1、专题十五 并列句和复合句易错清单一、when,if 引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句1. 含有 when,if 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when 引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。2. when, if 引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句的陈述语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态,使其基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。if 充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果” 。when 充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”; 充当状语从句的连接词时,意为 “当的时候” 。如:
2、I dont know when my father will come back, but Ill ask him to call you back when he comes back. 我不知道我爸爸什么时候回来,但是他回来的时候我可以让他给你回电话。I dont know if he will come back. If he comes back, Ill tell you. 我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。二、when, while,as 的区别when, while, as 引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。when, as 都可以与终止性动词连用,而 while
3、 则不能。如:He fell asleep when(while, as) he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。when 可表示瞬间、时间段,与主句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生 ,也可有先后。I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。while 用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的两个动作进行比较。While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes. 我读书时,我妈妈在洗衣
4、服。as 不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指两动作或事件同时发生。如:She sang as she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。三、 that 与 whichA、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ,用 that,不用 which。如This is the most important task that should be finished soon. 这是必须很快完成的最重要的任务。B、 当先行词被 all,much,something,everything,any,few,little,no,some,last,next,the very,the only,the just 等修饰时,用
5、that,不用 which。如:1. Theres nothing that can be said about it. 关于这件事可能无话可说。2. There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。3. He sits the last row that is next to the window. 他坐在靠近窗户的最后一排。4. The only thing that I need now is money. 我现在唯一需要的是钱。 5. This is the very book that you want to borrow.
6、这就是你想借的那本书。C. 主句是以 who 、which 引导的疑问句时,用 that,不用 which。Who is the woman that was talking to my mother? 和我妈妈谈话的那个妇女是谁?以下情况用 which,不用 that。A. 引导词后面有介词时。This is the room in which he works. 这是他的工作间。B. 先行词本身是 that 时。The watch is that which tells the time. 表是用来报时的。C. 非限制性定语从句中先行词是物时He has a computer, which
7、 was bought by his father yesterday. 他有一台电脑,是他的爸爸昨天买的。Last year my father told me a thing, which I remember clearly today. 去年我爸爸告诉一件事,至今我记忆犹新。D. 引导词在被动句中用作主语时。I like the toys which are colored. 我喜欢那些涂上不同颜色的玩具。提分策略1. 根据主从句关系判断中考复合句的考查,要根据主从句的意思来判断答案,解答此类试题,要注意分析句子前后的关系。【例 1】(2014 江苏淮安10)Prince George
8、 is lovely that many people like him very much. A. very B. such C. as D. so【解析】本题考查连词的用法。根据句中的 that 判断,这里是考查句型 so.that 和such.that。因为 lovely 是形容词 ,所以这里用 so 来连接。故选 D。【答案】D【例 2】(2013浙江衢州19)Liu Ming jumps highest he isnt tallest in our class. A. because B. though C. for D. so【解析】考查四个连词的用法,A “因为”引导原因状语从句
9、;B“尽管”引导让步状语从句;C“ 由于” 表示因果关系 ,引导原因状语从句;D 项“ 因此”引导结果状语从句,根据句意:李明跳的最高,尽管他不是我们班最高的。选 B。【答案】 B2. 根据语序判断在含有宾语从句的复合句子中,从句的语序要用陈述句语序。根据这一原则能够解答大部分题目。【例 1】(2014 江苏镇江 15)Granny, the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring. Oh, could you tell me ? A. how did you go to the park B. what you did in the
10、 tripC. that you saw something beautifulD. if your friends had played with you【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。应答句是宾语从句,从句应该用陈述句语序,所以排除A 项。C 项中的 that 跟肯定句 ;D 项中的 if 跟一般疑问句,这两项与话题不符。故选 B。句意:“奶奶,学校旅行很兴奋但是有点累。 ”“噢,你能告诉我在旅途中干了什么?”【答案】 B【例 2】(2013广东39)Have you asked the policeman ? Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main St
11、reet. Its on the right. A. if there is a bank near hereB. how can we get to the nearest bank C. where can we find a bankD. when we can go to the nearest bank【解析】考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中从句用陈述语序,故排除 B、C(为疑问语序), 根据句意是问路表达。所以选择答案 A。【答案】 A3. 根据连接词判断中考对宾语从句的考查除了语序之外,还有考查连接词的试题。要选择正确的连接词,关键是要弄清句意,可以用替代法判断答案。【例 1】(
12、2014 江苏泰州11)I think that studying in pairs of groups is necessary you want to learn from each other in class. A. though B. until C. unless D. if 【解析】本题考查连词的用法。前面句子意为“我认为小组学习是很有必要的。 ”下句的意思是“你们想在课堂上相互学习。 ”根据句意和句子结构判断,该句是条件状语从句,应该用 if(如果)来连接,所以排除 A、B 、C 三项。故选 D。【答案】 D【例 2】(2013福建福州45)Could you please t
13、ell me tomorrow? At 8 oclock. A. how will she come B. where she will goC. what time she will start【解析】考查宾语从句。句意为:请你告诉我她明天什么时候开始?八点钟。根据答语可知答案为 C 项。【答案】 C4. 还原先行词判断中考对定语从句的考查主要是考查关系代词。首先可以把先行词还原到从句中。其次在选择关系词时,看先行词是指人还是指物,然后看关系词在从句中的成分,从而做出正确判断。【例 1】(2014山东枣庄23) He is unlikely to find the school he tau
14、ght 50 years ago. A. where B. when C. how D. why【解析】考查关系代词的用法。根据句子结构判断,该句是定语从句,the school 是先行词,关系代词指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语,应该用 where,不能用什么时候、怎么样或为什么,所以排除 B、C、D 三项。故选 A。句意为:他不可能找到他五十年前教学的学校。 【答案】 A【例 2】(2013广西玉林33)Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan?Sure. He is the writer won the Nobel (诺贝尔) Litera
15、ture Prize. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的用法。which 先行词为物时;whose 先行词为人或物,作定语,后得接个名词;who 先行词为人,作主、宾、表语;whom 先行词为人,只作宾语。根据先行词 the writer“作者”,作主语。所以选择答案 C。【答案】 C专项训练1. ( 2014广东深圳 12)It was information that we were very grateful the man for his help. Youre right. He is a kind man in my h
16、eart.A. so valuable; forB. such an expensive; forC. such valuable; toD. so expensive an; to2. (2014安徽合肥38)Take your time, youll make another mistake. A. then B. andC. but D. or3(2014深圳20)Will you please tell me ? A. when he has come backB. where he would play footballC. if she had seen the filmD. wh
17、y she didnt watch the match4. (2014江苏常州30)I can still remember the sitting-room my mother and I in the evening. A. which; used to sitB. that; used to sitting inC. /; used to sit inD. /; are used to sitting5. (2014江苏扬州12)Who is the man was talking to our English teacher? Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths t
18、eacher.A. he B. thatC. whom D. which6. (2013上海)A true friend can see the pain in your eyes everyone else believes the smile on your face. A. while B. becauseC. before D. until7. (2013江苏南京)Could you tell me ? Id like to take part in it. On July 5th.A. when will the fashion show be heldB. when the fas
19、hion show will be heldC. where will the fashion show be heldD. where the fashion show will be held8. (2013山西)Can you guess yesterday? Sorry, Ive no idea about it.A. when did he came backB. when he came backC. how long he came back9. (2013广东东莞)Do you know the girl is talking to the headmaster over th
20、ere? Of course. She is my sister.A. who B. whomC. which D. what10. (2013河北)Will you help me with the trouble?I wont you tell me the truth. A. if B. butC. while D. unless11. (2013河南)Excuse me, could you please tell me ? Sorry. Im new here. I dont know the way, either.A. where is Suxian MountainB. whe
21、re Suxian Mountain isC. Suxian Mountain is where12. (2013四川成都)Do you know ? Last year.A. when he came hereB. when did he come hereC. when he will come here13. (2013天津)I really enjoyed your speech, there were some parts I didnt quite understand. A. because B. forC. until D. though 14. (2013安徽)Mary is
22、nt in the classroom. Do you know ? A. where she is B. where is sheC. who is she15. (2012四川绵阳)Could you tell me ? A. where she livesB. where does she liveC. where is she living参考答案与解析1. C 解析 :考查 such.that 的用法。由句中的“information that”判断该句是结果状语从句,应该用“such+形容词+名词+that ”结构,所以排除 A、D 两项。因为是不可数名词,所以排除B。故选 C。2
23、. D 解析:考查并列连词的用法。由句意和句子结构判断,该句是并列句,后一分句表示转折,应该用 or 来连接。故选 D。句意: 不着急,否则你又会犯错误。3. D 解析:考查宾语从句的用法。该句是宾语从句,主句的谓语动词是一般将来时态,是请求对方说出为什么不看比赛,不是什么时候回来,在哪里踢足球或是否看过这部影片,所以排除A、B、C 三项。故选 D。4. A 解析:考查定语从句和固定搭配的用法。由句意和句子结构判断,该句是定语从句,记得过去发生的事情,不是习惯做某事,所以排除 B、D 两项。先行词是 the sitting-room,指地点,关系代词应该用 which。used to do s
24、th. (过去常常做某事)是固定搭配。故选 A。5. B 解析:考查关系代词的用法。该句的主句是特殊疑问句,先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,不能 who,应该用 that。故选 B。6. A 解析:考查状语从句。句意:当其他人看到你脸上的微笑时,真正的朋友能看出你眼中的痛苦。while“当的时候”;because 意思为“因为”;before 表示为“在之前”;until意思为“直到为止”,故选 A。7. B 解析:考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句中从句的语序应是陈述句的语序 ,排除 A、C 项。由答语“On July 5th.”可知上句是询问时间,由选项 B 中的 when 可知 B 项符合
25、题意。故选B。8. B 解析:考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句顺序,排除 A;又 came back 是终止性动词,不能和段时间状语 how long 连用,因此 C 是错误的。故选 B。9. A 解析:考查定语从句。先行词是 the girl,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who。10. D 解析:考查状语从句连词的用法。句意 :你能帮我解决困难吗? 如果你不说实话,我不会帮你。unless 意为“除非;如果不” 。 故选 D。11. B 解析 :考查宾语从句。宾语从句疑问句在从句句首,且主谓要用陈述句顺序,故选B。12. A 解析:考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句中从句的语序应是陈述句的语序,排除 B 项。由答语“Last year”可知是询问去年的事情 ,应该用一般过去式 ,所以排除 C。故选 A。13. D 解析:考查状语从句连词的用法。because “因为”;for 作连词也是“因为”;until“直到时”;though“虽然” 。根据句意:我的确喜欢你的演讲,但是有些我不是很懂,故选 D。14. A 解析:考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句中从句的语序应是陈述句的语序,排除 B、C项。所以选 A。15. A 解析:考查宾语从句的用法。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除 B、C 选项;只有A 项符合语法规则。故选 A。
