1、unit 2 fit for life Reading 学案.重点单词1 n药剂师，药商；化学家n化学2 n巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行v变革，革命3 n柜台；计数器；反驳；vt.反驳；抵制，抵消v数数，计算；依靠4 adj.有益的；有用的v对有益；得益于；n.益处5 vt.拥有，具有n个人财产；拥有，具有6 adj.对极重要的，必不可少的7 n可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能；adj .潜在的，可能的adv.潜在地，可能地8 vi.& vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅n循环；传播9 adj.不正常的，反常的(反义词) adj.正常的；平常的10 vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊adj.令人惊讶的a
2、dj.感到惊讶的n惊讶11 n应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷vt.申请；应用；涂抹12 adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的n影响；结果13 n批准，通过；赞成，同意v批准，通过；赞成，同意14 vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快n加快；增进15 adj.大规模的；数量极多的； n.一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量16 n疾病；恶心，呕吐adj.有病的；恶心的17 n症状；征兆18 vi.流血，失血n血，血液.重点短语1 集中于；专注于2 打开；开拓3 上百万的4 以形式5 实施；执行6 测试，试验；参加选拔7 大量地8 因为；由于9 认出，辨别出；挑选10 偶然地.重点句式1It is
3、 likely that. you will find aspirin and penicillin.你很可能会找到阿司匹林和青霉素。2现在分词作定语Nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves (possess) a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大约 3 500 年以前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。3not only.but also.Not o
4、nly vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。4if 引导的虚拟条件句If penicillin available，many people sickness or even small wounds.如果没有青霉素，很多人都将死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。.课文阅读理解1Whats the main idea of this passage?AFamous doctors.BHow
5、Penicillin and Aspirin were invented.CAspirin and Penicillin.DHow to keep healthy.2Which of the following is considered to be the time when Aspirin was invented?A3,500 years ago. B2,500 years ago.C1897. D1899.3Which of the following cant Aspirin be used for?AKeeping quiet. BPainkilling.CCuring diabe
6、tes. DReducing heart attacks.4Which of the following is NOT false?APenicillin can keep people healthy by thinning their blood.BAspirin can save lives by killing bacteria.CAspirin was discovered by accident.DPenicillin was discovered by chance.5Who is American?ADr Thun. BSmith.CAlexander Fleming. DHo
7、ward Florey.课文阅读填空Names of 1. Aspirin PenicillinWho invented or discovered it Dr Felix Hoffmann Alexander FlemingWho put it into 2. or produced it The company Hoffmann worked forHoward Florey and Ernst ChainWhat is 3. in the medicine Salicylic acid MouldUsesReducing fever and helping stop4. Reducing
8、 the 5. of heart attacks6. strokesReducing the risk of some cancers by 40 per centReducing blood sugar 7. Treating wounds and illnesses caused by 9. Honors given to the medicines or the scientistsBecame the 8. medicine in the world for pain reliefConsidered to be one of the most important medicines
9、in 10. societyThe Nobel Prize in Medicine.阅读课文，并试着以约 30 个词概括第二段(P 18，L 717 )的段落大意。重点词汇1Both of these medicines have saved millions of peoples lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.这两种药自问世以来已挽救了数百万人的生命，并且已被证明对人类是有益的。归纳拓展(1)beneficial adj.有益的；有用的be beneficial to 对有益(2)be
10、nefit v对 有益；n .益处benefit from 从中受益be of benefit 有益的(be beneficial)for sb.s benefitfor the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益；为帮助某人语境助记(1)A good diet is beneficial to health.良好的饮食有益于健康。(2)We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.我们应该把这笔钱花在对大家都有益的事上。(3)The new regulations will be of benefi
11、t to everyone concerned.新规章将使所有有关人员受益。(4)I have done it for his benefit.I have done it for the benefit of him.我为了帮助他才做的那件事。题组训练(1)一句多译该制度有利于城市居民。The system people in the cities.(benefit vt.)The system people in the cities.(beneficial)The system people in the cities.(benefit n)People in the cities th
12、e system.(benefit vi.)(2)It is clear who the new policy will .Aof benefit BbenefitCbenefit from Dbenefit by2Nearly 3,500 years ago， people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大约 3 500 年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以
13、减轻身体疼痛或退烧。归纳拓展(1)possess vt.拥有，具有；支配，控制be possessed of 具有某种品质( 或特征)(2)possession nU拥有；( 常用复数 )个人财产have/get/gain/take possession of 占有；拥有in possession of 占有in the possession of sb.为某人所有语境助记(1)Poor as they are，they possess many noble qualities.尽管他们很穷，但是他们拥有很多高尚的品质。(2)She is a charming lady，possessed o
14、f good health and sound intellect.她是一位拥有健康体质和极佳才智的迷人的女士。(3)The land is in the possession of the merchant.这块地为该商人所有。题组训练(1)句型转换He takes possession of the company.He is the company.The company is him.(2)As the only child，Jack was all the belongings after his parents died.(2016江苏八校高二期中联考)Ain place of B
15、in possession ofCin favor of Din honor of3Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。归纳拓展vital adj.对 极重要的，必不可少的be vital for/to.对极重要的，必不可少的It is vital to do sth.做某事极其重要。be of vital
16、 importance 极其重要注意：在句型“It is vital(important，impossible，necessary，strange ，natural ，essential) that.”中，从句谓语动词要用“(should) 动词原形” 。语境助记(1)Skillful employees are vital to the success of any company.熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。(2)It is vital to get the victim to the hospital at once.把受害者立刻送到医院是至关重要的。(3)It is vita
17、l that a middle school student (should) learn English well.学好英语对中学生来说是十分重要的。题组训练(1)The cultural industry is to the national economy.It is expected to account for 10% of our countrys GDP by 2018.Avaluable BvitalCvague Dvalid(2)It is vital that every piece of equipment before the experiment.(2016淮安淮阴高
18、二期中)Ais checked Bwill be checkedCbe checked Dmust be checked4Lawrence Craven，a doctor from the USA，introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks.1953 年，美国的一位医生劳伦斯克雷文提出了阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作风险的观点归纳拓展(1)potential n可能性；潜力，潜能；adj.有潜力的；可能的realize ones potential
19、 发挥某人的潜能have the potential to do sth.有潜力做某事have the potential for (doing) sth.有( 做)某事的可能性/ 潜在性(2)potentially adv.可能地语境助记(1)The disease is a potential killer for children.这种病对孩子们来说是个潜在的杀手。(2)As a student，you still havent realized your potential.作为一名学生，你还没有把潜能发挥出来。(3)He has the potential to become a w
20、orldclass musician.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。(4)The company certainly has the potential for growth.那家公司当然有发展潜力。题组训练(1)You mustnt drink before you drive.There is danger in drunk driving.(2016淮安淮阴高二期中)Aprecious BdiverseCpotential Danxious(2)Its important for graduates to find a proper job，one in which they can br
21、ing their into full play.(2016南京三中高二月考)Apotential BcircumstanceCsymptom Dinsurance5.and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes，as well.并且在 1977 年，美国做的一项研究表明阿司匹林也能预防中风。归纳拓展carry out 执行，实施；完成( 任务)carry on 继续carry sth.through 成功完成；顺利实现carry sb.through 帮某人渡过难关ca
22、rry off 赢得；获得(奖品)；夺走；成功地完成语境助记(1)The project was carried out by a local company.这项工程是由当地一家公司完成的。(2)He moved to London to carry on his research.他搬到伦敦继续他的研究。(3)It was your kindness that carried me through.正是你的仁慈帮我渡过了难关。题组训练(1)The China Foreign Exchange Trading System says it will direct trading of the
23、 Chinese yuan against the Singapore dollar beginning Tuesday.(2016扬州仙城中学高二期中)Acarry on Bcarry outCcarry away Dcarry off(2)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to a conversation with her.(2016天津，14)Acarry on Bbreak intoCturn down Dcut off6It astonished him to see the bacteria surroun
24、ding the mould dead.他惊讶地发现，这种霉周围的细菌都死了归纳拓展(1)astonish vt.使惊讶；使吃惊(2)astonished adj.感到惊讶的；使吃惊be astonished at 对感到惊讶be astonished to do sth.对于做某事感到惊讶(3)astonishing adj.令人惊讶的(4)astonishment n惊讶to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是in/with astonishment 惊奇地；惊愕地，惊讶地语境助记(1)What astonished me was that he refused to he
25、lp.令我惊讶的是他拒绝帮忙。(2)I was astonished to see so many people there.看到如此多的人在那儿，我很吃惊。(3)He looked at me in astonishment.他惊奇地望着我。题组训练(1)用 astonish 的适当形式填空To my ，everyone looked when I announced the news except Tom，who remained very calm.Did it you to hear that?(2)When the man came in，gun in hand，we all sto
26、od there， .(2016江苏八校高二期中联考)Aastonished BastonishingCbeing astonished Dhaving astonished7Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，结果发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。归纳拓展try out 试验，测试；选拔try on 试穿try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事try ones best to
27、do sth.尽全力去做某事语境助记(1)The drug has not been tried out on human beings yet.这种药物尚未进行过人体试验。(2)Try doing the things you used to enjoy，such as reading or taking a walk in the park.尝试去做一些你过去很享受的事，比如阅读或者到公园去散步。(3)He tries his best to help the poor and is respected by them.他尽全力去帮助穷人，并赢得了他们的尊敬。题组训练(1)他拿出一件女装给
28、那位女士试穿。He held out a dress for the lady .(2)The new product will be in a certain area to see if it will appeal to young people.(2016淮阴师院附属中学高二期中)Alet out Btried outCworn out Dgiven out8He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.他立刻想到可以把这
29、种霉应用到治疗由细菌引起的疾病上。归纳拓展(1)application n应用，运用；申请(表)；涂抹，外敷(2)apply vt.应用，适用；申请；涂抹apply for 申请，请求apply to 运用于；涉及到apply oneself to 致力于，专心于apply.to.把 运用于语境助记(1)The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production usually increases efficiency.把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上通常可以提高效率。(2)We received ten appl
30、ications for the job.我们收到了 10 份申请此工作的申请书。(3)The new rule was applied to imported cars.这条新规定被运用于进口车上。(4)He applied himself to the task with diligence.他勤奋地全神贯注于这项工作。题组训练(1)用适当的介词填空Now researchers are applying scientific methods the study of the universality of art.She is too young to apply this job.(2
31、)The technology，in my opinion，could have in such fields as military，medicine and public safety.(2016盐城中学高二期中 )Aappreciations BappointmentsCapplications Dqualifications9Second，it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.第二，难以生产出足量的青霉素以产生药效。归纳拓展(1)effective ad
32、j.有效的；实际的；生效的(2)effect n作用，效果have an effect on 对有影响come into effect 生效；开始实行put.into effect 使生效(3)affect v影响语境助记(1)One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江)减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。(2)The new law will come into effect at the start of S
33、eptember.新的法令将在九月初开始生效。(3)The drug may affect your power of concentration.这种药可能会影响你注意力的集中。题组训练(1)用 effective， effect，affect 填空The plan for protecting the endangered animals will soon be put into .Advertising is often the most method of promotion.It is said that parents quarrel can their childs healt
34、h.(2)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.(2016天津，10)Aeffect BsenseCchange Dchance(3)This kind of medicine has a bad on our brains.Aaffection BaffectCeffect Dresult10In 1940， two other scientists，Howard Florey (Australian) and Ernst Chain (Germanborn Englis
35、h)，helped solve these problems， and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.在 1940 年，另外两名科学家，澳大利亚人霍华德弗洛里和德裔英国人恩斯特 钱恩帮助解决了这些问题，并设法大批量地制造和试验这种新药。归纳拓展in large quantities 大量地Error!大/少量的注意：quantities of名词复数谓语动词；a quantity ofError!语境助记(1)Buy vegetables in large quantities，and youll be gi
36、ven a very good discount.大批量购买蔬菜，你会得到更好的折扣。(2)Large quantities of carbon dioxide are released into the air.A large quantity of carbon dioxide is released into the air.大量的二氧化碳被排放到空气中。题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空(1)As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert (have) covered the land.(2)Large qu
37、antities of furniture of the latest styles (be) on sale now.(3)A quantity of books (be) needed at present.11Since the new drug was needed for World War ，the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass production began in 1944.因为第二次世界大战需要青霉素这种新药，政府批准程序得以加快，并于 1944 年开始大批量生产。归纳拓
38、展(1)approval n赞成；批准，通过meet with/win/earn ones approval 得到某人的赞成/ 认可give ones approval to sth.批准/ 同意某事on approval (商品 )供试用；包退换(2)approve v赞成，同意；批准approve of 赞同；称赞；满意；喜欢语境助记(1)I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.希望您能赞成我的建议。(2)Mr Grey bought his camera on approval.格雷先生买的这部照相机包退包换。(3)Her f
39、ather will never approve of her marriage to you.她父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。题组训练(1) I am working on a screen of my latest science fiction.You can dream of making a fortune out of it.(2016南京三中高二月考)Aprinciple BapplicationCapproval Dadaptation(2)Im glad that my parents have of me buying a new car.Aagreed BpromisedC
40、allowed Dapproved12Due to the widespread use of penicillin，many lives were saved during the war.正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间很多生命得以挽救。归纳拓展(1)due to 由于，因为(可作表语或状语，to 为介词)due adj.应付的；应得的；适当的；预期的；到期的be due to 起因于；应归于；预期的be due 应付的；到期的(2)表示“由于”的词组还有：owing to 由于because of 因为as a result of 因为thanks to 多亏；由于on account
41、of 由于，因为语境助记(1)His success is entirely due to hard work.他的成功完全是努力工作的结果。(2)Any money that is due to you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的钱将在月底之前付给你。(3)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days a week，often long into the night.论文下个月就要交了，我现在每周工作七天，还经常工作到深夜。(4)We didnt go out as
42、 a result of the rain.因为下雨我们没出门。题组训练(1)写出下列句子中 due 的汉语意思Im due fifteen days holiday. The meeting is due tomorrow. Please make sure you return the book before its due. (2)The next train to London is at 4 oclock.Abecause BdueCdue to Dowe to经典句式1Nearly 3,500 years ago， people chewed on leaves or drank
43、a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.大约 3 500 年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。归纳拓展(1)possessing a special chemical 是现在分词短语作 leaves 的后置定语。(2)现在分词作定语有两种：一种是单个分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前；另一种是分词短语作定语，放在被修饰的名词之后，表示动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，相当于定语从句。语境助记(1)The
44、 sleeping boy is Tom.睡觉的那个男孩是汤姆。(2)I know the boss possessing three firms.我认识那个拥有 3 家公司的老板。(3)The car being repaired in the garage was made in Germany thirty years ago.正在修理厂维修的汽车产自 30 年前的德国。题组训练(1)There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate B
45、indicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating(2)Tu Youyou is the first Chinese the Nobel Prize in Medicine for her work in developing effective drugs against parasitic disease.(2016大丰新丰中学高二期中)Awinning BwonCwins Dto win2Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there a
46、re also other things that aspirin can help with.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。归纳拓展(1)not only.but also.不但而且，通常可以连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语或状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子。(2)not only.but also.连接两个分句时，若 not only 位于句首，not only 所在的分句要部分倒装，but also 后面的分句不倒装。(3)not only.but also.连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则” ，即谓语动词在人称和数上和最近的主语保持一致。(4)not o
47、nly 只能连用，而 but also 既可连用，也可分开用， also 也可省略。(5)not only A but also BB as well as A语境助记(1)Not only is the problem very important，but also it is difficult to solve.这个问题不仅重要，而且难以解决。(2)Not only did we lose all our money，but we also came close to losing our lives.我们不仅把钱丢了，还几乎丧了命。题组训练(1)句型转换I as well as you am unlucky this time. you
