1、第 37 讲 短文填空【陕西 20122016 年中考考情分析及复习指导】2016 2015 2014 2013 2012文体 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文题材 关于史蒂文的成长历程 给别人的爱总会得到回报 贫民窟男孩被收养的故事 爱心传递 断臂女孩获得冲浪比赛冠军词数 224 250 196 193 192形容词和副词的等级 cleancleaner，happy(原形) highhigher cold(原形) poor(原形)，goodbest young(原形)，hardharder形副 easyeasily sweetsweetly deepdeeply happyhappil
2、y badbadly动名 workworker drivedriver 代词 hehis sheher hehis sheher名词 studentstudents childchildren，daydays yearyears，fatherfathershome(原形) kindness(原形) exampleexamples动词 borrow(原形) feel know(原形)数词 sixthsix 时态 cancould，givegave，trytrying runran，noticenoticed，sitsitting changechanged，cancould，looklookin
3、g，taketook askasked，thankthanked，rememberremembered winwon，bewas，cancould语态 encourageencouraged plantplanted taketaken短文填空也是从 2011 年开始新增的一类题型。给出 10 个单词和一篇挖空后的短文，根据短文内容选出合适的单词并用其正确的形式填空，完成短文。从文体上分析都是记叙文，字数在 190250 之间，题材上多为一些爱心故事和正能量传递的文章。本题有一定难度，做题时要注意一是选对词，二是要根据文意，用该词的适当形式填空，所以一定要仔细分析该词所在句段中的时态、所在句子
4、中充当的成分，方可游刃有余地完成。词汇运用类题目的考点主要是考查学生对单词的拼写能力、词形变化和语法知识运用能力以及词组辨析能力等。试题通常以语篇或句子的形式出现，测试内容以实词为主，虚词很少。测试题型为单词拼写、选词填空、根据首字母填空等。短文填空解题应注意事项：先对备选的词汇的词性作简单标记，如：名词n.，动词 v.，形容词a.，副词ad.等。同时对词义作初步的理解。根据题意或通读全文，猜测空格中所缺的信息，注意发现固定搭配关系，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。在填词过程中要注意词形的变化。既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。【口诀】空前空后要注意， “名词”单复数要牢记，还有
5、“s”不能弃， “动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序” ，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。单词拼写解题应注意的事项：要根据上下文之意，熟练运用所学词汇。要理解全句，填准词，因为有时英汉并非一一对应。要分析所填单词充当的句子成分，判断所填单词的词性。要注意英汉语言之间的区别。对于有多个相同意思的单词，要选择最符合英语习惯的那个。要规范、工整地拼写出单词，不要因书写而丢分。【例 1】 请根据语篇内
6、容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、正确、连贯，方框中有两个词是多余项。(2016，山西)I，make，teach ，after，large ，control，try，leaf，small ，quiet，before ，withoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.I still remember it was an early autumn.Some _1_ started to turn yellow and weather became coo
7、l.One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my fathers vest (背心) instead of _2_At that time， I was getting to have a _3_ size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe！I realized that it was a small mistake which _4_ by my mother，but
8、 somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry.My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her _5_ thinking much， I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it.I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house _6_ my mother could stop me.Later，my mother shar
9、ed her bad feelings with my father， “See what your son has done.” Instead of saying he would scold (责备) or beat me，my father _7_ asked my mother to mend the vest.Later when my mother told me about my fathers response，I felt ashamed (惭愧的) of my bad behavior.My fathers gentle kindness _8_ me a lesson
10、which I would never forget.来源:gkstk.ComOn that day，I decided not to let anger _9_ me any longer.Of course，there are times when I am angry.However，whenever that happens，I _10_ to remember my fathers vest.It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry.解析：1.该题考查名词。根据上句 it was an e
11、arly autumn 和该句信息 started to turn yellow，推测该句中指的是树叶 leaf；根据句中的 some 可知用复数形式 leaves。2该题考查代词。根据后面的句意 I realized that it was a small mistake which.by my mother推测该句句意：我的母亲所给的背心不是我的。根据句中的 instead of 可知该空应填名词性物主代词 mine。3该题考查形容词比较级。根据后面的句子I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe！及句中的than my father，可知该句用形容词 lar
12、ge 的比较级 larger。4该题考查动词辨析。该句是由 which 引导的定语从句，根据句中的 by my mother 可知该句为被动语态；且该句为一般过去式，故填 was made。5该题考查介词。根据上句 My mother said sorry with a smile 和转折连词 but 推测该句句意为“但是我不假思索地向她大吼。 ”故填 without。6该题考查连词。根据上下文可推测该句句意为“我穿上自己的背心，在母亲阻止我之前冲出屋子。 ”故应填 before。7该题考查副词。根据句意 Instead of saying he would scold(责备) or beat
13、 me，推测该句句意为“我父亲平静地让我妈妈修补这件背心。 ”因为空中的词修饰动词 ask，故用副词形式quietly。8该题考查动词。根据文意可推测该句句意为“爸爸的温和仁慈教会了我一个永远都不会忘记的教训。 ”应用动词 teach 的一般过去时，故填 taught。9该题考查动词。该句句意为“我决定不再让愤怒(的情绪) 控制我了。 ”let 的后面用动词原形，故填 control。10该题考查动词。该句句意为“每当发生这种情况，我会尽量记得父亲的背心。 ”该句是whenever 引导的让步状语从句，从句用的是一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时态；try to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽
14、力去做某事 ”。故填 will try。答案：1.leaves 2.mine 3.larger4was_made 5.without 6.before7quietly 8.taught 9.control10will_try短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次；每空只填一个单词。)(2016，陕西)clean，give，can，encourage，try，he，borrow，student，easy，happyLast week I went to an art show.A painting caught my eye.To my amazement，
15、it was painted by Steven，one of my _1_Then many things about him came into my mind.Steven was from a poor family.His parents _2_ not afford to buy him some basic things that he needed.Once our school provided gloves for poor children.I put Stevens name on the list.He was so _3_ when he received a pa
16、ir.He loved to wear them and they were always _4_ than anybody elses.Steven had a gift (天赋) for painting and he could _5_ understand what I described in class.But he didnt have money to buy the paper for painting.So sometimes，I _6_ him some.He practiced hard.And I often showed his paintings to the c
17、lass.He was greatly _7_One day just before the summer vacation，he came to _8_ some art books.When the new term began，he showed some of _9_ paintings to me.I felt shocked (震惊)They were very good.Then we talked a lot.He said he would keep on.Later he was admitted (录取) to a famous art university.After graduation，he had many difficulties，but he never gave up.He was always _10_ his best to improve himself.His hard work and strong mind led to his success.1students 2.could 3.happy 4.cleaner5easily 6.gave 7.encouraged 8.borrow9his 10.trying,
