解紧固零件和联结零件在所有使用和设计条件下的性能
36、是非常必要的。8. When a connection is desired which can be disassembled without destructing the parts assembled and which is strong enough to resist both external tensile load and shear load, or a combination of these, then the simple bolted joint using hardened washers is a good solution.当想要一个可以被拆开又不破坏被联接
37、零件的联接时，而且这个联接又要有足够的强度以承受外拉力和剪力或这两种力的结合，使用淬火垫圈的简单螺栓联结是一个很好的方法。9. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。10. The term antifriction bearing is used to describe that class of bearing in wh
38、ich the main load is transferred through elements in rolling contact rather than in sliding contact.减摩轴承这个词被用于描述这样一类轴承，其主要载荷是通过滚动接触而不是滑动接触的元件传递的11. It is this gradual engagement of the teeth and the smooth transfer of load from one tooth to another, which give helical gears the ability to transmit h
39、eavy loads at high speeds正是螺旋齿轮，从一个齿到另一个齿的逐渐啮合和载荷的平稳传递，给了螺旋齿轮在高速下传递重载荷的能力12. A shaft is a rotating or stationary member, usually of circular cross section, having mounted upon it such elements as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and other power-transmission elements.轴是一个固定或转动的零件，通常是圆截面的
40、，在它上面安装了如齿轮，带轮，飞轮，曲柄，链轮等零件和其他动力传递零件13. Roughing, for which the metal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is high, but the required dimensional accuracy relatively low.粗加工，通常金属切削率和切削力高，但所要求的尺寸精度相对低。14. Machines using basically the single-point cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes, (
41、2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) single-spindle automatic lathes, (5) multi-spindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines.使用单刃切削刀具的机床主要包括：(1)普通车床， (2)六角车床，(3)仿形车床，(4) 单轴自动车床，(5)多轴自动车床，(6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床, (7)镗床。15. Upright drilling machines or drill presses
42、 are available in a variety of sizes and types, and are equipped with a sufficient range of spindle speeds and automatic feeds to fit the needs of most industries.立式钻床或钻孔压力机，具有各种各样的尺寸和类型，为了适合大多数工业的需求，这些机床都装配有充足的轴速范围和自动进给量。16. Chemical milling is controlled etching process using strong alkaline or ac
43、id etchants. Aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and steel are the principal metals processed by this method.化学蚀刻，通过使用强碱或强酸蚀刻剂来控制蚀刻过程，铝，钛，镁和钢是用这种方法处理的主要金属。17. Antifriction bearings are used in a great variety of products, toys, household products, refrigerators, roller stakes, garage doors, trucks, indus
44、trial machinery, dental equipments and guided missiles, for example.减摩轴承使用在各种各样的产品中，例如：玩具，家用产品，电冰箱，轧辊座，汽车门，卡车，工业机械，牙医设备和导弹等等。18. The important difference between the two is that area contact exists between the teeth of double-enveloping gears while only line contact between those of single-envelopin
45、g gears.这两者之间的重要区别是：在双包围蜗轮组的轮齿间有面接触，而在单包围蜗轮组的轮齿间只有线接触。19. Although positive clutches are not used to the extent of the frictional-contact type, they do have important applications 3 where synchronous operation is required.虽然强制接触离合器不像摩擦离合器用得那么广泛，但在需要同步操作时，它们确实有着非常重要的应用。20. Finishing, for which the me
46、tal removal rate, and consequently the cutting force, is low, but the required dimensional accuracy and surface finish relatively high.精加工，通常金属切削率和切削力低，但所要求的尺寸精度和表面光洁度相对高。21. Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) drilling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) saw
47、ing machines, (5) gear-cutting machines.使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括：(1)钻床，(2)铣床，(3)拉床，(4) 锯床，(5)齿轮切削机床。22. Tracer milling is characterized by coordinated or synchronized movements of either the paths of the cutter and tracing elements, or the paths of the workpiece and model.仿形铣床的特点是刀具和跟踪元件的轨迹运动的协调或同步，或者是工件和模型的轨迹
48、运动的协调或同步。23. The problem of the specialist in mechanical design is not how to design a rolling bearing but, rather, how to select one.在机械设计中，专家所面临的问题，不是如何设计轴承，而是如何挑选轴承。24. The ultrasonic machining process is applied to both conducting and non-conducting material, and relies entirely upon abrasive ac
49、tion for metal removal.超声波加工工艺既应用于导体材料，也用于非导体材料，并且完全依赖于磨损作用进行金属切削。五翻译下列短文1.A kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is a constrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause ea
