1、题型五 任务型阅读,贵阳中考五年命题规律及趋势年份 文体 话题 段落及词数 考查形式2015 一篇说明文一篇记叙文时事热点：丝绸之路人物传记：史蒂夫 乔布斯人生改变经历5 段式，约 330词5 段式，约 280词填写表格补全句子2014 一篇说明文一篇记叙文Hip hop 与 Rap音乐对青少年的影响人物传记：查尔斯 达尔文对生物学的贡献3 段式，约 320词6 段式，约 320词填写表格补全句子2013 一篇说明文一篇记叙文青少年梦想和希望的调查态度在人们生活中的重要性5 段式，约 320词4 段式，约 280词填写表格补全句子2012 两篇说明文怎样获得快乐血型与人们生命、性格、食物、健康
2、的关系4 段式，约 250词4 段式，约 260词填写表格补全句子2011 一篇说明文一篇记叙文青少年抑郁症与媒体之间的关系礼貌地寻求信息和帮助在交际中的重要性8 段式，约 350词4 段式，约 300词填写表格补全句子分析上表可知，近 5 年贵阳市中考的任务型阅读分为两种形式：填写表格型和补全句子型。任务型阅读理解题设计比较灵活，答案往往不唯一，题型、体裁多样，题目的难度也在增大。,解题方法与技巧任务型阅读理解题型多样，设题自由开放，内容广泛。它不仅考查考生的阅读理解能力，还考查考生的语言组织能力、单词拼写能力、英汉互译能力以及其他语言知识，较好地呼应了新课标所倡导的“任务型语言教学”模式。
3、所给的文章易于理解并贴近考生生活实际。旨在考查考生运用所学语言知识的能力，在对篇章整体理解的基础上，考查考生根据上下文的意思和逻辑联系进行推理、判断的能力。贵阳市中考在本题型中重点涉及到阅读填写词语这一知识的运用。一、通读全文，感知任务答题前，认真阅读文章，掌握文章提供的信息内容，同时要明确文章的中心思想，为答题做好准备。二、紧扣原文，搜寻信息通读全文后，再浏览问题，从原文中找出能回答问题的关键信息。三、全面兼顾，准确作答除了注意书写规范以外，还要确保表达的准确性，要注意语态、时态和人称等的变化。四、认真检查，验证答案完成任务后要把答案带入原文，检查所写的答案是否符合要求，发现问题及时解决。(
4、2016 中考预测)Do you know tall people lead happier lives than shorter people？ According_to_a_new_study_which_found_that_most_unhappy_men_are_almost_an_inch_shorter_than_average.Researchers sound that shorter people were more dissatisfied(不满意的) with their lot in life.The study interviewed more than 450，0
5、00 adults about how they viewed their life.The volunteers were asked to place themselves somewhere on a “life ladder” and asked about their emotions.According to the findings，people who were taller were also more likely to be _ about their life and were more likely to judge themselves as happy.They
6、were also less likely to feel a range of negative emotions，including sadness and physical pain，although they were more likely to experience stress and anger，and if they were women， to worry.Men who reported that their lives were the “worst possible”were in general more than eight tenths of an inch，o
7、r 2cm，shorter than the average height.Women who viewed themselves as “on the bottom step” on the life ladder were shorter than the average woman by half an inch，or 1.3cm.1 题完成句子；2 题简略回答问题；3 题将文中横线处空缺的一个单词填写在下面的答题线上；4 题找出并写下全文的主题句；5 题将文中画线句子译成汉语。1Researchers found that shorter people were more dissat
8、isfied with their lot _2How many adults did the researchers interview about how they viewed their life?_3_4_5_【主旨大意】本文为说明文。介绍高个子的人比矮个子的人生活更加幸福，对生活的态度更积极；称自己生活“最糟糕”的男性身高一般来说比平均身高矮 0.8 英寸或 2 厘米，称自己生活不好的女性身高比平均身高矮半英寸或 1.3 厘米。1in life 【解析】根据第二段第一句“Researchers found that shorter people were more dissatis
9、fied with their lot in life.研究人员发现，身材较矮的人对自己的生活状况更为不满意。 ”可知答案。2The study interviewed more than 450，000 adults./450，000 adults. 【解析】根据第二段第二句“The study interviewed more than 450，000 adults about how they viewed their life.该研究对 45 万成年人对生活的态度进行了调查。 ”可知答案。3positive 【解析】根据下文“They were also less likely to
10、feel a range of negative emotions”以及本句“people who were taller were also more likely to be _ about their life”可知答案填 negative 的反义词positive。4Do you know tall people lead happier lives than shorter people？ 【解析】分析整篇文章，主要讲述了高个子的人比矮个子的人生活更加幸福。5根据一项新的研究发现，最不开心的男人几乎都比平均身高矮一英寸。 【解析】according to 根据；an inch sho
11、rter than average 比平均身高矮一寸。 ,考点：完成句子类方法突破：该题是要求考生根据文章来补充句子，考生只需找到该句的位置，与题干一一对照，找出其中相应位置空缺的内容补上即可。填好所缺单词，做完题后还要从句子结构、语法形式和意义上进行复查、确保答案正确。考点：回答问题类方法突破：回答问题类题目，在答题前，首先应该快速浏览所提问题，然后带着这个问题，有的放矢地去阅读文章，获取与问题有关的信息。对那些在文章中找不到答案的问题，必须再通读全文，对获得的信息进行整理、通篇考虑全文，才能写出答案。答完问题后要进行检查，确保答案在语法、拼写及标点符号等方面准确无误。考点：找主题句类方法突
12、破：如果题干要求找出某自然段的主题句，学生必须仔细阅读该自然段，掌握其大意，找出能概括该自然段的主题句。如果题干要求找出文章的主题句，则需要浏览文章大意。通常主题句位于自然段或文章的开头或结尾。考点：英译汉类方法突破：解答英译汉的题目，先略读全文，从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，并理解画线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法及逻辑关系，然后找出句中的固定短语、从句或固定句型等，翻译出合理的汉语句子。解答此类题型时要注意几点：要根据上下文翻译，不要断章取义。翻译时要与汉语语言习惯相联系，不要逐词死译。注意文化差异。注意习语、谚语。 ,2016 备考猜押类型一 填写表格型【解题策略】填写表格型通常是先给出一段
13、阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格、补全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在材料中找到，因此考生只要通读材料，注意所填信息在原文中的出处，就不难完成任务。但是也有个别信息考生不可能直接在材料中找出，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于填表式阅读理解，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相对应的信息。A(2014 贵阳中考)流行音乐Hip hop，or rap music as its also called，started on the streets and in
14、the clubs of New York City in the 1970s，but today many countries have their own kind of hip hop music.This kind of music has its roots in reggae，disco and funk music.Rapping， which means speaking to the rhythm of the music，is an important part of this music.Young people rap to express how they feel
15、about their lives and problems.Would you like to rap in class? Well actually，hip hop music is being played in more than 10，000 schools in the USA.Why? There is a new school programme called “Flocabulary” where teachers use text books and hip hop CDs to help teach a variety of school subjects.The lyr
16、ics of the songs include information on a subject students are studying，which makes learning easy and fun.Students and teachers are amazed at the positive effects it has had on exam marks.This is what one teacher said: “Ive used hip hop songs in class，and Ive never seen students have such great inte
17、rests in history! Its unbelievable how students remember what I teach！It even encourages us to waste our own songs.”Blake Harrison，a high school student，first thought of the idea of Flocabulary.The word “Flocabulary” comes from the words “flow” and “vocabulary” “Flow” is a rap word for “style” or th
18、e way a rapper says the words of a song.How did he get the idea? Well，he realized he could remember the lyrics of a hip hop song very easily.So，why not make lessons into songs? Today together with Alex Rappaport，a composer，Blake produces hip hop songs for math，science，and literature ，which are now b
19、eing used in schools with great success.Paragraph One Hip hop music started in New York City in the 1970s.It comes from _1_，reggae，disco and funk music.Paragraph TwoRapping in schools is _2_ in the USA because of the programme named “Flocabulary”The lyrics of the songs include information on a subje
20、ct students are studying，which makes _3_.Paragraph Three A high school student named _4_ first had the idea of Flocabulary.Now he produces hip hop songs for many subjects in order to _5_.1._ 2._3_ 4._5_B(2013 贵阳中考)人生梦想We all dream about things that we would like to do and we hope to achieve in the f
21、uture.But are everybodys dreams the same?Here are some of the findings of a survey about hopes and dreams，in which thousands of students across China took part in it.What are the hopes of teenagers? We received several different answers to the question：what would you like to do after finishing your
22、education? It seems some students would like to start work as soon as possible，so that they can help provide better lives for their parents.Other students hope to continue studying after finishing school and to go to university.Although money is important，many teenagers said they want to do jobs the
23、y enjoy.According to the survey，the most popular choice of job is computer programming.What are the dreams of teenagers? Teenagers have all kinds of dreams.Some are more realistic than others.For example，many students said they would like to be volunteers at the 2008 Olympics，maybe working as transl
24、ators or tour guides.And quite a few said they dream of going to the moon one day.According to the survey，less realistic dreams are also common，but many students reported that they were willing to work hard to achieve their dreams.Quite a few dream of becoming famous，perhaps famous sports people or
25、singers.Some said theyd like to go on exciting trips；one students said shed love to sail across the Pacific Ocean.And then there are dreams that are impossible; three students said theyd like to be able to fly!Conclusion It was clear from the survey that teenagers have similar hopes.It seems that mo
26、st students hope to have a good education and find a good job.On the other hand，students dream of very different things: good things，and even crazy things.It is very important to dream，so hold on your dreams; one day they may just come true.A survey about some Chinese students _1_Hopes of teenagersS
27、ome students hope to start working as soon as possible.Others hope to continue studying after finishing school and to go to university._2_ is the most popular choice of job.Dreams of teenagersSome students have more realistic dreams such as working as volunteers at the 2008 Olympics，etc.Others have
28、less realistic dreams such as becoming famous sports people or singer，_3 _ and sailing across the Pacific Ocean.Some students _4_ such as being able to fly.Conclusion：The survey shows that teenagers _5_.1._ 2._3_ 4._5_C(2013 铜仁中考)交友哲理Richard，14，said， “ I want to make friends，but I dont know how.In m
29、y last school，my classmates often bullied(欺负) me and I didnt have any friends.Children at this school look OK，but I just know Ill also do something wrong.Please help me！”Perhaps the best way to make friends is to know what makes a friend.I asked some 13yearold boys and girls to write down they liked
30、 about their friends.They said that good friends：go around with happy faces.like to share.stay and play together with others.invite people to do something.are humorous.are good at organizing games.help others with work.are kind. are good at thinking of something fun to do.Goodfriendsgo around _1_ ha
31、ppy faces.like to share.stay and play together with others._2_ others with work.are _3_ and humorous._4_ people to do something.are good at organizing games and thinking of something _5_ to do. 1._ 2._ 3._ 4._5_D(2015 贵阳中考)人物传记Steve Jobs was famous for starting Apple Computers.In a speech to graduat
32、ing students at Stanford University，Jobs told students about some of his lifechanging experiences.Jobs believed these experiences helped him achieve success.Jobs biological mother was a college student.As a young mother，she felt unable to bring Jobs up so she put him up for adoption.Jobs adopted par
33、ents were simple workingclass people.When Jobs was 17，his parents used their savings to send him to college.After six months of college，Jobs decided it was not for him.Around that time，he had read a quotation that went something like， “If you live each day as if it was your last，someday youll most c
34、ertainly be right.”The quotation made him think about his life and his future.He started to question if he should stay in college.Was he doing what he really wanted to do? Eventually，he decided he had to change something; he decided to drop out of college.Jobs was lucky because he knew what he loved
35、 to do.He started Apple Computers in his parents garage with a friend when he was 20.In just ten years，Apple grew into a $2 billion company.However in 1985，Jobs was fired from the company.Jobs was shocked.He lost everything at once.He quickly realized that he still loved what he did，and over the nex
36、t five years，he started two highly successful companies.Next and Pixar.Jobs also met his future wife，Laurene.Jobs was happily married with a family，working for Apple again and living every day as if it were his last.Paragraph1Steve Jobs was famous for starting Apple Company.He believed that _1_ help
37、ed him achieve success.Paragraph2Jobs adopted parents were simple workingclass people.They _2_ that they could only use their savings for Jobs college education.Paragraph3A quotation made Jobs think about his life and his future.After six months of college，Jobs didnt think _3_ and he decided to leav
38、e college.Paragraph45 After _4_of firing from Apple，quickly Jobs realized he still loved what he did and started two highly successful companies.Conclusion According to Jobs story，if we want to achieve success，we should make a right decision，do what we love，never give up and _5_1._ 2._3_ 4._5_类型二 补全
39、句子型【解题策略】这种题型要求我们根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，所填写的词或词组具有很高的概括性和准确性。因此，我们必须认真阅读材料，尽可能从短文中找到所要填写的词语或用其同义词、近义词或短语或反义词语填空。一般情况下，这种题型都是原文的改写，所以必须遵循原文的意思和表达表式，不能脱离作者的意思胡乱填空。A(2014 贵阳中考)人物传记Charles Darwin was a scientist who changed our understanding of the natural world.He is known as the Father of Modern B
40、iology.Darwin spent all his life studying nature and making notes about all the species(物种) he found.Darwin was born in 1809 in England.Like many geniuses he didnt do well at school and got poor marks.He was a good athlete though and loved exploring nature and collecting sea shells.He also kept doin
41、g chemistry experiments and so his classmates gave him the nickname “Gas”His father was a doctor and expected Charles to become one too.Charles started studying medicine at Edinburgh University，but soon gave up his studies there.He went on to study religion at Cambridge University instead.There he s
42、tarted collecting insects like beetles and paid too little attention to his studies.In 1831，at the age of 22 ，Darwin went on a fiveyear expedition to South America ，Australia and South Africa by ship.He was often seasick， but the things he saw on this long journey changed his life.He collected many
43、fossils as well as animal and plant specimens.He spent the rest of his life studying what he had seen and he wrote many books.In 1839，Darwin married his cousin，Emma Wedgwood，with whom he had ten children! He was a loving father and enjoyed family life，which was always more important to him than his
44、research.In spite of having many health problems throughout his life，Darwin lived until he was 73.Darwins most famous book On the Origin of Species came out in 1859 and sold out in a day.It said that all living things were related，which meant that human beings were just another kind of animal.These
45、ideas were not popular at first，but now most people agree with them and admire Darwin as a brilliant scientist.1Darwin was a _ and had great interests in exploring nature though he was _ work.2At Edinburgh University ，Darwin soon gave up his study because he _.3Darwin came up with _ after the long j
46、ourney，and what he saw on the way _.4According to the article，Darwin loved his family very much and he had _.5At first，Darwins new ideas about human beings _.B(2014 铜仁中考)人物传记William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in England.At school, he liked watching plays.He decided to be an actor when he finished
47、school at the age of 14.At 28, he moved to London and joined a theater company which opened the Globe Theater in 1599.He became an actor and he also wrote plays.He usually acted his own plays.He got almost no money from his writing.But he made a lot of money from acting.Shakespeare died at the age of 52.He is a famous writer in the world.1William Shakespeare was a great writer and an _.2William Shakespeare liked watching play
