1、专题七 形容词和副词第一节 形容词和副词的用法及辨析,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词(包括比较级和最高级) 2.副词 (包括比较级和最高级)考查点 年份 题号 选项设置 分值形容词词义辨析201540 all right/terrible/worse 1 分33 new/old/lovely 1 分201432 easy/rich/difficult 1 分39 afraid/proud/ashamed 1 分201240 interesting/boring/terrible 1 分63 疲倦的tired 1 分副词词义辨析2015 62 更努力 harder 1 分2013
2、36 clearly/loudly/soon 1 分201140 never/always/seldom 1 分63 奇怪的strange 1 分怀化中考单项选择对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在对比较等级的考查上。而完形填空则侧重形容词和副词的词义辨析，侧重对上下文的理解及语境的判断。短文填空则偏向形容词或副词的拼写。预计 2016 年怀化中考的完形填空必定考查一道形容词或副词词义辨析。短文填空会涉及一道形容词或副词的拼写。,怀化中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _.(quick)2My un
3、cle lost his ID card yesterday._，a schoolboy found it and sent it back to him in the afternoon.(lucky)3Though it was raining _，the policeman was still standing at the crossing.(heavy)4Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words _(correct)5All of us were _ that such a little girl spoke En
4、glish so well.(surprise)6Its cool and _ in autumn in our hometown.(sun)二、单项选择( )7.Its _ to find English difficult sometimes.Dont give up.Astrange BunusualCnormal( )8.If you are full of love ， youll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.Aafraid BangryCgood( )9.There are a lot of people ta
5、lking and laughing in the room and its very _Aquiet BsoftCnoisy( )10.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous BcarefulChonest ( )11.Its raining _ now.Youd better take an umbrella with you.Aheavy BheavilyCstrong( )12.Please be _Theres an important meeting in the next r
6、oom.Aquickly BquickCquiet( )13.I carried the bowl with both hands _，so I wouldnt break it.Acarefully BhappilyCquickly( )14.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely BsafelyCangrily( )15.My friend Frank sings well ，and he is _ good at playing guitar.Anot BalsoCyet( )16.(201
7、5 永州中考模拟)He said he would go _，but then he drove very fast.Aearly BquicklyCslowly( )17.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever BalmostChardly【满分点拨】一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something i
8、mportant to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如 alone，afraid，asleep ，awake，alive，well 等。2作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。3作宾补，放在宾语之后，常与 make，leave，keep 等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化，如 the same， different，southern，northern，Chine
9、se，Japanese 等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置1副词的作用副词是表示行为特征或性状特征的词。主要以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：Sometimes were very busy.2副词的构成构成 例词与形容词同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容词后直接加 ly sadsadly；polite politely辅音字母加 y
10、结尾的形容词改 y 为 i 再加 ly happyhappily；angry angrily；busybusily辅音字母加 le 结尾时，去 e 加 y simplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少数以 e 结尾的形容词，要去掉 e 再加 ly truetruly；due duly注意：(1)有些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：motherly，lovely，lively ，friendly ，lonely 。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加ly，意义有区别。常见的有：close adj./adv.
11、靠近 closely adv.密切地high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地free adj./adv.免费 freely adv.自由地late adj./adv.晚，迟 lately adv.近来deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻/深入地near adj./adv.邻近 nearly adv.几乎 /将近hard adj./adv.努力地 hardly adv.几乎不most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地wide adj./adv.宽阔 widely adv.广泛地3.副词的分类和位置分类 位置 例词时间副词 一般放在句尾n
12、ow 现在 then 那时 today 今天tomorrow 明天 yesterday 昨天 before前面 ago之前 soon 很快 once 曾经，以前 at first 首先 at last 最后 just now 刚才 at once 立刻，马上频度副词行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be 动词之后twice 两次 daily 天天，常常 weekly每周，每周一次 every day 每天 every week 每周 every month 每月 always总是，经常 usually 经常 often 经常，常常 sometimes 有时 ever 曾经 never从来不地点副
13、词 一般放在句尾here 这儿 there 那儿 upstairs 楼上downstairs 楼下 above 上边 behind 后边 everywhere 每个地方 anywhere 任何地方方式副词 放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前well 好地，优质地 badly 坏地，劣质地 fast 快速地 hard 难地；努力地happily 快乐地 loudly 大声地 luckily幸运地 politely 礼貌地 quickly 快速地 really 真正地 safely 安全地 slowly缓慢地程度副词被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后。enough 修饰形容词或副词时须后置
14、quite 相当，完全，十分 rather 相当，颇，有点 very 非常 much 许多 a lot许多 a little 一点，一些 a bit 少量 enough 足够 hardly 几乎不 almost 大多数疑问副词 通常置于句首疑问副词有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。关系副词 用来引导宾语从句，放在句中关系副词有when，where，why，how 等，关系副词常用来引导从句。四、形容词和副词辨析1形容词词义辨析近几年怀化中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项选择部分
15、是偶考点。有时会涉及对某一类形容词词义辨析的考查，如性格描述类。在完形填空部分是必考点，越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别，解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义。2副词词义辨析怀化中考近 5 年单项选择中并没有考查副词词义辨析，但是完形填空中会涉及一道副词词义辨析的试题，且偏向频度副词的考查。所以学生要重点掌握常见副词的词义和用法。3形容词和副词混合辨析怀化中考中有很多形容词和副词形式相近的词。此类混合考法是怀化中考试题的亮点。下面将这类最常见的形容词与副词加以归纳，以帮助学生区别它们的不同含义与用法，并能在实践中灵活地加以运用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.
16、容易地，轻松地如：Its easy to finish this task.完成这项任务很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易办到。(2)slow adj.慢的slowly adv.缓慢地，慢吞吞地如：Business was rather slow last month.上个月生意不太景气。He slowly walked up the path. He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的，明白的，清晰的clearly adv.清楚地，明白
17、地，清晰地如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.这本书很清晰，我很容易理解。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他说得很清楚，我可以听到每一个字。(4)close adj.紧密的，亲密的，亲近的closely adv.紧密地，仔细地，细心地如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.这个小婴儿被她细心照料着。(5)hard adj.坚
18、硬的，难的hardly adv.几乎不如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.汤姆认为学好英语很难。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太会说英语，对吧？(6)most adj.最多的，大多数的mostly adv.主要地，大部分，在大多数场合如：Most of us agreed his plan.我们大多数人都同意他的计划。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要听和阅读。(7)near adj.近的，亲密的nearly adv.几乎，差不多如：My
19、home is near to school.我家离学校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你将几乎半生投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的，急速的quickly adv.快地，急速地如：Be quick， or we will be late.快点，要不然我们就迟到了。You must resolve the situation quickly.你必须快速解决这种局面。(9)useful adj.有用的，有益的，有帮助的usefully adv.有用地，有效地如：There is something useful.I
20、 hope it can help you.这儿有一些有用的东西，我希望它可以帮助到你。The money can be used usefully to help him.这笔钱用来帮助他会非常有价值。(10)bad adj.坏的，不好的，严重的badly adv.不好地，很大程度上如：I think it is a very bad article.我认为那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整个项目管理不善。(11)careful adj.仔细的，小心的carefully adv.仔细地，小心地如：Lily is so careful
21、 that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中没有任何错误。He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。第二节 形容词和副词的比较等级,怀化五年中考命题规律及趋势考纲要求1.形容词( 包括比较级和最高级) 2.副词(包括比较级和最高级 )考查点 年份 题号 考查角度 选项设置 分值形容词比较等级2015 24 形容词比较级 high/higher/highest 1 分201427 形容词最高级beautiful/more beautiful/the most beautiful1 分6
22、3 形容词比较级 更短shorter 1 分2013 25 形容词比较级 smart/smarter/smartest 1 分201123 形容词最高级popular/more popular/ the most popular1 分31 形容词比较级 older/younger/clever 1 分副词比较等级2015 62 副词比较级 更努力harder1 分2012 23 副词比较级 fast/faster/fastest 1 分怀化中考单项选择对形容词和副词比较等级的考查较多，且偏向形容词和副词原级、比较级和最高级的混合辨析。选项设置多为同一词根的不同等级混合辨析，且语境的设置都会出现
23、一些提示性词语，如：of，in， than， or 等。句子的设置多为两个单句，词数为 912。短文填空偏向形容词或副词比较级的拼写。预计 2016 年怀化中考的单项选择必定会考查一道形容词或副词的比较级，短文填空可能会考查一道形容词或副词比较级的拼写。,怀化中考重难点突破【考点抢测】一、词语运用1This place is not big enough for Lucys birthday party.We should find a _ one.(big)2I work hard this term，but Peter works much _.(hard)3This Tshirt is
24、not large enough.Please show me a _ one.(large)4Yao Ming is _ Chinese basketball player that ever played in NBA.(tall)5Playing computer games is _ of all the activities.(interesting)二、单项选择( )6.(2015 湘潭中考模拟)We lost the match because they had _ players.They had eleven and we had only nine!Aless BmuchC
25、more( )7.Things are _ on the moon than on the earth.Amuch heavier Bthe heaviestCmuch lighter( )8.In the talent show，I performed well and Ann did even _Awell BbetterCmore( )9.Most kids would say sports games are the _ things in a school.They feel very excited.Ahappiest BeasiestCworst( )10.(2015 衡阳中考模
26、拟)It will be _ if you buy a return ticket on the train when you travel in England.Amuch cheap Bmore cheaplyCmuch cheaper( )11.Tom writes _ than us，so he can get good grades in writing.Amost carefully Bmore carefullyCless careful( )12.Someone says“Time is money”But I think time is _ important than mo
27、ney.Aless BmuchCeven more( )13.You should do more exercise，or youll become _Amore strongly and stronglyBbetter and betterCweaker and weaker( )14.Lucy does homework _ than Tim.Acarefully Bmore carefulCmore carefully( )15.A 100yearold man ran a marathon in Toronto on Sunday.He became the _ person to c
28、omplete the longdistance running in the world.Aold BolderColdest( )16.The population problem may be one of _ problems in the world today.Agreat Bmore greatCthe greatest( )17.(2015 株洲中考模拟) Can you tell me why you learn English so well?Its very simple._ you work，_ grades you will get.AThe harder；the b
29、estBThe hard；the betterCThe harder；the better【满分点拨】形容词、副词比较等级的构成1形容词副词比较等级的一般变化规则规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词末尾加er，est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词加r，st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母y 结尾的双音节单词，先把y 变为 i，再加er，est。earlyhappyearlierhappierear
30、liesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加er，est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most。interestingimportantmore interestingmoreimportantmost interestingmost important2.常见不规则变化的形容词和副词原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle le
31、ss leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法句型 意义 例句as形容词/副词原级as两者比较，程度相同。 “asas”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost ， half，twice， nearly 等。This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。如果形容词修饰
32、单数可数名词，应用as形容词/副词原级 a(n)可数名词单数形式as。Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。This is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但而且” 。Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。not as(so)形容词/副词原级as两者相比，一方不及另一方。This village isnt as(so)big as that one.这个村子没有那个村
33、子大。I didnt do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。形容词(副词)比较级than 两者进行比较。The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。比较级and 比较级 越来越 ，多音节的用 She is growing fatter and more and more形容词或副词原级。fatter.她越来越胖了。Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
34、我们的国家越来越美了。the比较级，the比较级越，越，如果“the比较级 ”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后。The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙越高兴。The more，the better.越多越好。The more money he gets，the more he wants.他得到的钱越多越想要。具体数字(如倍数)asas 是的倍。The city is two times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我的家乡的 2 倍。具体数字、实物、倍数等比较级than形容词与具体倍数等的比较。He is a head taller thanI他比我高一个头。This city is three times larger than that one.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。形容词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。 He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班里最高的男孩。副词最高级介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最的。 He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。
